Suchergebnisse

La següent investigació aborda les estratègies per al desenvolupament de Xile des de la mirada de l'elit política i econòmica. Per aconseguir donar resposta a això, va ser necessari comprendre dos processos: el primer correspon a la constitució de l'elit, principalment des del pensament de Pierre Bourdieu, el qual ens permet comprendre principalment la conformació de l'habitus dels agents i la interacció d'aquests en els camps que, en el nostre cas específic correspon als camps de la política i l'economia. El segon procés correspon a l'aspecte teòric del desenvolupament en el qual es pot apreciar que no existeix una teoria pura del desenvolupament, sinó més aviat, que aquesta es troba inscrita en un procés no exempt de conflicte entre els camps que es van construint històricament, és per aquest motiu que a la secció de teories del desenvolupament s'aborden quatre grans moviments en els quals ha transitat la discussió respecte al desenvolupament d'una nació subdesenvolupada, amb això ens referim principalment a les teories de la modernització, la dependència, el neoliberalisme i el neoestructuralisme. ; La siguiente investigación aborda las estrategias para el desarrollo de Chile desde la mirada de élite política y económica. Para lograr dar respuesta a esto, fue necesario comprender dos procesos: el primero corresponde a la constitución de la élite, principalmente desde el pensamiento de Pierre Bourdieu, el cual nos permite comprender principalmente la conformación del habitus de los agentes y la interacción de estos en los campos que, en nuestro caso específico correspondiente a los campos de la política y la economía. El segundo proceso corresponde el aspecto teórico del desarrollo en el cual se puede apreciar que no existe una teoría pura del desarrollo, sino más bien, que esta se encuentra inscrita en un proceso no exento de conflicto entre los campos que se van construyendo históricamente, es por este motivo que en la sección de teorías del desarrollo se abordan cuatro grandes movimientos en los cuales ha transitado la discusión respecto al desarrollo de una nación subdesarrollada, con esto nos referimos principalmente a las teorías de la modernización, la dependencia, el neoliberalismo y el neoestructuralismo. ; The following research covers strategies for the development of Chile from a political and economic perspective. In order to provide a response to this, it was necessary to understand two processes: the first refers to the establishment of an elite; mainly along the lines of the thoughts of Pierre Bourdieu, which enables us, mainly, to comprehend the makeup of the habitus of the agents and their interaction in those fields which, in our specific case, touches upon those concerning politics and the economy. The second process refers to the theoretic aspect of the development, where it can be observed that there is no such thing as a pure development theory. Rather, this lies within a process that is not devoid of conflict between the fields that are being built historically. It is for this reason that in the section on development theories, four large movements are tackled in which a discourse has evolved regarding the development of an under-developed nation and with this we refer mostly to the theories of modernization, dependency, neo-liberalism and neo-structuralism.

En este trabajo analizaremos el proyecto neodesarrollista en Argentina iniciado en 2002, luego de la crisis del neoliberalismo. Presentaremos críticamente sus fundamento de economía política que remiten al neoestructuralismo. Discutiremos la ausencia de una perspectiva de clase en ese proyecto y su fundamento teórico. Mostraremos como esa ausente conduce a limitaciones para comprender la dinámica concreta del proyecto neodesarrollista, sus barreras y límites. Para ello presentaremos una discusión crítica de los supuestos neoestructuralistas y analizaremos el desempeño empírico del proyecto neodesarrolllista en Argentina. Concluiremos con algunos elementos de lo que podría ser una alternativa desde la perspectiva de la clase trabajadora ; In this article we will analyze the neodevelopmentalist project in Argentina, that begun after the crisis of neoliberalism. We will critically present its political economy foundations that are tied to neoestructuralism. We will discuss the absence of a class perspective in neodevelopmentalism and in its theoretical foundations. We will show how such an absence turns into limitations to comprehend the concrete dynamics of the neodevelopmentalism project, its barriers and limits. To that aim we will present a critical discussion of the neostructuralist suppositions and we will analyze the empirical record of neodevelopmentalism in Argentina. We will conclude with some elements of what might be an alternative from the perspective of the working class ; Fil: Féliz, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

