Suchergebnisse

Deception has long been an essential component of military operations. It can be considered a tactic as old as warfare, having been used since immemorial times. From Sun Tzu's "Art of War" to the present days, military strategists have recognized its power to turn the tide of conflict. Although, over the years, the methods, means and techniques specific to it have continuously evolved, along with technological developments, its basic principle remains the same: portraying a false reality to the adversary that leads to the materialization of operational opportunities, by causing the adversary to adopt courses of action disadvantageous to him. As the battlefield has become increasingly complex, the ability to deceive the adversary has also become an increasingly important asset to the success of military operations. Today, in an era of instant and abundant information, deception has paradoxically become more difficult to achieve and more critical to operational success. The deceptive action of the Ukrainians at Kherson last September against the Russians once again demonstrated its importance on the modern battlefield. However, many military planners tend to overlook this key aspect of military strategy despite its importance. This oversight can lead to grave consequences in the modern battlefield, where the enemy's ability to gather intelligence can hinder operational success. For this reason, the present paper is an analysis of how deception actions can be integrated into the operational planning process at the operational level in order to maximize the chances of their success and, consequently, the military operation success. The need for such a scientific approach arises from the complexity of the deception process, which places a special emphasis not only on the thoroughness in planning these actions but also on the need to integrate and synchronize them with other military actions.

This paper analyses the voting behavior of all Slovak members of the European Parliament since 2004 when Slovakia entered the EU until June 2022. Scholarly work has shown that MEP's voting behavior is traditionally driven mainly by political party group membership and not by national origin. Nationality still has its importance, however only a secondary one in MEP's voting decisions. Our aim is to identify policy areas where Slovak MEPs tend to vote similarly on a national basis. We applied the agreement index formula on every roll-call vote of the European Parliament during 2004 - 2022 for Slovak MEPs and sort them into policy area categories. Results showed the highest voting cohesion in international trade, budget, and regional development. The lowest voting cohesion was demonstrated in gender equality, petitions, and development. In general, the economic policy areas tend to have higher voting cohesion of Slovak MEPs than other policy areas. This paper opens up a set of questions for further research about the causes of the voting behavior of Slovak MEPs.

Situation of national minorities is analyzed in this final work. Most of modern world states are homogeneous no more for a long time already. That also includes Lithuanian Republic, where there is about 20 per cent of society of non Lithuanian nationality people. The most national minorities in Lithuania and neighbor countries of Latvia and Poland are Russian, Pole, Byelorussian and representatives of other national groups. That is why it is very important those countries to be equally vouched with laws to all citizenry and that effective security policy of national minorities would have been also pursued. The main problem of national minorities is that all legislators often try to delay the enactment of new laws and some adequate institutions are working not so effectively, when political, economical and social conditions change. It is very hard for national minorities to protect one's own rights, because it's difficult to prove the fact of discrimination, moreover, courts are tended to explain the rules, which vouches rights and freedoms, constrictively. The main purpose of this comparison research was to reveal the legal status of present national minorities in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland, to compare enacted rules of those states, which regulate the questions of national minorities and main problems that appear. Finally, the goal was to give recommendations on law and other rules corrections, which could solve those problems. After analyzing the rules of national minorities in neighborhood of Latvia and Poland, we could make a conclusion, that the status of Lithuania's national minorities is fairly regulated by laws, however, there are areas, where it is necessary to fix, improve and initiate new projects of deeds, in order the status of national minorities to be moved on ahead in our society.

Situation of national minorities is analyzed in this final work. Most of modern world states are homogeneous no more for a long time already. That also includes Lithuanian Republic, where there is about 20 per cent of society of non Lithuanian nationality people. The most national minorities in Lithuania and neighbor countries of Latvia and Poland are Russian, Pole, Byelorussian and representatives of other national groups. That is why it is very important those countries to be equally vouched with laws to all citizenry and that effective security policy of national minorities would have been also pursued. The main problem of national minorities is that all legislators often try to delay the enactment of new laws and some adequate institutions are working not so effectively, when political, economical and social conditions change. It is very hard for national minorities to protect one's own rights, because it's difficult to prove the fact of discrimination, moreover, courts are tended to explain the rules, which vouches rights and freedoms, constrictively. The main purpose of this comparison research was to reveal the legal status of present national minorities in Lithuania, Latvia and Poland, to compare enacted rules of those states, which regulate the questions of national minorities and main problems that appear. Finally, the goal was to give recommendations on law and other rules corrections, which could solve those problems. After analyzing the rules of national minorities in neighborhood of Latvia and Poland, we could make a conclusion, that the status of Lithuania's national minorities is fairly regulated by laws, however, there are areas, where it is necessary to fix, improve and initiate new projects of deeds, in order the status of national minorities to be moved on ahead in our society.

