Suchergebnisse

According to the latest research of the names of the dukes of Tartar origins in Lithuania it is evident that their names have been formed in five different ways: 1) by adding suffix -owicz to the name taken from the Bible, 2) by adding it to a Slavic or a Byzantian name, 3) by adding the suffix to the tribal Tartar nickname, 4) by taking the local place name, 5) by taking a Lithuanian spouse's name. Also their names show the exact time of their colonization in Lithuania and the reasons of their arrival. In this research facts that are not revealed in modern science are being analyzed. These facts mostly are kept silent because of prejudice, and thus the author states that in researches of history, philology and culture, so called 'politics of history' is being used. In this article the harm for the researches of Lithuanian Tartar culture and history is being shown. Tartar people in Lithuania settled already in the 14th century, and the reason for that was an escape from the Uzbek kings of the Golden Horde. Another statement is that Tartar dukes, who had a right to call themselves dukes, were originally from Mongolian emperor's Jesiugej Baatur's family, and this right and title were approved in Lithuanian and Polish parliaments; those titles have never been doubted. Also it is stated, that the religion of the first Tartar colonists was probably shamanistic beliefs, and later – Christian faith. The article is based on a deep analysis of historical, cultural, philological and literature sources. A conclusion suggests that scientists of the above- mentioned areas should more precisely research the names of the dukes of Tartar origin, as well as their input into Lithuanian culture and history.

According to the latest research of the names of the dukes of Tartar origins in Lithuania it is evident that their names have been formed in five different ways: 1) by adding suffix -owicz to the name taken from the Bible, 2) by adding it to a Slavic or a Byzantian name, 3) by adding the suffix to the tribal Tartar nickname, 4) by taking the local place name, 5) by taking a Lithuanian spouse's name. Also their names show the exact time of their colonization in Lithuania and the reasons of their arrival. In this research facts that are not revealed in modern science are being analyzed. These facts mostly are kept silent because of prejudice, and thus the author states that in researches of history, philology and culture, so called 'politics of history' is being used. In this article the harm for the researches of Lithuanian Tartar culture and history is being shown. Tartar people in Lithuania settled already in the 14th century, and the reason for that was an escape from the Uzbek kings of the Golden Horde. Another statement is that Tartar dukes, who had a right to call themselves dukes, were originally from Mongolian emperor's Jesiugej Baatur's family, and this right and title were approved in Lithuanian and Polish parliaments; those titles have never been doubted. Also it is stated, that the religion of the first Tartar colonists was probably shamanistic beliefs, and later – Christian faith. The article is based on a deep analysis of historical, cultural, philological and literature sources. A conclusion suggests that scientists of the above- mentioned areas should more precisely research the names of the dukes of Tartar origin, as well as their input into Lithuanian culture and history.

According to the latest research of the names of the dukes of Tartar origins in Lithuania it is evident that their names have been formed in five different ways: 1) by adding suffix -owicz to the name taken from the Bible, 2) by adding it to a Slavic or a Byzantian name, 3) by adding the suffix to the tribal Tartar nickname, 4) by taking the local place name, 5) by taking a Lithuanian spouse's name. Also their names show the exact time of their colonization in Lithuania and the reasons of their arrival. In this research facts that are not revealed in modern science are being analyzed. These facts mostly are kept silent because of prejudice, and thus the author states that in researches of history, philology and culture, so called 'politics of history' is being used. In this article the harm for the researches of Lithuanian Tartar culture and history is being shown. Tartar people in Lithuania settled already in the 14th century, and the reason for that was an escape from the Uzbek kings of the Golden Horde. Another statement is that Tartar dukes, who had a right to call themselves dukes, were originally from Mongolian emperor's Jesiugej Baatur's family, and this right and title were approved in Lithuanian and Polish parliaments; those titles have never been doubted. Also it is stated, that the religion of the first Tartar colonists was probably shamanistic beliefs, and later – Christian faith. The article is based on a deep analysis of historical, cultural, philological and literature sources. A conclusion suggests that scientists of the above- mentioned areas should more precisely research the names of the dukes of Tartar origin, as well as their input into Lithuanian culture and history.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.

The topic of this paper is "Right to legal person's name and its protection". This paper covers the regulation and jurisprudence of legal person's name protection in Lithuania, Germany and at the level of European Union. It clarifies the conception of legal person's name, its relations with trade marks and domain names. The paper pays most attention to the manners of protection and the conditions in which protection is granted, in comparison when the conflicts arise between two legal person's names, between legal person's name and trade mark or between legal person's name and domain name, especially differences and specific of different kind of disputes. Right to the court is important when right to legal person's name isn't defended by registration of another company, trade mark or domain name. It also deals with the problems related to laws application, analyzes the grounds of disputes between legal person's names and trade marks, domain names. It's also discussed how to improve regulation on protection of legal person's names.

The topic of this paper is "Right to legal person's name and its protection". This paper covers the regulation and jurisprudence of legal person's name protection in Lithuania, Germany and at the level of European Union. It clarifies the conception of legal person's name, its relations with trade marks and domain names. The paper pays most attention to the manners of protection and the conditions in which protection is granted, in comparison when the conflicts arise between two legal person's names, between legal person's name and trade mark or between legal person's name and domain name, especially differences and specific of different kind of disputes. Right to the court is important when right to legal person's name isn't defended by registration of another company, trade mark or domain name. It also deals with the problems related to laws application, analyzes the grounds of disputes between legal person's names and trade marks, domain names. It's also discussed how to improve regulation on protection of legal person's names.