En este trabajo analizaremos el proyecto neodesarrollista en Argentina iniciado en 2002, luego de la crisis del neoliberalismo. Presentaremos críticamente sus fundamento de economía política que remiten al neoestructuralismo. Discutiremos la ausencia de una perspectiva de clase en ese proyecto y su fundamento teórico. Mostraremos como esa ausente conduce a limitaciones para comprender la dinámica concreta del proyecto neodesarrollista, sus barreras y límites. Para ello presentaremos una discusión crítica de los supuestos neoestructuralistas y analizaremos el desempeño empírico del proyecto neodesarrolllista en Argentina. Concluiremos con algunos elementos de lo que podría ser una alternativa desde la perspectiva de la clase trabajadora ; In this article we will analyze the neodevelopmentalist project in Argentina, that begun after the crisis of neoliberalism. We will critically present its political economy foundations that are tied to neoestructuralism. We will discuss the absence of a class perspective in neodevelopmentalism and in its theoretical foundations. We will show how such an absence turns into limitations to comprehend the concrete dynamics of the neodevelopmentalism project, its barriers and limits. To that aim we will present a critical discussion of the neostructuralist suppositions and we will analyze the empirical record of neodevelopmentalism in Argentina. We will conclude with some elements of what might be an alternative from the perspective of the working class ; Fil: Féliz, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

En este trabajo analizaremos el proyecto neodesarrollista en Argentina iniciado en 2002, luego de la crisis del neoliberalismo. Presentaremos críticamente sus fundamento de economía política que remiten al neoestructuralismo. Discutiremos la ausencia de una perspectiva de clase en ese proyecto y su fundamento teórico. Mostraremos como esa ausente conduce a limitaciones para comprender la dinámica concreta del proyecto neodesarrollista, sus barreras y límites. Para ello presentaremos una discusión crítica de los supuestos neoestructuralistas y analizaremos el desempeño empírico del proyecto neodesarrolllista en Argentina. Concluiremos con algunos elementos de lo que podría ser una alternativa desde la perspectiva de la clase trabajadora ; In this article we will analyze the neodevelopmentalist project in Argentina, that begun after the crisis of neoliberalism. We will critically present its political economy foundations that are tied to neoestructuralism. We will discuss the absence of a class perspective in neodevelopmentalism and in its theoretical foundations. We will show how such an absence turns into limitations to comprehend the concrete dynamics of the neodevelopmentalism project, its barriers and limits. To that aim we will present a critical discussion of the neostructuralist suppositions and we will analyze the empirical record of neodevelopmentalism in Argentina. We will conclude with some elements of what might be an alternative from the perspective of the working class ; Fil: Féliz, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

Le document synthétise les différentes approches théoriques d'une dévaluation en faisant ressortir la spécificité des pays en voie de développement. La conclusion majeure est que dans le cas de ces derniers, les conditions théoriques requises sont rarement remplies. En conséquence, la dévaluation est toujours un pari risqué sur l'avenir dont la dynamique doit être soutenue par une analyse rigoureuse du contexte économique et social du pays sous-revue préalablement à toute modification de parité et ensuite des limites naturelles des politiques d'accompagnement jugées pertinentes par les grands bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Il apparaît dans ce cadre que les modifications de parité ne peuvent à terme assurer ni une croissance sociale, ni une croissance rentable. (Résumé d'auteur)

"Left Governments and Social Movements in Latin America" published on by Oxford University Press.

1. Introduction: toward semiotic sociology and social theory -- 2. A synthesis of semiology, semiotics and phenomenological sociology -- 3. Economy and society in semiotic institutionalism -- 4. Power and signification in neostructuralism -- 5. Modernity and the intersemiotic condition -- 6. Modernity, postmodernity and reflexive modernization -- 7. Modernity and the articulation of the gender system -- 8. Gender as an institution -- 9. From Goffman to semiotic sociology -- 10. Conclusion and the next steps.

