Suchergebnisse

Monumental and museum work in Ukraine in 1960-1970's of XX century. characterized by a wave of mass interest in Ukrainian culture and the spread of the progressive idea of creating ethnographic museums of a new type – open-air museums, commonly called scans. The first such museum in Ukraine was the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in the Middle Dnieper region in Pereyasla, Kyiv region, which is one of the richest treasures of original folk architecture and life of the inhabitants of the Dnieper villages of the 19 th – beginning оf the 20 th. The museum is a part of National historical and ethnographic reserve «Pereyaslav».
This project had no precedents in Ukraine, so the path to the realization of this idea was difficult and long. Foreign experience in creating open-air ethnographic exhibitions was especially useful, as the museum practice of Ukraine still lacked theoretical knowledge, polished methodology, clear principles of museum studies, international standards, and good work experience. The approaches of Pereyaslav museums to this new, methodically and practically not developed business, were creative and original. The experience of its founders was useful for creating other museums of folk architecture and life in Ukraine.
The article examines the history of the Pereyaslav scansen. Different conceptual approaches of its founders are analyzed. The proposed article deals, first of all, with the scientific controversy between the director of the Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky State Historical Museum M.I. Sikorsky and public figure E.F. Ishchenko regarding the definition of the type of museum, its name, thematic structure, exposition content, landscaping and other issues. Scientific discourse also had its positive sides. The controversy that arose between the founders allowed both sides to consider true, logical ideas in the theory of each of them. Scientific discourse also had its positive sides. The controversy that arose between the founders allowed both sides to consider true, logical ideas in the theory of each of them.

Лексико-семантична мовна система, як відомо, є динамічною. Вона постійно розвивається, зазнає змін. Одним із найголовніших засобів системної організації лексичного складу мови є полісемія. Багатозначність належить до універсальних мовних явищ. Вона забезпечує одну з найважливіших вимог до мови як сигніфікативної системи, що має за допомогою мінімальної кількості знаків передавати максимальну кількість інформації. Слова будь-якої мови перш за все виконують функцію номінативну, тобто називають різні предмети, об'єкти та явища довколишньої дійсності. Власні найменування, на противагу загальним, семантика яких об'єднує, узагальнює низку однотипних об'єктів, характеризуються тим, що, називаючи щось, вони мають індивідуалізувати об'єкт, вирізнити його серед подібних до себе. Здавалося би, якщо функція онімів полягає в індивідуалізації явищ об'єктивної дійсності, називанні й виокремленні тих або тих реалій чи певного класу імен, то б вони не мали бути багатозначними, однак власні назви також можуть бути полісемантичними, що зайвий раз свідчить на користь універсальності досліджуваного нами явища. Основна мета нашої розвідки полягатиме в поданні прикладів лексикографування полісемічних онімів, наявних у мові українського фольклору. У статті ми також прагнемо встановити основні типи власних найменувань, що зазнають розширення семантики.Онімний простір фольклору становить досить розгалужену систему, яка, очевидно, ще потребуватиме подальших наукових досліджень і докладнішої лексикографічної репрезентації. Подальшу перспективу нашого дослідження вбачаємо в тому, що представлений нами в цій розвідці матеріал може увійти з часом до «Словника мови усної народної словесності» або вибіркового словника, присвяченого власним назвам, уживаним у мові фольклору.

The publication aims to draw the attention of Ukrainian scholars and researchers of Ukrainian cultural heritage to study the work of a unique domestic artist of monumental and decorative art, whose name is included in the list of prominent figures of world heritage of the twentieth century - Alexander Saenko. O. Saenko's artistic heritage includes more than 500 works of painting, graphics and monumental and decorative art: decorative panels, carpets, tapestries, etc. But O. Saenko possessed the technique of straw inlay most perfectly. He subtly felt the diversity of sacred energies that give "joy to people." It was in the colors of straw that O. Saenko saw such energy.
O. Saenko's paintings are not only artistically perfect, but also the vast majority of them are filled with nationalpatriotic content. Among them, one of the most famous is the decorative painting "Kozak Mamai" (1928, 1936). The analysis of O. Saenko's paintings shows that they are deeply folk, and therefore perceived as modern in their content and style.

