Suchergebnisse

The article aims to examine the role of non-farm actors and environmental interest groups in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). It uses policy networks as an analytical tool to understand the structure, dynamics and outcomes of the EU's agricultural decision-making processes. Both locations of actors in the CAP policy structures and interaction modes between actors are examined. Also, the role of networks in shaping the CAP's reform decisions is assessed. The article shows that non-farm actors, and specifically environmentalists, researchers and other agents interested in major CAP reforms, have limited influence on final policy outcomes. At the same time though it has been found that non-farm actors play an increasingly important role in framing the CAP policy debate. They form active and vocal issue networks that impinge upon initial stages of the agenda setting phase in the policy cycle process. Also, the EU institutions become more and more dependent on non-farm actors' expertise when it comes to policy evaluation. Although the pro-reform approach of these actors is clearly noticeable, it is still too small to bring more than incremental changes within the policy

The article aims to examine the role of non-farm actors and environmental interest groups in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). It uses policy networks as an analytical tool to understand the structure, dynamics and outcomes of the EU's agricultural decision-making processes. Both locations of actors in the CAP policy structures and interaction modes between actors are examined. Also, the role of networks in shaping the CAP's reform decisions is assessed. The article shows that non-farm actors, and specifically environmentalists, researchers and other agents interested in major CAP reforms, have limited influence on final policy outcomes. At the same time though it has been found that non-farm actors play an increasingly important role in framing the CAP policy debate. They form active and vocal issue networks that impinge upon initial stages of the agenda setting phase in the policy cycle process. Also, the EU institutions become more and more dependent on non-farm actors' expertise when it comes to policy evaluation. Although the pro-reform approach of these actors is clearly noticeable, it is still too small to bring more than incremental changes within the policy

The purpose of our research was to analyse the influence of social networks on the perception of the war in Ukraine as well as on the course of the struggle in the information field. Today, social networks have become one of the main trendsetters, therefore, to effectively fight against disinformation and enemy information attacks, it is necessary to understand not only the specifics of their audience's perception of information but also to be well-versed in the specifics of the content generated by social media. For this purpose, we used the comparative method, monitoring, and content analysis. In the article, we give examples of ethical dilemmas that Russia can use to its advantage in the war against Ukraine. For example, social media policies prohibit the posting of sensitive content. This does not allow telling the whole truth about the war, as a result of which not everyone understands the depth of the tragedy. Thanks to this, the world's reaction to Russia's criminal actions is not as harsh as it could be. Our research was an attempt not only to outline the problem but also to propose ways to solve it. It is clear that media and ethics are inseparable, but at the same time, it is necessary to understand that ethics cannot hide the truth. In future studies, it is worth investigating more deeply the ethical norms of the coverage of sensitive content, especially about war. Perhaps it would be worthwhile indicating the situations that allow departure from the general rules.

The network of hospitals was implemented by an amendment of healthcare services financed from public funds. The act was introduced on 1st October 2017. The goals of the new organization of healthcare were not written directly in in the law or in the justification of the draft bill. It is supposed that the Ministry of Health planned through these changes to strengthen public hospitals and limit competition of public financing for private hospitals. The aim of the article is to stress the role of public policy in programming law changes in the future. The implementation of the science of public policy could improve the quality of the Polish law in the healthcare system.

The article is an attempt to trace the changes taking place in vocational education in Poland, paying special attention to the possibilities of local and regional activities supporting vocational education. The conclusions presented in the text result from the author's expert experience related to the implementation of projects to support vocational education. The presented model of support for vocational education is currently carried out by the Bialystok Human Resources Training Foundation in the city of Białystok and Białystok Poviat as the Competence Centre of the Białystok Functional Area. The experience in the implementation of the project and its effectiveness is so universal that the project will be implemented throughout the Podlasie Voivodeship. It can also be a model for local government units running vocational schools.

"Artykuły zaprezentowane w monografii są odpowiedzią na sytuację, jaka zaistniała w związku z pandemią COVID-19 i jej konsekwencjami odnoszącymi się zarówno do obecności technologii informatycznych we wszystkich obszarach życia społecznego, jak i powszechności ich wykorzystania. Celem publikacji jest więc zobrazowanie złożoności i dynamiki zachodzących procesów wirtualizacji życia społecznego i ich wpływu na funkcjonowanie osób z niepełnosprawnościami, także z uwzględnieniem ostatnich wydarzeń związanych ze światową epidemią. Poszczególne rozdziały książki koncentrują się m.in. na: sposobach wykorzystania Internetu przez osoby z niepełnosprawnościami, edukacji online i kompetencjach cyfrowych osób z niepełnosprawnościami, wirtualnej aktywności obywatelskiej oraz aktywności społecznej i politycznej osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Istotny nacisk został też położony na wymiar aplikacyjny przygotowywanych tekstów. Publikacja łączy w sobie zarówno cechy opracowania naukowego, opartego na badaniach własnych poszczególnych autorów, jak i wnioski mające charakter rekomendacji."--

Economic Aspects of the Internet : the Rise of the Commercial Foundations of the WebThe article describes the Internet and the crucial conflict in expectations as regards common convictions which emphasize the social view of the Web. Such views are very popular and as a result they bring the great vision of the Internet as a new public space which demands democratic civil rights for example. In this situation inevitably a conflict emerges between this vision and the business which treats the Internet as its natural environment. The article describes the very beginnings of the Internet and the early phase of this conflict, which has existed from the very beginning mostly due to the counterculture of the sixties in USA. The article also describes the commercial sources of the Web which allowed its voluminous progress and the role of the third player in this game – the Government of the USA which has seen the Internet as a chance for potential economic growth. The article also emphasizes the great significance of the macroeconomic environment in the eighties, which also considerably enhanced the development of the Web. The article documents the predominance of the economic aspect of the Internet, which has become a fact already at the beginning of the nineties and describes incidents which confirm this situation, for example the rebellion of Jon Postel in 1998.

