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FIKCIONALNI SVIJET HEINRICHA BÖLLA Teme, traume i forme ; FICTIONAL WORLD OF HEINRICH BÖLL Themes, traumas and forms
U radu je riječ o fikcionalnome svijetu Heiniricha Bölla koji je u velikoj mjeri obilježen traumatičnim iskustvom rata i nacionalsocijalizma te poslijeratnoga njemačkog suočavanja s vlastitom prošlosti i traženjem lijeka za svoju i tuđu muku. Iz tih se trauma iskristaliziralo i nekoliko ključnih tema Böllova pjesništva: rat, politika, moralne i vjerske nedoumice i – kao prevladavajuća – čovjek sa svojim strahovima i bespomoćnosti, ali i neočekivanom vitalnosti, hrabrosti ili dobrotom u vrtlogu rata te poslijeratnoj bijedi ili modernome blagostanju. U oči upada pjesnikovo traženje oslonca u humanosti, ljubavi, vjeri nasuprot životnoj tragičnosti u surovim vremenima, u često neljudskoj sredini bezosjećajnih, beskrupuloznih, ponekad i po život opasnih ljudi i institucija. Böll je i na ovdašnjim područjima stekao zasluženu pozornost, što dokazuju i brojni prijevodi njegovih djela koji su navedeni na kraju ovoga priloga. ; The paper speaks about fictional world of Heinrich Böll, which is greatly marked by traumatic war experience, National Socialism and postwar German confronting with its own history and finding a way out for its own and others' pain. Some key topics of Böll's poetry were crystallized from those traumas: war, politics moral and religious dilemmas and – as the prevailing one – a man with his fears and helplessness, but also with unexpected vitality, courage or goodness in the war whirlwind and postwar misery or modern welfare. Especially interesting is poet's searching for support in humanity, love, faith opposite to tragic of life in the hard times, in the area of insensitive, unscrupulous and sometimes dangerous people and institutions. Böll gained deserved attention in our areas as well, which is proved by numerous translations of his works which are mentioned at the end of this article.
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Suvremeni oblici predstavničke demokracije ; Contemporary Forms of Representative Democracy
Autor u članku razmatra suvremene oblike predstavničke demokracije u svjetlu triju teorijskih i ideoloških sukoba. Prvi se odnosi na one koji se bore za konsolidiranu predstavničku demokraciju, te razvijaju teorije "manjkave demokracije". Predstavnici tog pravca razmatraju elemente koji nedostaju njihovim režimima da bi normalno funkcionirali kao sustavi predstavničke demokracije, te sustave više ne klasificiraju samo prema formalnim kriterijima (parlamentarna ili predsjednička predstavnička demokracija), nego razmatraju i integraciju drugih podsustava u sustav konzekventnih demokratskih pravila igre u "ukotvljenoj demokraciji". Drugi pravac odnosi se na pojavu populizma kao izazova predstavničkoj demokraciji. Zemlje u kojima je predstavnička demokracija konsolidirana sve su manje zadovoljne formaliziranim rutinama sustava i razvijaju nove populističke vizije bolje i reprezentativnije demokracije nasuprot puke proceduralne demokracije u kojoj postoji konkurencija elita. I na kraju, treći pravac odnosi se na nove modele demokracije koji se razvijaju u normativnim teorijama koje razmatraju nedostatke predstavničkih demokracija. Unutar tog pravca razvijaju se vizije "boljih demokracija" u duhu republikanizma, deliberativne demokracije, refleksivne demokracije i drugih koncepcija "demokratizacije demokracije".* ; In this paper, the author examines contemporary forms of representative democracy in the light of three theoretical and ideological conflicts. The first conflict concerns those who strive for a consolidated representative democracy, and develop theories of "defective democracies". Advocates of this thrust examine the elements which their regimes lack to operate normally as systems of representative democracy, and no longer classify systems only against formal criteria (parliamentary or presidential representative democracy), but also consider the integration of other subsystems into the system of consistent democratic rules of the game in an "embedded democracy". The second thrust concerns the rise of populism as a challenge to representative democracy. Countries in which representative democracy has been consolidated are increasingly dissatisfied with the formalised system routines and develop new populist visions of a better and more representative democracy in contrast to the mere procedural democracy in which there is a competition of elites. Finally, the third theoretical thrust concerns new models of democracy developed in normative theories which deal with the deficiencies of representative democracies. In this view, visions of "better democracies" have been developed in the spirit of republicanism, deliberative democracy, reflexive democracy and other concepts of "democratisation of democracy.