The article deals with Vasyl Gorlenko, one of the most prominent Ukrainian culturologists of the late nineteenth century – beginning of the XX century. Whose name on the one hand did not belong to the forgotten names: it is fixed in all professional encyclopedias, many articles have been written about it, it is mentioned in the memoirs of contemporaries, there are even three monographs, on the other hand all this is very small, going out from what was done by Vasily Petrovich. There are a lot of problems raised in the writings of V. Gorlenko. There are some that are extremely important. It was established that studying at the famous Sorbonne, he passed the beautiful school of the French theoretician of literature and art critic Ivan T., French classical literature and art, thus receiving a high level of education, education of the best spiritual traits of behavior, possessed at least 5 foreign languages. It was discovered that when V.Gorlenko returned to his homeland, he first met in St. Petersburg with many prominent figures who came from his native land. One of these places of acquaintances is "Tuesdays" by M. Kostomarov. It was on them that V. Gorlenko was a true school of Ukrainian studies. And when Ukraine appeared periodicals that were in line with its patriotic interests, V. Gorlenko began to work with them. In the newspaper Trud, after twenty years of actual silence about T. Shevchenko, the first in Ukraine is a fragment of Russian tales of Taras Shevchenko "A walk with pleasure and not without morality" and the story "The Musician" with some reproach to everyone else who hadn't done it already. It was found out that the Ukrainian elite rallied around the magazine "Kievan old woman" (1882-1906): V. Antonovich, D. Bagaliy, M. Belyashivsky, P. Golubovsky, V. Domanytsky, P. Efimenko, P. Zhitetsky, O. Lazarevsky, O. Levitsky, M. Sumtsov, V. Tarnovsky and many others. Here were M. Drahomanov, M. Kostomarov, V. Vynnychenko, Panas Mirnyi, I. Franko, M. Staritsky and dozens of other Ukrainian scholars and writers. Among them Vasyl Horlenko. Currently, 114-th of his publications, contained in this publication, are known. Articles, reviews, reviews of publications, information, folk records - each of these publications is an example of scientific conscientiousness and responsibility of the author. It was here that his multifaceted talent of journalist, literary critic and historian, ethnographer and folklorist, art historian, expert in Ukrainian antiquity was revealed. Quite often, V.n Gorlenko was the first, who write about the works of P. Mirny, I. Franko, I. Karpenko-Karyi, M. Kropivnitsky, I. Manzhuro and many others. Invaluable source in the study of both the personality of V. Gorlenko and his environment is his correspondence. Currently, there are about 40 recipients and more than 700 letters to him and partly to him. He corresponded with many Ukrainian and foreign writers, scholars, and cultural figures. He loved Ukraine most of all and was afraid of those revolutions that were devastated, death, spiritual impoverishment, barbarism; advocated the steadfast development of society, feeling as an integral part of its people, small and great Nature. Therefore, it remained for us a bright star of the unimpeded space of culture.

The paper reveals the features of sociological theorizing offered by classical sociology, including M. Weber's concept. The thematic directions that became central to the German scholar's sociology are identified: modernization, rationalization, legitimization, etc.; their genesis is analyzed from the point of view of the philosophical (Baden School of Neo-Kantianism) and sociological (G. Simmel's concept of cultural forms) studios. It is emphasized that rationalization, which was first considered by M. Weber, becomes a cross-cutting theme in sociology up to the end of the twentieth century. Further development of the concept of rationalization takes place within the communicative turn, associated with the name of J. Habermas. The concept of constructing the social, taking into account the meaning that the author puts into his actions, becomes the first attempt of theoretical synthesis in the process of overcoming the methodological crisis in sociological science. M. Weber's sociology offers a departure from the "container approach" in the analysis of society, which was later realized within the world-systemic (A. G. Frank, I. Wallerstein, J. Arrighi, etc.) and synthetic (M. Archer, P. Bourdieu, E. Giddens, P. Sztompka, etc.) concepts. The problematic of a bureaucratization, formulated by M. Weber in the early twentieth century to describe the processes of formation of the modern state, acquires new relevance today in connection with the expansion of the "bureaucratic spirit" to commercial enterprises, built according to the network logic. The tendencies of (self-)management on the part of employees, which are accelerating due to the transition to the remote form of work. The author shows how processes of legitimation, which are necessary for the perception of changes in professional activity, simultaneously contribute to the fragmentation and disintegration of local social spaces.