"The military measures established by the Paris Peace Treaty of 10 February 1947 considerably diminished the Romanian Armed Forces combat capacity. The international diplomatic document stipulated that the armed forces should not exceed 138,000 troops, the number of military aircraft was reduced to 150, of which 100 were fighter jets, and the Navy was forbidden to have submarines and torpedoes in the inventory. Moreover, the Navy could be staffed with a maximum of 5,000 people, and the value of the total tonnage of the ships could not exceed 15,000 TDW. Starting in 1948, the Romanian People's Republic Armed Forces were reorganised, in compliance with the impositions of the Allied Control Commission (Soviet Party) and the provisions of the Paris Peace Treaty. In this context, the Navy, together with the Navy Command as a higher echelon, had a new organisation, which also took into account the budgetary problems Romania had to face after the Second World War."

Худолій Ю.С. Використання інфляційного таргетування, як інструменту забезпечення фінансової безпеки країни / Ю.С. Худолій, О.І. Василенко, А.В. Шклярук // Економіка і організація управління: зб. наук. праць ДонНУ. – 2016. – № 1 (21). – С. 212 – 218. ; У статті обґрунтовано доцільності застосування інфляційного таргетування як інструменту забезпечення фінансової безпеки в Україні на основі міжнародного досвіду. Висвітлено структуру національної безпеки України та виокремлено фінансову безпеку як окрему складову економічної. Проаналізовано зміни в показниках рівня інфляції та середнього доходу населення України за останні 10 років. Авторами досліджено результати та наслідки запровадження інфляційного таргетування в Польщі, Угорщині та Чехії. Визначено, що перевагами запровадження режиму інфляційного таргетування в України, виходячи з аналізу досвіду європейських країн, можуть стати: зниження інфляційних очікувань населення, співпраця Національного банку України та населення, забезпечення гнучкої валютно-курсової політики центрального банку, створення сприятливих умов для розвитку всіх секторів і галузей економіки. Зроблено висновок, що виходячи з досвіду зарубіжних країн інфляційне таргетування є «рятівним кругом» економіки. Уведення інфляційного таргетування надасть перші результати покращення фінансової безпеки не через 2 чи 5 років, за умов нинішнього показника інфляції та стану економіки в цілому можна очікувати результативної віддачі у період 10, а то й 15 років. Обґрунтовано вплив інфляційного таргетування на фінансову безпеку та доцільність використання відповідного фінансового інструмента в українській економіці. Доведено, що запровадження інструменту інфляційного таргетування зможе стати основною передумовою зниження рівня інфляції лише у тому випадку, якщо попередньо будуть проведені якісні зміни економічної, фінансової, політичної та соціальної сфер вітчизняної економіки. ; The article proves the practicability of applying the inflation targeting as a tool for the Ukrainian financial security enforcement based on the international experience. It shows the structure of the Ukrainian national security system and the financial security as a separate part of the economical one. The authors analyses the changes in the inflation rate and per capita income for the last ten years. The authors have researched the results and the consequences of the inflation targeting implementation in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. It is reported that according to the analysis of the European countries, the benefits of the inflation targeting implementation in Ukraine can be the next: the decrease in the inflation expectations of the population, their cooperation with The National Bank of Ukraine, providing the flexible exchange rate policy of the central bank, creating favorable conditions for the development of all the economy sectors. The following conclusion is drawn: from the foreign countries practice the inflation targeting is essential for the economy recovery. The implementation of the inflation targeting will give the first results on the financial security improvements not in two or five years. Because of the present inflation rate and economical conditions the positive results can be expected in 10 or even 15 years. The article justifies the influence of the inflation targeting on the financial security and practicability of this financial tool applying to the Ukrainian economy. It is proved that the inflation targeting implementation could be the main reason for the inflation rate decrease only in the case of quality changes in economical, financial, political and social fields of the national economy.

