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"The seventh edition of this ... textbook analyzes the history, evolution, and processes of national security policies. It examines national security from two fundamental fault lines - the end of the Cold War and the evolution of contemporary terrorism, dating from the 9/11 terrorist attacks and tracing their path up to ISIS and beyond. The book considers how the resulting era of globalization and geopolitics guides policy. Placing these trends in conceptual and historical context and following them through military, semi-military, and non-military concerns, National Security treats its subject as a nuanced and subtle phenomenon that encompasses everything from the global to the individual with the nation at its core. New to the 7th Edition - An assessment of the impact of the Trump presidency on national security and relevant domestic policies, including border security and energy security matters. - The continuing impact and evolution of terrorism as a security problem, with notable emphasis on the decline of IS and what terrorist threats are likely to succeed it. - A description of the cyber security problem with an emphasis on Russian efforts to interfere with the 2016 U.S. presidential election and beyond. - A revised delineation of the geographic and substantive challenges facing the United States in the form of a chapter on "lethal landscapes," emphasizing the rise of China as a global rival and opponent in Asia and an attempt to deal with state aspirants like the Kurds. This book will continue to be highly beneficial to students and scholars working and studying in security studies, military and strategic studies, defence studies, foreign policy, US politics and international relations."

chapter 1. A historical overview -- chapter 2. The organization of national security -- chapter 3. Terrorism -- chapter 4. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq -- chapter 5. Homeland security -- chapter 6. Countries of concern -- chapter 7. Proliferation of weapons -- chapter 8. American civil liberties -- chapter 9. Human and legal rights of detainees -- chapter 10. U.S. relations with the Islamic world.

"Submitted by the Subcommittee on National Security and International Operations (pursuant to S. Res. 311, 91st Cong.) to the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate." ; At head of title: 91st Congress, 2d session. Committee print. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Intro -- NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES. VOLUME 2 -- NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES. VOLUME 2 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A REVIEW OF THE FBI'S USE OF NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS: ASSESSMENT OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS AND EXAMINATION OF NSL USAGE IN 2006 -- LIST OF ACRONYMS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- I. Provisions of the Patriot Act and Patriot Reauthorization Act -- II. Methodology of the OIG Review -- III. Organization of the Report -- IV. Summary of OIG Findings -- 2. STATUS OF THE FBI'S AND DOJ'S CORRECTIVE ACTIONS IN RESPONSE TO THE OIG'S FIRST NSL REPORT -- I. Overview of the FBI's and Department's Corrective Measures -- OIG Findings on the FBI's and Department's Corrective Actions -- II. Status of the FBI's Implementation of the OIG's Recommendations in Our First NSL Report -- Recommendation No. 1 -- Recommendation No. 2 -- Improve the FBI OGC NSL tracking database to ensure that it captures timely, complete, and accurate data on NSLs and NSL requests. -- Recommendation No. 3 -- Recommendation No. 4 -- Recommendation No. 5 -- Consider seeking legislative amendment to the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to define the phrase "telephone toll billing records information." -- Recommendation No. 6 -- Consider measures that would enable FBI agents and analysts to (a) label or tag their use of information derived from national security letters in analytical intelligence products and (b) identify when and how often information derived from NSLs is provided to law enforcement authorities for use in criminal proceedings. -- Recommendation No. 7 -- Take steps to ensure that the FBI does not improperly issue exigent letters. -- Recommendation No. 8 -- Take steps to ensure that, where appropriate, the FBI makes requests for information in accordance with the requirements of national security letter authorities

The National Security Council has several functions in the foreign policy formulation process. NSC is responsible for coordinating interagency policy efforts to assure coherent policy proposals and implementation; for generating policy proposals of its own; and for coordinating policy research projects. NSC also makes sure that proposals mesh with existing U.S. policy. In discharging its responsibilities the NSC staff works closely with officials of the Department of State and other government agencies. Two NSC staff members are concerned with Africa. One covers all countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the other is responsible for the Horn of Africa. These two staff members work closely together on policy questions concerning Somalia, Ethiopia, and Sudan.