The article addresses the issue on the determination of ways to improve the legal regulation for contractual relations of purchasing private property for public needs, based on the European experience in regulating expropriation. To achieve it, general and special methods of scientific knowledge have been used, including system-structural, structural-logical, comparative-legal, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, etc. The necessity of appreciation of the European experience of legal regulation of expropriation to optimize Ukrainian legislation in this area is emphasized. The article establishes the issue concerning the sameness of two legal tools, namely the contract of purchase of private property for public needs under Ukrainian law, as a general idea, which is now implemented through civil law agreements, and the expropriation agreement in several European states (Germany, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein). The advisability of expropriation agreement implementation into legislation and legal practice is substantiated; in this regard, expropriation agreement is considered as the special contract destined exclusively for regulation of purchase of private property for public needs. The author also suggests applying European approch to entitling the contract of purchasing of private property for public needs and identifying its terms; Expropriation Contract as a title is proposed. The article highlights the advantages of Expropriation Contract as a title. The amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the alienation of land and other real estate located on them, which are in private ownership, for public needs or for reasons of public necessity" according to European experience and author's examination are proposed. The author also recommends to change the name of the purchasing procedure to the procedure for voluntary expropriation (or voluntary alienation of private property for public needs).

The Lyzohubs were Cossack chiefmen and at the same time a noble family, whose representatives have played a prominent and sometimes paramount role at different stages of state formation during the XVII-XX centuries within the territories that are now part of the modern Ukrainian state. Illya Lyzohub's personality (about 1720–1781), despite his high social status, has not been the subject of research by the academic community of historians. Indirectly, his biography was covered by genealogists G. A. Miloradovich, V. L. Modzalevskyi and V. V. Kryvosheya. O. M. Lazarevskyi, who studied the Lyzohubs family in general, managed to bring most of the facts about his life path into the scientific circulation. However, there were no more attempts made to summarize the data concerning Illya Lyzohub's life and activities in the national historiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt to fill in the above mentioned lacuna, based on a wide range of written sources. Thus, on the basis of the methods of the so-called "new family history", socio-cultural transmissions and Illya Lyzohub's social ambitions as a representative of a chief Cossack family have been analysed. In the course of the study, interpersonal interactions between I. Lyzohub and Hetman K. G. Razumovsky, as well as Major General I. I. Golovin, have been studied. The latter are extremely important in the view of the analyzed genealogical relationship between Lyzohub and Golovin. Therefore, there is a reasonable opportunity to claim that Lizohubs are relatives of such writers with a worldwide name as A. S. Pushkin and L. M. Tolstoy. On the basis of memoirs and archival sources, it was possible to find information about most of Illya Lyzohub's places of residence, thus extending the geography of the study beyond the Hetmanate. Thus, the proposed article is, in its essence, the first biographical research of the life and activities of Illya Lyzohub.

The contribution of Omeljan Pritsak (7.04.1919-29.05.2006) to the development of Ukrainian studies abroad as an important factor in consolidating world Ukrainians' unification of the post-colonial period and the international recognition of Ukrainian science has been investigated. The underlying reasons that prompted the scientist to become a researcher of Ukrainian history and to create the "Harvard miracle" were found out. The names of the scholars as well as the teachers of O. Pritsak that have affected his formation as a universal scientist and a patriot who faced up to the role of science as a framework of culture and development of nation and state were submitted. The scientist's institutional arrangements in the area of building up scientific basis for the disciplines in Ukrainian studies were analyzed, in particular the relations regarding formation of the three departments of Ukrainian studies within the structure of Harvard University that are as follows: Ukrainian History, Ukrainian Linguistics and Ukrainian Literature. It was revealed the principles of organizing the scientific Ukrainian school of O. Pritsak at Harvard University and the conceptual underpinnings of its activity that allowed for the attainment of a world-class level of development of Ukrainian humanities and its international recognition. Attention is drawn to the practice of organizing scientific activities by Ukrainian foreign scientists as an important factor in preserving Ukrainian identity and consolidating world Ukrainians' unification. The role of O. Pritsak in overcoming the isolation of Ukrainian humanitarian fundamental science and its integration into the world cultural context is shown. It was described the personality of the scientist as a theorist and a practitioner of establishing a national identity, a real patriot and the state creator, the author of the model of academic Ukrainian science outside of Ukraine. The attempts which have been made to transfer the experience of organizing academic research activities in the diaspora to the territory of a mainland Ukraine following the proclamation of independence in 1991 are noted.