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Patterns of Democracy. Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries
In: Politicka misao, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 189-191
Forms of protectionism in the international trade ; Oblici protekcionizma u međunarodnoj razmjeni
Protectionism is a system of measures used for the purpose of protecting domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. It has emerged simultaneously with the international exchange of goods. The contemporary protectionist policy and practice imposes the necessity of studying this phenomenon in the light of the current situation and conditions. Agricultural protectionism seems to be a particularly significant issue in the international exchange of commodities. ; Protekcionizam označava sustav mjera ekonomske države sa ciljem zaštite domaće proizvodnje u odnosu na konkurenciju inozemnih proizvođača. Javlja se nakon pojave međunarodne razmjene. Međutim, suvremena protekcionistička politika i praksa obavezuje da se istražuje fenomen protekcionizma u suvremenim uvjetima. Posebno je u suvremenoj teoriji za međunarodnu razmjenu značajan agrarni protekcionizam.
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TERORIZAM KAO OBLIK UGROŽAVANJA BEZBEDNOSTI / TERRORISM AS A FORM OF SECURITY THREAT
S obzirom da je terorizam poslednjih godina prerastao u globalnu pretnju bezbednosti i alarmantnu vrstu nasilja u savremenom svetu, utvrđivanje njegove strukture, sadržine i uzroka, jedan je od ciljeva političkih, pravnih i bezbednosnih nauka. Terorizam u osnovi predstavlja istorijsku pojavu, koja je stara koliko i sama država, mada se često posmatra kao fenomen savremenog ljudskog društva. Međutim, savremeni oblici terorizma imaju sasvim novu dimenziju koja proističe iz različitih istorijskih, društvenoekonomskih i političkih razloga, kao i iz razvoja nauke i tehnologije.Iako terorizam predstavlja pošast savremenog civilizacijskog poretka, još uvek ne postoji jedna opšteprihvaćena i univerzalna definicija terorizma, s obzirom da sam pojam terorizam nije lako definisati. Terorizam ima mnoštvo pojavnih oblika, pa ga, sem složenosti, karakteriše i promenljivost. Značenje reči terorizam menjalo se tokom istorije, kako bi se prilagodilo riziku svakog narednog perioda, stoga nije nimalo iznenađujuće što je veoma teško odrediti trajniju definiciju ovog pojma. Takođe, jedan od razloga je što politika koju vode moćne države ima dvostruke standarde, a neke od njih čak koriste terorizam kako bi izazvale sukobe i nestabilnost u određenom regionu, ali bez učešća sopstvenih vojnih snaga. --- Given that terrorism in recent years has grown into a global threat to security and alarming form of violence in the modern world, the determination of its structure, content and causes, is one of the aims of political, legal and security studies. Terrorism is essentially an historical phenomenon that is as old as the state itself, although it is often seen as a phenomenon of human society. However, the current forms of terrorism are completely new dimension arising from different historical, socio-economic and political reasons, as well as the development of science and technology.Although scourge of terrorism is a modern civilized order, there is not yet a generally accepted and universal definition of terrorism, as the notion of terrorism is not easy to define. Terrorism has many forms, and it is, except the complexity, characterized with variability of the features. The meaning of terrorism changed the course of history, in order to accommodate the risk of any subsequent period, so it is not surprising that it is very difficult to determine the lasting definition of the term. Also, one of the reasons is that the politics of the powerful states has a double standard, and some of them even use terrorism to avoid potential conflicts and instability in a particular region, but without the involvement of its own military forces.
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IZVANSUDSKI OBLICI RJEŠAVANJA UPRAVNIH STVARI: HRVATSKA I POLJSKA ISKUSTVA ; FORME NON GIUDIZIALI DI RISOLUZIONE NELLA MATERIA AMMINISTRATIVA: ESPERIENZA CROATA E POLACCA ; NON-JURISDICTIONAL FORMS OF DISPOSING AN ADMINISTRATIVE MATTER: CROATIAN AND POLISH EXPERIENCES ; AUSSERGERICHTLICHE FORMEN DER...