The topic of this paper is "Right to legal person's name and its protection". This paper covers the regulation and jurisprudence of legal person's name protection in Lithuania, Germany and at the level of European Union. It clarifies the conception of legal person's name, its relations with trade marks and domain names. The paper pays most attention to the manners of protection and the conditions in which protection is granted, in comparison when the conflicts arise between two legal person's names, between legal person's name and trade mark or between legal person's name and domain name, especially differences and specific of different kind of disputes. Right to the court is important when right to legal person's name isn't defended by registration of another company, trade mark or domain name. It also deals with the problems related to laws application, analyzes the grounds of disputes between legal person's names and trade marks, domain names. It's also discussed how to improve regulation on protection of legal person's names.

The topic of this paper is "Right to legal person's name and its protection". This paper covers the regulation and jurisprudence of legal person's name protection in Lithuania, Germany and at the level of European Union. It clarifies the conception of legal person's name, its relations with trade marks and domain names. The paper pays most attention to the manners of protection and the conditions in which protection is granted, in comparison when the conflicts arise between two legal person's names, between legal person's name and trade mark or between legal person's name and domain name, especially differences and specific of different kind of disputes. Right to the court is important when right to legal person's name isn't defended by registration of another company, trade mark or domain name. It also deals with the problems related to laws application, analyzes the grounds of disputes between legal person's names and trade marks, domain names. It's also discussed how to improve regulation on protection of legal person's names.

According to the historiographical tradition, Pilėnai Castle was besieged by the army of the Teutonic Knights in 1336. When the defenders of the Castle, led by Duke Margins, realized that it was impossible to defend themselves any longer against the much larger enemy force, they made a decision to commit mass suicide. They did this in preference to being subjugated and enslaved by the Teutonic Order. The author of the article surveys symbolical meanings that the name of Duke Margins acquired in the cultural memory of Lithuania since the beginning of national revival in the 19th century until the end of the 20th century as well as the influence of the discourse of Lithuanian nationalism and alternation of political regimes upon notional transformations of the name of Duke Margins. It is argued that the gravitation of the image of Duke Margiris and Pilėnai Castle which has been persisting in the cultural memory of Lithuania for more than one century testifies that this image has become an example of a sampler Lithuanian heroism and is constantly brought up-to-date in the context of Lithuanian identity first and foremost. The usage of the relevant image of Duke Margins aims at making a response to the challenges made to the Lithuanian identity while the name of the Duke of Pilėnai acquires new symbolic meanings in the cultural memory of Lithuania.

According to the historiographical tradition, Pilėnai Castle was besieged by the army of the Teutonic Knights in 1336. When the defenders of the Castle, led by Duke Margins, realized that it was impossible to defend themselves any longer against the much larger enemy force, they made a decision to commit mass suicide. They did this in preference to being subjugated and enslaved by the Teutonic Order. The author of the article surveys symbolical meanings that the name of Duke Margins acquired in the cultural memory of Lithuania since the beginning of national revival in the 19th century until the end of the 20th century as well as the influence of the discourse of Lithuanian nationalism and alternation of political regimes upon notional transformations of the name of Duke Margins. It is argued that the gravitation of the image of Duke Margiris and Pilėnai Castle which has been persisting in the cultural memory of Lithuania for more than one century testifies that this image has become an example of a sampler Lithuanian heroism and is constantly brought up-to-date in the context of Lithuanian identity first and foremost. The usage of the relevant image of Duke Margins aims at making a response to the challenges made to the Lithuanian identity while the name of the Duke of Pilėnai acquires new symbolic meanings in the cultural memory of Lithuania.

According to the historiographical tradition, Pilėnai Castle was besieged by the army of the Teutonic Knights in 1336. When the defenders of the Castle, led by Duke Margins, realized that it was impossible to defend themselves any longer against the much larger enemy force, they made a decision to commit mass suicide. They did this in preference to being subjugated and enslaved by the Teutonic Order. The author of the article surveys symbolical meanings that the name of Duke Margins acquired in the cultural memory of Lithuania since the beginning of national revival in the 19th century until the end of the 20th century as well as the influence of the discourse of Lithuanian nationalism and alternation of political regimes upon notional transformations of the name of Duke Margins. It is argued that the gravitation of the image of Duke Margiris and Pilėnai Castle which has been persisting in the cultural memory of Lithuania for more than one century testifies that this image has become an example of a sampler Lithuanian heroism and is constantly brought up-to-date in the context of Lithuanian identity first and foremost. The usage of the relevant image of Duke Margins aims at making a response to the challenges made to the Lithuanian identity while the name of the Duke of Pilėnai acquires new symbolic meanings in the cultural memory of Lithuania.

According to the historiographical tradition, Pilėnai Castle was besieged by the army of the Teutonic Knights in 1336. When the defenders of the Castle, led by Duke Margins, realized that it was impossible to defend themselves any longer against the much larger enemy force, they made a decision to commit mass suicide. They did this in preference to being subjugated and enslaved by the Teutonic Order. The author of the article surveys symbolical meanings that the name of Duke Margins acquired in the cultural memory of Lithuania since the beginning of national revival in the 19th century until the end of the 20th century as well as the influence of the discourse of Lithuanian nationalism and alternation of political regimes upon notional transformations of the name of Duke Margins. It is argued that the gravitation of the image of Duke Margiris and Pilėnai Castle which has been persisting in the cultural memory of Lithuania for more than one century testifies that this image has become an example of a sampler Lithuanian heroism and is constantly brought up-to-date in the context of Lithuanian identity first and foremost. The usage of the relevant image of Duke Margins aims at making a response to the challenges made to the Lithuanian identity while the name of the Duke of Pilėnai acquires new symbolic meanings in the cultural memory of Lithuania.