The article reveals the problematic aspects of the transformation processes of education into a commodity. Education is understood as a social practice and as a social institution. Carrying out a systematic analysis of these processes, the author demonstrates both systemic social, societal threats and (often underestimated) "pitfalls" generated by these processes, as well as possible limitations and even limits of their actualization and deployment. This analysis and demonstration is carried out in the technique of theoretical sociological expertise. The problem of sociology's partial disregard for the commodification of education and the probable prospects and problems arising from this are analyzed. It is emphasized that the uncritical perception of the processes of commodification of education by sociology, especially on the periphery of global neoliberal capitalism, is in itself a threat to education, in particular in the form of a change in the very nature of education as a phenomenon, its evolution from a phenomenon, first of all, a sociocultural phenomenon into a phenomenon primarily economic. Various arguments are given and analyzed in relation to the processes of commodification of education, each of which is named in the article by the name of a sociologist whose analysis is closest to the argument put forward. "Five big" arguments and "seven small" ones are formulated. In their presentation the "dark sides" of the processes of commodification and neoliberalization of education are analyzed in detail. Attention is focused on the analysis of how education is involved in interaction with other social institutions and phenomena, as well as on what effects and post-effects can be generated as a result of education commodification processes. It is emphasized that in this context, the most important plot is the connection between education as a phenomenon and freedom as a social construct – at the micro level, as well as with the social order – at the macro level. A number of conclusions are formulated about such a property of education as autonomy, about its socio-cultural characteristics and about the threats of the market.

In the article the essence of the neo-imperial ideology of the «Russian world», is revealed, which appearance is connected with the necessity of the modern Russia`s expansionist policy in ideological substantiation after the collapse of the Bolshevik`s empire commune – the Soviet Union. Moreover, the basis for resuscitation and the creation of a new empire is still preserved. In the newly created states from the post-Soviet republics, the vast majority of former party leaders came to the power, who sought little or no effort to eliminate the old, in essence, authoritariantotalitarian system of political government, almost all of them sought to preserve the economic ties that were established in a single economic complex between the republics of the former Soviet Union. The Union of Independent States (CIS), established in December 1991, provided additional opportunities for the new neo-empire. Under such conditions, pro-Kremlin theorists-statesmen were actively involved in the development of ideological and theoretical foundations for the new ideology. However, the very name «Russian world» was introduced into scientific and political circulation only in 2005. Since then, the spatial boundaries of the ideology «Russian world» are constantly expanding and now include those countries and peoples «where the Russian language is heard». Thus, the main goal of the new ideology «Russian world» is to include in the Russian neo-empire not only Russia itself, but all of Russia abroad, ie «almost a third - a billion Russian-speaking people or almost every twentieth inhabitant of the Earth» (O. Batanova). Thus, according to the great powers, it will be possible to correct the geopolitical mistake associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union. It has been proved that the neo-imperial ideology of the «Russian world» is based on Russian ultranationalism, which is permeated by the ideas of pan-Russianism, Russian exclusivity, and strong statehood, which Putin now embodies. This feature of the ideology of the «Russian world» indicates its neo-imperial orientation and geopolitical intentions of the great-power policy of modern Russia.

In this article the norms of Books 1–3 of the Civil Code of Ukraine are examined in order to determine civil sanctions and their system. The au- thor stipulates that in the Civil Code of Ukraine there is no definition for the specific term "sanction" and its types, except for Article 354, which states only one type of the sanction, that is, confiscation. These gaps lead to the problems in determining the grounds for the application of certain measures of coercive nature and impede the effective protection of subjective civil law rights which are violated.

A critical analysis of existing classifications of civil sanctions is carried out, and an author's classification of the General Part of the Civil Code's sanctions is proposed, depending on the types of legal relationships governed by it. For the purposes of such classification, the author considers the subjective composition of the legal relationship, the focus on the restoration of the subjective civil law right, which is violated, or on the compensation of the harm caused, and the consequences of civil sanctions application.