Cilj je ovoga rada ocijeniti primjenjivost postojećih mehanizama alternativnog rješavanja sporova u upravnom pravu i dati neke prijedloge za njihovo unaprjeđenje. U radu se analizira koncept alternativnog i konsensualnog rješavanja sporova. Zatim se izlažu prednosti i nedostaci izvansudskih oblika rješavanja upravnih stvari. Analiziraju se pozitivni propisi u Hrvatskoj, koji uređuju primjenu izvansudskih oblika rješavanja sporova. Razmatraju se metode izvansudskog rješavanja sporova u Poljskoj, koja je u vrlo sličnom pravnom okruženju, nekoliko godina ranije nastojala uvesti ove oblike rješavanja sporova u upravnom pravu. Konačno, u zaključku autori izlažu stav o primjenjivosti izvansudskih oblika rješavanja sporova u hrvatskom upravnom pravu i predlažu neke korake kako bi ih unaprijedili. ; L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è di ricercare l'applicabilità dei metodi esistenti della risoluzione alternativa delle controversie nel diritto amministrativo e di fornire alcune proposte per il miglioramento di esse. In primis, in questo lavoro è stato analizzato il concetto della risoluzione alternativa e consensuale delle controversie nel diritto amministrativo. Dopodiché, sono stati sottolineati i vantaggi e gli svantaggi delle forme non giudiziali di disposizioni nella materia amministrativa. Poi, è stata presentata la regolazione contemporanea dedicata a questi metodi in Croazia. L'esperienza dei metodi di risoluzione alternativa delle controversie in Polonia è anche stata discussa, perché la Polonia ha tentato di stabilire questo sistema in un ambiente molto simile a quello croato, ma parecchi anni fa. Infine, nella conclusione gli autori presentano la loro propensione all'applicabilità delle forme non giudiziali della risoluzione delle controversie nel diritto amministrativo croato e propongono alcuni passi per il miglioramento di esse. ; The aim of this paper is to research applicability of the existing alternative dispute resolution methods' in the administrative law and give some suggestion for their improvement. ...
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Process Drama as a Form of Cooperative Learning ; Procesna drama kao oblik suradničkoga učenja
Contemporary educational practice demands that we seek new strategies in articulation of lessons and realization of educational aims. These new approaches are necessitated by the post-modern times we live in, with all the pertaining cultural, economic, political, technical and technological changes. The role of the institutions has been revised, as well as the roles of parents, teachers and pupils. In the time we live and work pupils' achievements are described and measured according to competences. Some of these numerous competences stand out as an educational ideal: critical thinking, cooperative learning, assuming responsibility, ability to act as individuals and members of society. Such achievements are also prescribed in the curriculum, more precisely, in the National Curriculum Framework. Cooperative learning, where pupils organized in groups join forces to learn during their school lessons, is often viewed as an especially interesting and productive learning method. The atmosphere among pupils who learn through cooperation is characterized by positive interdependence, that is, they are aware of the fact that the only way for them to succeed is by joining forces. Process drama is a method of using drama in education. Absence of an audience is one of its characteristics. As it does not focus on performance but on examining and searching for answers to questions (issues), it represents a method for quality teaching and learning, which is exactly why it should be an integral part of the National Curriculum Framework. This paper posits a theory that process drama is a form of cooperative learning because the important characteristics of process drama and cooperative learning overlap. Therefore, their common characteristics, such as the teacher's/leader's different engagement, changing of the fixed patterns of thinking, acting and reflexive observation will be listed, compared and explained using a comparative method. The purpose of this paper is to offer a method suitable for the requirements of contemporary school classes. ; Suvremena odgojna i obrazovna praksa zahtijeva pronalaženje novih pristupa artikulaciji nastavnoga sata i ostvarivanju odgojnih i obrazovnih ciljeva. Te nove pristupe nameće postmoderno vrijeme u kojem živimo sa svim svojim kulturološkim, gospodarskim, političkim, tehničkim i tehnološkim promjenama. Preispituje se uloga institucija, ali preispituju se i pojedinačne uloge roditelja, učitelja i učenika. Vrijeme u kojem živimo i djelujemo postignuća učenika opisuje i mjeri kompetencijama. U mnoštvu sposobnosti neke se nameću kao odgojno-obrazovni ideal: kritičko mišljenje, suradničko učenje, preuzimanje odgovornosti, sposobnost djelovanja kao individue i dijela društva. Takva postignuća propisuje i kurikulum, točnije