Scientific and professional community, and political subjects, both at national and at the international level have a unique position that organized crime is now one of the most dangerous security threats. However, such consent does not exist in terms of conceptual determination, identification, dimensions and of choice of methods to counter organized crime. The first part of this article describes the main trends in the conceptual definition of organized crime, social and political context of the use of this term and the subjects who have contributed to it becoming one of the main concepts of modern scientific and professional discussions about crime. The second part indicates the dynamics of organized crime as a security threat in the territory of Europe, and the last part presents and analyzes the development of organized crime in Serbia and attitudes of scientists and experts, political entities and state bodies and institutions towards this phenomenon. ; Naučna i stručna javnost, ali i politički subjekti, kako na nacionalnom tako i na međunarodnom planu, imaju jedinstven stav da organizovani kriminal danas predstavlja jednu od najozbiljnijih bezbednosnih pretnji. Međutim, takva saglasnost ne postoji u pogledu pojmovnog određivanja, identifikovanja, razmera i izbora metoda za suprotstavljanje organizovanom kriminalu. U prvom delu rada predstavljeni su osnovni trendovi u pojmovnom definisanju organizovanog kriminala, društveni i politički kontekst upotrebe ovog pojma i akteri koji su doprineli da on postane jedan od glavnih koncepata savremene naučne i stručne diskusije o kriminalu. Drugi deo rada ukazuje na dinamiku razvoja organizovanog kriminala kao bezbednosne pretnje na području Evrope, a poslednji deo prikazuje i analizira razvoj organizovanog kriminala u Srbiji i odnos naučne i stručne javnosti, političkih subjekata i državnih organa i institucija prema ovom fenomenu.

Überarbeitung eines Papiers für die Konferenz "Sicherheit und Geheimdienste in Südafrika nach der Aparheid" (Institute for Strategic Studies, Pretoria 19.08.1992). Der Verfasser skizziert die Entwicklung südafrikanischer Geheimdienste seit dem Austritt aus dem Commonwealth 1961, vor allem das National Security Management System (NSMS). Er erwähnt allgemeine Überlegungen zum Thema in westlichen Staaten, besonders in USA und Kanada; er stellt fest, daß Literatur über Interventionen westlicher Geheimdienste in Afrika existiert, jedoch wenig über die Geheimdienste afrikanischer Regierungen bekannt ist. Für die Zukunft Südafrikas geht er von den Policy Guidelines des ANC (Mai 1992) aus und folgert, daß Geheimdienste künftig durch "institutionalisiertes öffentliches Mißtrauen" gezügelt und kritischer Diskussion ausgesetzt sein müssen, u.a. durch überproportionale Vertretungen von Oppositionsparteien in parlamentarischen Kontrollgremien. Der Beitrag enthält zahlreiche Verweise auf südafrikanische und internationale Literatur. (APAF-Ans)

"In November 2000, the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (FCSM) convened the seminar "Integrating Federal Statistical Information and Practices" to foster a greater awareness of the importance of integrating statistical information issued by different Federal agencies. Disability statistics was one of a dozen cross-cutting subject matter areas that were discussed at the FCSM seminar. This publication contains the proceedings of the session on "Integrating Comparable Measures of Disability In Federal Surveys." The first part of this publication describes programs that count people with disabilities in surveys of four Federal statistical agencies: the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Social Security Administration, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. The second part of this publication contains the remarks of the sessions' two discussants. They recognize the significant progress made by the four Federal agencies in developing survey disability measures responsive to their own agency needs but conclude that by mandate or purpose of the data collection, the disability measures differ significantly between agencies and interagency integration of disability statistics will be difficult. The discussants propose research and funding strategies to improve disability measurement integration among Federal statistical agencies" - p. iv ; M.G. Sirken. ; "July 2002." ; Also available via Internet from the NCHS website. Address as of 8/15/02: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr%5F04/sr04%5F032.pdf ; current access available via PURL. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Sirken MG. Integrating measurements of disability in Federal surveys: Seminar proceedings. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 4(32). 2002.

Following 5 years of systemic research exploring the efficacy and impact of Sure Start Local Programmes, this book pulls together, in a single volume, the results of the extensive National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS).