A thorough analysis of the norms of Books 1-4 of the Civil Code is carried out in order to identify the norms containing civil sanctions. Thus, in the first three chapters of the Civil Code there is a lack of the norms containing civil sanctions. At the same time, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code is distinguished by the variety of civil sanctions that are proposed to be considered as civil sanctions that limit or impede the personal civil status of an individual in the circumstances specified in Articles 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46, 47, 481. Other provisions of the same chapter contain sanctions that restore the civil status of an individual, which causes him or her to have positive legal effects (Articles 38, 42) related to the restoration of the civil capacity of an individual whose civil capacity has been is limited or recognized as incompetent.

On the basis of the conducted research of the norms of the Civil Code, it is concluded that the diversity of civil legal sanctions in different chapters of the Civil Code, which have different directions and consequences of their application, despite the absence of their direct name "sanctions".

The article is devoted to the problem of the Ukrainian pantheon of heroes formation in the context of the need for nation consolidation in the war in modern Ukraine. It is emphasized that the need to create a national pantheon of heroes is conditioned by the peculiarities of the historical development of Ukraine, namely: by centuries of struggle for the independence of the state, a large number of victims, heroes, whose graves are scattered throughout the world. The peculiarity of the proposed approach consists in applying the author's concept of heroism. It is emphasized that the creating a national pantheon of heroes is a way of maintaining the prolongation of traditions and representing historical events through personalization. After all, impersonal history does not have a proper effect on the formation of people consciousness and identity. It is emphasized that, on the one hand, the pantheon of heroes reflects the value system existing in society, on the other hand, it forms the consciousness of the descendants, forms a certain system of moral values, leads to the development of modern historical thinking, a national heroic narrative. It is stressed that the special historical situation in modern Ukraine has exacerbated the problem of national identity and demands the allocation of national identities among national heroes, recognized by the majority of citizens. In addition, the problem of determining the heroes on the national and regional scale is outlined. It is emphasized that certain features of the regions requires a careful approach to the formation of the national pantheon of heroes. It is determined that the approval of the latter should include work in the field of information policy and be implemented in the symbolic space (memorials, monuments, street names, etc.). An important role in this context belongs to socio-political leaders and cultural authorities. However should be the field of education and upbringing the leading agent in the formation of the national pantheon of heroes. It is emphasized that the broad informing of citizens about exploits, heroes' activity is one of the ways of dispersing negative external myths about Ukraine. It is established that the degree of consolidation of the nation increases under crisis conditions, and in the current situation, the formation of the Ukrainian pantheon of heroes opens new opportunities for consolidation and solidarity of Ukrainians.

For a long time, the creative heritage of many singers and composers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which was created at Hetman residences, churches and monasteries remained insufficiently explored, and partly unknown. In recent decades a number of works by domestic musicologists have been published, which largely filled this gap. Works mainly concern secular music or some of the most well-known composers who wrote spiritual music. At the same time, the scope of the activities of the church musical centers remains unexplored to modern days, as are the names of many of their representatives from the monastic structure. In this article was made the attempt to find out the role of the Ukrainian church elite in formation of the musical centers of Hetmanate, as well as to reconstruct their personnel on the basis of the analysis of newly discovered archival documents and various publications. It was noted that the specifics of the formation of these musical centers was that they focused on contemporary spiritual educational institutions that were preparing the frames of composers and performers. The leading of them was the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, which for a long period of time was the main "staff of personnel" of the time composers of spiritual music and performers of choral church singing. The organizers of the musical life at the Academy were first of all its rectors, who opened the music classes, organized student choirs and wrote musical works for them. A separate subject, which was studied at the Academy, was Kant's singing, the formation of which was facilitated by the new Paretza system of choral performance. Musical centers in Chernihiv, Kharkiv and Pereyaslav focused on collegiums initiated by local bishops and completely dependent on their personal interest. It is concluded that the majority of diocesan bishops actively promoted the development of musical education in their eparchies, some of them became founders of choral groups and authors of musical works. The Chernihiv cell, initiated by Archbishop Lazar Baranovich more than half a century earlier from Kharkiv and Pereyaslavsky, benefited from the activity of his own printing press, which published various musical works, which ensured the progress of musical art in Chernihiv region and the entire Left Bank Ukraine.