Resumo – Este artigo explicita a afinidade entre o pensamento neoestruturalista da Cepal e o neoliberalismo, tendo como foco o papel do Estado na acumulação capitalista em face à crise estrutural do capital. O objetivo é trazer os principais elementos teóricos do pensamento estruturalista clássico da Cepal para demonstrar que o neoestruturalismo não se constitui em alternativa ao neoliberalismo. O Estado é acionado para estabelecer a primazia do mercado na definição do desenvolvimento, no sentido de fazer com que as regulações referentes à legislação trabalhista e os direitos sociais sejam reduzidas, em sintonia com as contrarreformas em curso. O programa neoestruturalista não produz enfrentamentos às medidas regressivas que acirram a barbarização da vida social, o que sugere a mobilização de forças sociais para a construção coletiva de um programa de esquerda, de transição para outra sociabilidade. Palavras-Chave: Cepal; neoliberalismo; neoestruturalismo; contrarreforma; Estado. Abstract – This article explores the affinity between neoestructuralist thinking of ECLAC and neoliberalism, focusing on the role of the state in capitalist accumulation in face of the structural capital crisis. Its goal is to bring the main theoretical elements of classical estructural thinking of ECLAC to demonstrate that neostructuralism does not constitute an alternative to neoliberalism. The state is called upon to establish the defining role of the market primacy in development, in order to ensure that regulations regarding labor legislation and social rights are reduced, in tune with current counter-reformations. The neoestructuralist program does not produce confrontations with regressive measures that aggravate the barbarization of social life, which suggests the mobilization of social forces for the collective construction of a left-wing program, in transition to another type of sociability. Keywords: ECLAC; neoliberalism; neostructuralism; counter-reformation; State.

This article explores the relationship between the agrarian and national questions. It is argued that the ambiguities and gaps in the developmental theories after the Second World War have been progressively unveiled by the more successful processes of capitalist development of the twentieth century, which combined sustainable economic growth, reduction of social inequalities and improvement of political institutions with the progressive inclusion of the working masses. The relevance of the relation between the agrarian and the national questions was often obscured in prescriptive theories, but came to be anticipated in some of them, providing heuristic tools for the development of new projects and new utopias. The article interrogates one of these analysts, Fernando Fajnzylber, key ideologue of the neostructuralism in Latin America, with regard to his vision on development, an explicitly knowledge-based one, and much more rural-based than assumed by the old ECLA structuralism.

ABSTRACT The idea that states should take on an enhanced role in the pursuit of development is once again becoming increasingly pronounced in the global South. In Latin America, the 'return of the state' is associated with neostructuralism or post‐neoliberalism and the rise of the New Left. Post‐neoliberal projects of governance seek to retain elements of the previous export‐led growth model whilst introducing new mechanisms for social inclusion and welfare. In addition to being a project of growth based on exports and expanded social spending, post‐neoliberalism has a distinctive political character. This article explores the pillars of the new governance project, emphasizing the citizenship claims associated with it, along with some of the tensions that arise from export‐dependent growth, budget limitations, a weak tax base and the difficulties of managing enhanced social expectations. In making their argument, the authors draw on the examples of Bolivia, Ecuador and Argentina.

The role of the State in the promotion of the economic growth and better income distribution is the main topic of this article. A heterodox model that takes into account different hypothesis, from neokeynesianism, neomarxism and neoestructuralism is analyzed. It shows the relationship between politics and economics, relation that the neoliberal tradition hides since many years ago. The main conclusion is that the State must fight for the implementation of new models of economic and social development in countries like Mexico with high social development deficit. ; El artículo aborda la relación entre la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico en términos generales, con énfasis al caso de México, desde diferentes puntos de vista teóricos. Plantea un modelo de interpretación heterodoxo partiendo de hipótesis neokeynesianas, neomarxistas y neoestructuralistas. Señala la estrecha relación que existe entre la política y la economía, relación que la corriente neoliberal ha tratado de separar desde hace mucho tiempo. Propone al Estado como el impulsor de nuevos modelos de desarrollo económicos y sociales para países como México con un alto déficit de desarrollo social.