Nacionalni okvirni kurikulum. Iako su jezične nedoumice oko kurikuluma i kurikula dokinute pa struka preporuča oblik kurikul, u ovom će se radu koristiti oblik kurikulum jer je on potvrđeniji u pedagogijskoj literaturi, a samim time će se izbjeći moguće nejasnoće, nesporazumi i nelogičnosti. Kao posebno zanimljiv i produktivan oblik učenja sve se češće ističe suradničko učenje u kojem učenici organizirani u grupe zajedničkim naporima svladavaju nastavno gradivo. Među učenicima koji uče surađujući vlada pozitivna međuovisnost, odnosno svijest da mogu uspjeti samo zajedničkim naporima. Procesna drama je metoda dramskoga odgoja. Odsustvo publike jedno je od njezinih obilježja. Kako nije usmjerena na predstavljanje već na propitivanje i traženje odgovora na postavljena pitanja (probleme), predstavlja metodu za kvalitetno poučavanje i učenje. U ovom radu postavlja se teza da je procesna drama oblik suradničkoga učenja jer se u bitnim obilježjima procesna drama i suradničko učenje preklapaju te će se komparativnom metodom zajednička obilježja popisati, usporediti i objasniti. Svrha je ovoga rada ponuditi metodu koja odgovara zahtjevima suvremene nastave
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Alternativni oblici demokratske države: slučaj Izraela ; Alternative forms of a democratic state: the case of Israel
Iako je demokracija u Izraelu održiva i stabilna, ne odgovara ni jednoj od postojećih zapadnih vrsta demokracije. Izrael je tipično podijeljeno društvo čiji su politički sustav i društvena struktura ostatku svijeta često slabo razumljivi. Ovaj rad predstavlja kratku analizu, utemeljenu na teorijskim okvirima i tipološkome smještaju demokracije koja je u uskoj svezi s društvenim rascjepima izraelskoga društva. U radu se ispituje je li se demokracija u Izraelu razvijala tako da olakša upravljanje društvenim podjelama te jesu li se njome ublažili ili ojačali društveni rascjepi. ; Although democracy in Israel is sustainable and stable, it does not match any of the western types of democracy. Israel is a typical divided society whose political system and social structure do not often make a great deal of sense for the rest of the world. This paper represents a brief analysis, based on theoretical frameworks and typological placement of democracy which is closely connected to social rifts of the Israeli society. The paper investigates if democracy in Israel was being developed in order to facilitates the social divisions management and if it alleviated or strengthened social rifts.
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Zeleni socijalni rad ; Green Social Work
Razvoj zelenog socijalnog rada odvija se paralelno s ekološkim aktivizmom na globalnoj razini. Socijalni rad u Hrvatskoj u procesu je integriranja ekološkog pristupa u svakodnevne aktivnosti, pružanja usluga korisnicima i zagovaranja prava na zdrav okoliš. Nevladine organizacije građana aktivno sudjeluju u oblikovanju javnih politika na lokalnoj razini i šire, te unose održive promjene u zajednicu. Potreba da se socijalni radnici uključe u rješavanje ekoloških problema i izgradnju održivosti u zajednicama sve je vidljivija na globalnoj i lokalnoj razini. Prirodni svijet koji nas okružuje, primjerice klimatski uvjeti, uvelike određuju kakvi su prirodni resursi kojima raspolažemo. Socijalni radnik ne može zaobići činjenicu da raznolikosti ugrožavaju birokratski pristup koji se do sada koristio pa treba biti dovoljno tolerantan i osjetljiv za raznolikosti. Centraliziranim pristupom resursi se rijetko stavljaju tamo gdje su najviše potrebni što umanjuje sposobnost zajednice da se brine za sebe. Kako bismo se uspješno suočavali s izazovima i neuravnoteženosti u prirodnom okolišu, potrebno je razvijati i postaviti na odgovarajuću razinu otpornost zajednica. ; The development of green social work goes hand in hand with ecological activism on a global scale. Social work in Croatia has not yet integrated the ecological approach to everyday activities, providing services to users or advocating the right to a healthy environment. Non-governmental organizations of citizens actively participate in shaping public policies at local and wider level and contributing to sustainable change in the community. The need to involve social workers in solving environmental problems and building community sustainability is increasingly visible at the global and local level. The natural world around us, for example, climatic conditions largely determines what kind of natural resources we have. A social worker cannot overlook the fact that diversity endangers the bureaucratic approach that has hitherto been used, and should be sufficiently tolerant and sensitive to diversity. With a centralized approach, resources are rarely placed where they are most needed and thus undermine the community's ability to take care of themselves. In order to successfully face challenges and imbalances in the natural environment, community resistance needs to be developed.