The National Security Council has several functions in the foreign policy formulation process. NSC is responsible for coordinating interagency policy efforts to assure coherent policy proposals and implementation; for generating policy proposals of its own; and for coordinating policy research projects. NSC also makes sure that proposals mesh with existing U.S. policy. In discharging its responsibilities the NSC staff works closely with officials of the Department of State and other government agencies. Two NSC staff members are concerned with Africa. One covers all countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the other is responsible for the Horn of Africa. These two staff members work closely together on policy questions concerning Somalia, Ethiopia, and Sudan.

Table of Contents -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- About the Author -- Figures and Tables -- Figures -- Tables -- Abbreviations -- Roadmap to a Hidden World -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- 1: National Security Intelligence -- The importance of national security intelligence -- Mysteries and secrets -- Central themes -- The intelligence missions -- The challenge of intelligence accountability -- This book's purpose -- The multiple dimensions of national security intelligence -- A holistic view of national security intelligence -- Intelligence as a cluster of organizations: the American experience -- Military intelligence agencies -- A flawed plan for U.S. intelligence -- Redesigning the leadership of American intelligence -- A revolving door at the office of the DNI -- A dream still on hold -- Notes -- 2: Intelligence Collection and Analysis -- The intelligence cycle -- Intelligence collection and the "Ints" -- The ongoing quest for better collection and analysis -- Notes -- 3: Covert Action -- Covert action as an intelligence mission -- The implementation of covert action -- The methods of covert action -- The ebb and flow of covert action -- A ladder of escalation for covert action -- Evaluating covert action -- Guidelines for covert action -- Notes -- 4: Counterintelligence -- The proper focus of counterintelligence as an intelligence mission -- The motivations for treason -- Catching spies -- CI tradecraft: security and counterespionage -- Secrecy and the state -- Counterintelligence and accountability -- Notes -- 5: Safeguards against the Abuse of Secret Power -- The evolution of safeguards against intelligence abuse in the United States -- A shock theory of intelligence accountability -- Key issues of intelligence accountability -- The roles played by lawmakers as intelligence supervisors

In this book, top scholars of international relations assess the consequences of globalization for national security, identifying three distinct 'processes' of globalization - the intensification of economic exchange, the flow of information, and marketization (the expansion of the set of social relations governed by market forces)-exploring how they can affect the capacity and power of states as well as conflict within and among them.Though much has been written on the topics of globalization and national security, there has been relatively little in the way of a systematic examination of the impact that globalization has on a state's national security. These essays deal with how state-less actors, such as terrorists, utilize the benefits of globalization, changing the nature of the security game. Failure to account for the influence of globalization will make it increasingly difficult to understand changes in the balance of power, prospects for war, and strategic choices embraced by states

Intro -- ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL SECURITY -- ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL SECURITY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL SECURITY: ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY* -- Summary -- National Security and the Congressional Interest1 -- National Security Strategy -- Twenty-First Century Challenges to National Security -- The Role of the Economy in U.S. National Security5 -- Other Roles of the Economy in National Security -- Macroeconomic Issues in National Security -- The Federal Deficit and Military Spending13 -- Reducing the Federal Budget Deficit30 -- Traditional Microeconomic Issues in National Security -- The Dedicated Defense Industry in the United States35 -- Defense Acquisition and Contracting Processes40 -- The Secretary of Defense's Approach to DOD Business Operations Reform -- Analysis48 -- Base Closures and the Local Impact of Defense Spending49 -- Economic Growth and Broad Conceptions of Security -- Human Capital -- College, K-12, and Early Childhood Education58 -- Context -- Analysis -- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education69 -- Context -- Analysis -- International Education and Exchange84 -- Context -- Analysis -- Immigration103 -- Context -- Analysis -- Research, Innovation, Energy, and Space -- Investing in Research119 -- Context -- Analysis -- Transforming the Energy Economy132 -- Context -- Analysis -- Space Capabilities142 -- Globalization, Trade, Finance, and the G-20 -- Instability in the Global Economy156 -- Savings and Exports162 -- Context -- Analysis -- Boosting Domestic Demand Abroad167 -- The Role of China -- Will China Change its Economic Growth Model? -- Open Foreign Markets to U.S. Products and Services171 -- Analysis -- Trade Enforcement -- Pending FTAs and Negotiations -- New Initiatives -- Alternative Views -- Build Cooperation with International Partners180