The Chilean governance model of resource extraction challenges the view that post-neoliberalism is an opposing development model rejecting the Washington Consensus, which is constitutive of neoliberal governance. Instead, post-neoliberalism is continuity with change, where marketised governance in mining is maintained by the Chilean state yet certain policy agendas are introduced in response to the failures of staunchly private sector-driven development. Neostructuralism follows the logic of productivism, which emphasise the depoliticisation of copper management and the political exclusion of voices critical of the model. However, it breaks away from the typical mode of neoliberalism because there exist political spaces for contestation of copper policy, particularly through the re-regulation of labour practices and the passage of royalty law to address Chile's vulnerabilities to external factors affecting copper production. The article contributes to the understanding of continuities and changes in post-neoliberal Latin America by unpacking the elements of natural resource governance in one of the most widely cited successful cases of a mining-based development model in the developing world. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- HANDBOOK OF SEMIOTICS -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- I. History and Classics of Modern Semiotics -- History of Semiotics -- Peirce -- Morris -- Saussure -- Hjelmslev -- Jakobson -- II. Sign and Meaning -- Sign -- Meaning, Sense, and Reference -- Semantics and Semiotics -- Typology of Signs: Sign, Signal, Index -- Symbol -- Icon and Iconicity -- Metaphor -- Information -- III. Semiosis, Code, and the Semiotic Field -- Zoosemiotics, Ethology, and Semiogenesis -- Communication and Semiosis -- Function -- Magic -- Structure -- System -- Code -- Teaching -- IV. Language and Language-Based Codes -- Verbal Communication: Introduction -- Language in a Semiotic Frame -- Arbitrariness and Motivation: The Language Sign -- Paralanguage -- Writing -- Universal Language -- Sign Language -- Language Substitutes -- V. From Structuralism to Text Semiotics: Schools and Major Figures -- Introduction -- Structuralism, Poststructuralism, and Neostructuralism -- Russian Formalism, Prague School, Soviet Semiotics -- Barthes's Text Semiotics -- Greimas's Structural Semantics and Text Semiotic Project -- Kristeva's Semanalysis -- Eco -- VI. Text Semiotics: The Field -- Text Semiotics: Introduction -- Hermeneutics and Exegesis -- Rhetoric and Stylistics -- Literature -- Poetry and Poeticalness -- Theater and Drama -- Narrative -- Myth -- Ideology -- Theology -- VII. Nonverbal Communication -- Nonverbal Communication: Introduction -- Gesture, "Body Language," and Kinesics -- Facial Signals -- Gaze -- Tactile Communication -- Proxemics: The Semiotics of Space -- Chronemics: The Semiotics of Time -- VIII. Aesthetics and Visual Communication -- Aesthetics -- Music -- Architecture -- Objects -- Image -- Painting -- Photography -- Film -- Comics -- Advertising -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND TERMS -- INDEX OF NAMES.

