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N-ground' or 'multi-ground' ('Superground & Underground') concept applied to Seoul, call us to a new qualitative development that responds to the possibility to superimpose a new dense floor in the old infrastructures. A new ReCitying Topos on, inside, in, where and through which to develop new/old programs, uses and activities of life and relationship. The singularity of Seoul is the capacity for the city to combine and manage all the new global urban paradigmatic challenges. Seoul new qualitative development responds does not intend to "continue" or "recreate" the traditional city. Nor impose or positionate, transforming it, built machines or objects but superimpose a new dense floor (container and articulator at the same time) in the old obsolete infrastructures, that becomes a new Re-Citying. The old infrastructures are revealed as the ideal spaces to support these new floors, real and virtual at time. 0Projects: AZPML, NO.MAD, Chanjoong Kim, Eun Young Yi, Studio Fuksas, Alejandro Haiek, Mass Studies, NL Architects, IROJE, Francis Soler, It's, Michel Desvigne, MVRDV, Dominique Perrault, Go-Up Architects, Topotek 1, Atelier Bow-Wow, Charles Waldheim, among others

Game-theoretic approach has been providing a powerful tool in qualitative understanding of macroscopic social phenomena in social sciences, e.g., in economics and political science. Recently, researchers in physics, especially in statistical physics, use these game-theoretic approaches but in more quantitative way and have been producing a variety of interesting results in the new research area called 'sociophysics' by studying human society as a complex system. This work introduces recent works that have tackled combinatorial complexities arising in game-theoretic studies with the aid of simplified assumptions and numerical computations. We first show how cooperation emerges in the prisoner's dilemma game when each player's memory capacity is enhanced and suggest that the intelligent tit-for-tat strategy plays a crucial role in the history of cooperation. And then it is numerically shown that there is a certain case of simultaneous coordination among many players where the system has a high risk of failure when everyone is willing to follow the coordination, which is actually higher than when some are not concerned about it. Lastly, we discuss mathematical treatment of an equilibrium solution for a reverse auction game, which is a variant of the minority game, and its computational approach. ; Artikel på koreanska, abstract på engelska.