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"Relacijska forma" kao umjetnički jezik: pristupi i prijepori ; "Relational Form" as a Language of Art: Approaches and Debates
Rad se bavi mapiranjem i teorijskim konceptualiziranjem polemika vezanih uz "re- lacijsku formu". Pri tome ne predstavlja pokušaj pacifikacije različitih pozicija niti zauzimanja "strane" u polemikama, već se temelji na studiji koncepata (concept-based metodology) koja služe kao pomagala boljem razumijevanju objekta istraživanja. Premda je forma suvremene umjetnosti, bilo da je čine procesi ili postupci, prema tradicionalnom shvaćanju "razbijena", cilj rada je ispitati suprotno. U prvom dijelu analizirat će se pojam "relacijske forme" te diskursi vezani uz njezino artikuliranje. U drugom se dijelu istražuju tehnike i postupci odnosno strategije konceptualnih avangardi 1990-ih i 2000-ih. Zaključno se razmatraju napori, prijepori i mogućnosti umjetnosti u proširenom polju relacijskih praksi. Istraživanje će poslužiti za pobliže određenje ontološkog statusa suvremenih umjetničkih formi. ; The paper aims at mapping and theoretically conceptualizing the controversies around the "relational form." It does not, however, seek to conciliate the different positions or take "sides" in the debate; instead, it is based on a concept-based methodology as an instrument offering better insight into the researched object. Even though the form of contemporary art, be it as a process or as a procedure, is "broken" according to the traditional idea, the aim of this work is to examine the opposite. In the first part, the notion of "relational form" and the discourses related to its articulation are analyzed. The second part focuses on the techniques and procedures or strategies of the conceptual avant-gardes during the 1990s and 2000s. Eventually, the conclusion considers the efforts, debates, and possibilities of art in the extended field of relational practices. The aim of this research is to define more precisely the ontological status of contemporary art forms.
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Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work
In: Politicka misao, Band 44, Heft 4, S. 161-167
Procjena onečišćenja podzemnih voda na području bivšeg vojnog aerodroma ; Evaluation of groundwater contamination in former military airport area
Rad se bavi analizom onečišćenja podzemnih voda na području bivšeg vojnog aerodroma uzrokovanog curenjem goriva iz spremnika te drugim slučajnim izlijevanjem onečišćivača, uglavnom policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika (PAH). Modeliranjem je zamijećeno da nakon prestanka crpljenja zagađivač zaobilazi brtveni zid oko njegovih rubova te se nastavlja kretati prema području gdje se zahvaća voda. Ovim modelom zaključeno je da postoji niska razina opasnosti od zagađenja, uglavnom zbog utjecaja raspada (razgradnje) zagađivača te sorpcije. ; The analysis of groundwater contamination at the former military airport, due to fuel tanks leakage and other accidental spills, mainly involving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), is presented in the paper. It was observed by modelling that, after termination of pumping, the contaminant by-passes the slurry wall around its edges and proceeds towards the withdrawal area. The modelling showed that the water contamination hazard is quite low, which is mainly due to pollutant deterioration (decay) and sorption.
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China-CEEC Cooperation: China's Building of a New Type of International Relations
The article analyzes how the 16+1 Cooperation promotes the Chinese new type of international relations from four perspectives: firstly, the "16+1 Cooperation" insists on not rejecting third parties and promotes the idea of open and inclusive international cooperation; Secondly, the cooperation framework adheres to the principle of mutually-beneficial and win-win cooperation, and proposes to wisely handle differences and divergences; Thirdly, this framework never engages in zero-sum games, instead, it fully respects and closely watches the core interests and major concerns of the relevant parties; Fourthly, it is committed to creating a cooperative platform through consultation, to meet the interests of all. The article also makes an analysis of the challenges facing 16+1 Cooperation and gives some suggestions. ; The article analyzes how the 16+1 Cooperation promotes the Chinese new type of international relations from four perspectives: firstly, the "16+1 Cooperation" insists on not rejecting third parties and promotes the idea of open and inclusive international cooperation; Secondly, the cooperation framework adheres to the principle of mutually-beneficial and win-win cooperation, and proposes to wisely handle differences and divergences; Thirdly, this framework never engages in zero-sum games, instead, it fully respects and closely watches the core interests and major concerns of the relevant parties; Fourthly, it is committed to creating a cooperative platform through consultation, to meet the interests of all. The article also makes an analysis of the challenges facing 16+1 Cooperation and gives some suggestions.
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