<p>Neste artigo, exploro a genealogia da contribuição crucial que os cientistas sociais latino-americanos fizeram para os estudos de desenvolvimento durante a segunda metade do século XX. Os estruturalistas contestaram a teoria convencional do comércio internacional, que havia sido proposta pelos teóricos do norte. Os teóricos da dependência criticaram as interpretações ortodoxas do subdesenvolvimento, como as propostas pelos teóricos da modernização, também principalmente do Norte. Aponto duas vertentes da teoria da dependência. Uma emergiu do processo de autocrítica de estruturalistas, e a outra teve suas raízes no marxismo crítico. Com o surgimento do neoliberalismo, alguns estruturalistas de dependência desenvolveram o neoestruturalismo, enquanto alguns dependentistas marxistas desenvolveram a teoria do sistema mundial. As idéias de pensadores estruturalistas e de dependência geraram debates acirrados, capazes de desafiar suas teorias ortodoxas, centradas no Norte, e de propor uma teoria alternativa do desenvolvimento do Sul.</p><p>THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO CRITICAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY </p><p>In this article I explore the genealogy of the crucial contribution which Latin American social scientists made to development studies during the second half of the twentieth century. The structuralists, through their centre-periphery paradigm, disputed the conventional theory of international trade which had been proposed the theorists from the North. In turn, dependency theorists critiqued the orthodox interpretations of underdevelopment, such as those proposed by modernization theorists, also mainly from the North. It is important to distinguish between two strands within dependency theory. One emerged from a process of self-criticism by structuralists and the other had its roots in critical Marxism. With the rise of neoliberalism some dependency structuralists developed neostructuralism while some Marxist dependentistas developed worldsystem theory. The ideas of structuralist and dependency thinkers generated fierce debates. They were able to challenge their orthodox and Northerncentric theories and propose an alternative critical theory of development from the South.</p><p>Keywords: Structuralism. Internal colonialism. Marginality. Dependency theory. Neostructuralisms.</p><p>LES CONTRIBUTIONS DE L'AMÉRIQUE LATINE À LA THÉORIE CRITIQUE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT</p><p>Dans cet article, j'explore la généalogie de la contribution cruciale que les chercheurs en sciences sociales d'Amérique latine ont apportée aux études sur le développement au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Les structuralistes ont contesté la théorie conventionnelle du commerce international qui avait été proposée aux théoriciens du Nord. Les théoriciens de la dépendance ont critiqué les interprétations orthodoxes du sous-développement, telles que celles proposées par les théoriciens de la modernisation, aussi principalement du Nord. Il est important de distinguer deux volets dans la théorie de la dépendance. L'un a émergé d'un processus d'autocritique par les structuralistes et l'autre a ses racines dans le marxisme critique. Avec la montée du néolibéralisme, certains structuralistes dépendants ont développé le néostructuralisme tandis que certains dépendantistes marxistes ont développé la théorie du système mondial. Les idées des penseurs structuralistes et dépendants ont suscité de vifs débats.</p><p>Mots clés: Structuralisme. Colonialisme interne. Marginalité. Théorie de la dépendance. Néostructuralisme.</p>

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Figures and tables -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Critical Development Studies: An Introduction -- 1 Introduction to Critical Development Studies: Four Characteristics With Illustrations From Seven Decades -- Notes -- References -- Part I History as Development -- 2 Unravelling the Canvas of History -- Origins of the Development Agenda -- The Development Project Takes Shape -- The Right to Development -- The Nation-State, Capitalism, and Development -- The Financialisation of Development and the Global Financial Crisis -- From Global Crisis to a Reconfiguration of International Power Relations -- Note -- References -- Part II Thinking Critically About Development -- Questions for Discussion -- 3 Critical Development Theory: Results and Prospects -- Marx and Development -- Leninism and Development -- Socialism and Underdevelopment -- Postdevelopment -- References -- 4 Race In/and Development -- Race: What's Development Got to do with it? -- Development: What's Race Got to do with it? -- The 'White Gaze of Development' -- Excavating Robinson's 'Racial Capitalism' -- Haiti as a Prototypical Case Study of Racial Capitalism -- Mainstreaming Race as an Anti-Racist Agenda for Development -- References -- 5 Development Theory: The Latin American Pivot -- Structuralist Theory of Development -- Dependency Theory -- Neostructuralism and Alternative Development -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Postdevelopment and Other Critiques of Development -- Postdevelopment as Critique -- Postdevelopment as a Space for Alternatives -- Reactions and Constancy in Relation to Postdevelopment -- Rethinking Critical Development Studies -- Levels of Critical Development Studies.