The aim of the paper is to present the European gigabit society which is perceived by European Union's leaders as a model of the future European society and economy. It is based on new digital technologies of the XXI century and on new, very high capacity mobile telecommunications networks. The rapid growth of information being processed and transmitted through electronic communications networks needs new high-speed and highly reliable broadband networks essential to economic growth, competitiveness and innovation as well as better quality products, services and the citizen's satisfaction. The 5G communications network is the solution which is perceived as a type of network which should resolve these problems. In the paper the concept of the European gigabit society is clarifi ed, the 5G technology and its level of development in the European Union and in its Member States are described including Poland vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The European gigabit society is already under development and the 5G communication network is crucial to its success. It should be widely available in Europe including Poland. The paper is based on the analysis of offi cial documents of the European Union and its Member States including Poland, offi cial reports of the most active electronic telecommunications companies providing and implementing 5G technologies and on talks with representatives of some of the ones which are active on the Polish market.

The increasing complexity of the social world forces transformations within public policies, which are trying to adapt to the dynamically changing reality. The implementation of new management techniques in line with the model of metagovernance appears to be a common formula of such adaptation. The model involves complementing the existing management models with horizontal networks of public policy stakeholders as well as establishing the policy regarding three principles - of the required diversity, required reflexivity, and ironic attitude. Public cultural institutions that serve the role of framework institutions support the implementation of new management techniques, primarily by means of creating new and supporting existing networks of cultural policy stakeholders. The description of the institution is based on in-dept-interviews with individuals involved in the creation of public policy in the area of culture pursued in the second half of 2018.

Celem niniejszej monografii jest zaprezentowanie aktualnego kształtu sieci bezpieczeństwa finansowego w Polsce. Punktem odniesienia, a zarazem tłem prowadzonych rozważań będą rozwiązania przyjęte na poziomie Unii Europejskiej. Monografia składa się z wprowadzenia, 7 rozdziałów, podsumowania i bibliografii. Rozdział pierwszy zawiera krytyczny przegląd definicji oraz wyznaczników stabilności i niestabilności systemu finansowego. W kolejnym rozdziale zaprezentowano zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące konstrukcji sieci bezpieczeństwa finansowego jako kluczowego mechanizmu zapewniania stabilności finansowej. Wskazano także na konkretne instytucje tworzące sieć bezpieczeństwa finansowego w strefie euro oraz w Polsce. W kolejnych pięciu rozdziałach zostały zaprezentowane poszczególne instytucje sieci bezpieczeństwa finansowego w Polsce, przez pryzmat ich celów i zadań oraz instrumentów oddziaływania na stabilność finansową. W rozdziale trzecim został przedstawiony organ nadzoru makroostrożnościowego w Polsce - Komitet Stabilności Finansowej. W rozdziale czwartym została przybliżona rola i zadania Ministerstwa Finansów w kontekście budowania stabilności finansowej. Rozdział piąty zawiera rozważania na temat znaczenia Narodowego Banku Polskiego jako wiodącej instytucji, czuwającej nad zapewnianiem stabilności systemu bankowego. W rozdziale szóstym została omówiona rola Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego jako instytucji sprawującej nadzór mikroostrożnościowy nad podmiotami rynku finansowego. Rozdział siódmy zawiera analizę funkcjonowania Bankowego Funduszu Gwarancyjnego, jako instytucji gwarantowania depozytów bankowych i podmiotu odpowiedzialnego za przeprowadzanie procesu resolution (restrukturyzacji problemowych banków). ; The purpose of this monograph is to present current shape of the financial security network in Poland. The reference point and, at the same time, the background to the deliberations under consideration will be solutions adopted at the level of the European Union. The monograph consists of an introduction, 7 chapters, a summary and a bibliography. The first chapter contains critical overview of the definitions and determinants of both stability and instability of the financial system. In the next chapter theoretical issues concerning the construction of the financial security network as a key mechanism for ensuring financial stability are presented. Specific institutions forming financial security network in the European Union and Poland are also indicated. In next five chapters, individual institutions of the financial safety network in Poland are presented, through the prism of their goals and tasks as well as instruments of impact on financial stability. Third chapter presents the macro-prudential supervision authority in Poland - the Financial Stability Committee. Fourth chapter presents the role and tasks of the Ministry of Finance in the context of building financial stability. Fifth chapter contains reflections on the significance of the National Bank of Poland as the leading institution supervising the stability of the banking system. Sixth chapter discusses the role of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority as an institution supervising micro-prudential supervision of financial market entities. Seventh chapter contains the analysis of Bank Guarantee Fund functioning, as the bank deposit guarantee institution and the entity responsible for carrying out the resolution process (restructuring of problem banks).