The paper deals with a research of Tort law school development in St. Volodymyr's University – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The purpose of the research is to analyse the development of the Tort law school and to study the main trends and key directions of the development. The author applied lots of different research methods, among which were historical and legal method (for the analysis of the works from the past), analysis and synthesis (for stating the peculiarities of the research approaches in different studies' periods). Also, such methods as philosophy methods (dialectic and hermeneutic), general research methods (systemic and structural-functional), general logic methods (induction and deduction, analogy, abstraction, generalization, formalization, and modelling) were used.
The topic of civil torts was interesting for the researchers from Kyiv University law school any time while the depth of interest and research approaches differed depending on the historical period. Before the revolution of 1917 the researchers mostly looked on the torts as on the type of civil obligation and the reward for damage caused. No one treated the torts from the standpoint of a type of civil liability at that time. The Soviet period of the Tort law School development was characterized by a change of the research vector. The researchers started focusing on civil torts as liability rather than civil obligations. Tort liability is a type of civil liability and the latter is a type of legal liability. That causes a regime when the researchers (some well-known names of that time are: Gennadiy Matveev, Yuriy Matveev, Dina Bobrova, Yaroslavna Shevchenko etc.) mostly analyse civil tort as a civil liability. They focused their attention on the foundations and the conditions of tort liability. Precisely at that time, the theory of "civil wrong compound" as the main foundation of civil liability appeared. Independent Ukraine spawned a new pleiad of researchers whose research interest was civil torts. Modern civil law doctrine started refusing the understanding of civil tort as a type of civil liability. It comes back to the tort as a type of obligation. Moreover, modern researchers look on the tort's issues much wider – through the prism of legal regulation mechanism. Constantly, modern researchers of Taras Shevchenko National University Law School pay great attention to the new topical spheres of torts, particularly to non-pecuniary damage compensation, damage compensation caused by the State and State agencies and product liability together with digital product liability. Keywords: tort, civil liability, damage compensation, history of legal research, scientific school.

The article examines the role and functional importance of the lawyer's involvement in the notarial process, discusses the peculiarities of the lawyer's procedural activity in committing certain groups of notarial proceedings.

Based on the analysis of judicial and notarial practice, the authors consider the issues of registration of the powers of the lawyer who provides representation in the notarial process. The article concludes that it is necessary to eliminate ambiguous understanding of documentary confirmation of the representative's powers. The specifics of participation in the notarial process and the peculiarities of legal regulation for such participation are determined by the nature of procedural formalities in the sphere of the notarial process. The necessity of determining the lawyer's powers in the notarial process on the basis of a power of attorney issubstantiated.

The specifics of the lawyer's activity in the notarial process are proposed to be determined on the basis of two significant aspects: the legal status of the person represented by the lawyer and the nature, complexity, subjectivity of the notarial proceedings.

Since the notarial procedure involves the search for the most favorable, acceptable to the parties options for solving their legal situation, the use of various instruments of legal technique, the negative effects of the lawyer's participation in the dynamics of notarial proceedings areanalyzed.

Particular attention is paid to the functional component of the lawyer's participation in the notarial proceedings in terms of the stage of the notarial process. Based on the analysis of the case law and the practice of notary decrees on the refusal to perform a notarial act, it is concluded that most of the refusals were made on the grounds that could be eliminated or corrected by the applicant. The paper also stipulates the expediency of the lawyer's involvement in the notarial process for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of such a process. The efficiency of the lawyer's participation in the stage of preparation for the execution of the notary proceedings is determined in order to ensure the legal analysis of the documents as should be provided by the applicant for confirmation of one or another legal fact; legal analysis of the grounds for refusal of a notary in committing notarial proceedings; ways of adjusting the course of the notarial process, offering alternatives to solving the legal situation of theperson.

The article highlights the problematic aspects of the personal participation of a person on behalf of and in the name of whom the notarial proceedings are committed. Cases where such participation is mandatory are demonstrated. Based on the research, the authors of the article offer independent conclusions and judgments on the analyzed topics.