Today, more and more geospatial services are provided by the governments and enterprises to share various geographic information data and functions, and services-based application integration has become a trend. However, many problems existed in the geo-platform for Geographic information sharing while providing services in the form of API, such as the coexistence of different versions of the same service, similar service routes of different APIs, cluttered service protocols, and complex authority management, that makes the integration among different geographic information services difficult and reduces the development efficiency. There are already some API gateway technologies to solve the problem, but the characteristics of geospatial services are not considered in the existing product. To address these problems, this paper proposed a high-currency geospatial service gateway system for National Geo-Information Service Platform based on the opensource framework of Kong for realizing the unified management and authorized open. The system provides the whole lifecycle management and fine-grained control for the service, and the functions such as unified geospatial service access, protocol conversion, service management, authorization verification, rate limiting, and security protection are also equipped. The system has been released and integrated in the National Geo-Information Service Platform, supporting hundreds of millions of service invocation every day. The result proves it simplifies geospatial services management, deployment, and application, and benefits the exchanging and sharing of geographic information.

Today, more and more geospatial services are provided by the governments and enterprises to share various geographic information data and functions, and services-based application integration has become a trend. However, many problems existed in the geo-platform for Geographic information sharing while providing services in the form of API, such as the coexistence of different versions of the same service, similar service routes of different APIs, cluttered service protocols, and complex authority management, that makes the integration among different geographic information services difficult and reduces the development efficiency. There are already some API gateway technologies to solve the problem, but the characteristics of geospatial services are not considered in the existing product. To address these problems, this paper proposed a high-currency geospatial service gateway system for National Geo-Information Service Platform based on the opensource framework of Kong for realizing the unified management and authorized open. The system provides the whole lifecycle management and fine-grained control for the service, and the functions such as unified geospatial service access, protocol conversion, service management, authorization verification, rate limiting, and security protection are also equipped. The system has been released and integrated in the National Geo-Information Service Platform, supporting hundreds of millions of service invocation every day. The result proves it simplifies geospatial services management, deployment, and application, and benefits the exchanging and sharing of geographic information.

Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in the Context of Academic Mentoring: Recounting Experiences with Professor Victor Ojakorotu of the North West University, South Africa / Kelechi Johnmary Ani & Kayode Esuola -- Third Term Syndrome in Africa and the Recurrence of Conflict in Burundi / Chijioke Francis Onyebukwa -- Globalization and Violent University Students' Demonstrations in Africa / Kelechi Johnmary Ani & Gabriel T. Wose Kinge -- International Trade and Economic Growth Review: Focus on Openness, Endowment and Import Substitution / Nwadike Gerald C., D. I. Ajaegbo & Otu Akanu Otu -- Engendering Home-Bred Dimension to Peacekeeping: Focus on African Union Mission in Somalia and United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur / Prince Gontse Motaung & Norman Sempijja -- Insecurity and the Feasibility of Democratic Governance in West Africa / Olugbemiga Samuel Afolabi & Harrison Adewale Idowu -- Central African Republic Crisis and the Role of the Economic Community of Central African States in Peacekeeping / Jolade Omede, Arinze Ngwube & Monday Felix-Chukwu -- Countering Terrorism Financing in Africa: the Nigerian Perspective of Dirty Money Riddance Strategy / Friday E. Nkwede -- Diversification of Language in Gen 11:1-9: Implications for Cross Cultural Missions in Africa / Emmanuel Metu Egbule -- Exploring the Role of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's Governance: Focus on Women's Political Participation / Hazel Tomodi & Norman Sempijja -- Across the Indian Ocean: Interrogating Nigeria and Asian Connections in Historical Perspective / Timothy Chibuike Anyanwu -- Colonial Rule and The Development of Post-Independence Senegalese And Cote D'ivoire Historiography / Odo, Angela Ogochukwu -- Childhood and Youth challenges in Africa: the Nigerian experience / Ebere Florence Nnanwube & Chinedu H. Joseph -- Godfatherism and Societal Transformation within the context of Developing Democratic Politics: Reflections on Lagos State, Nigeria / Kayode-Eesuola, Akin Fela & Eesuola, Olukayode Segun -- The Nigerian National Policy On Micro, Small And Medium-Scale Enterprises / Ebere Florence Nnanwube & & Igbo Kenneth Nwokike.