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In the Netherlands, the social security rights of platform workers have still not been formally defined. At present, the level of social security protection accorded to all workers is derived directly from the labour law qualification. In the continuing absence in the Netherlands of specific legislation for platform workers, specifically as regards labour law and social security law, the existing legislation is steering. This means that the platform worker is either included using the status of employee with the corresponding extensive protection package, or the status of self-employed with limited social protection. For the majority of platform workers, this second option is applied to date. Nevertheless, recent developments point to possible improvements in the social security position of platform workers in the Netherlands.

The conference aimed to identify Nordic and global future of work trends including new forms of work and new technologies and production models resulting from digitalization. It pointed to challenges of ensuring adequate protection, employment opportunities and safeguarding competitiveness in the Nordic region amidst rapid technological and demographic changes. As policy responses speakers identified the need to invest in education and skills, to update policies, legislation and collective agreements to better respond to the future labour market. Furthermore they emphasised that social protection should have a broad coverage and encourage active labour market participation. Global cooperation, labour standard and social dialogue are needed to promote decent work. Last but not least gender equality is an important principle and policy goal also for the future ILO work.

The study was carried out as part of their programme of assessment of technological choices for the Scientific Policy Council and the Economic and Social Council of the Walloon Region. The objective of the research is twofold. On the one hand, the aim is to analyse the evolution of products, services, businesses, professions and jobs in a sector which plays a key role in French-speaking Belgium and which also has a significant cultural impact. On the other hand, in the light of this sectoral study, more general trends need to be identified in terms of flexible organisation, new forms of work and the transformation of skills and qualifications. ; L'étude a été réalisée dans le cadre de leur programme d'évaluation des choix technologiques pour le Conseil de Politique Scientifique et le Conseil Economique et Social de la Région wallonne.L'objectif de la recherche est double. D'une part, il s'agit d'analyser l'évolution des produits, des services, des entreprises, des métiers et des emplois dans un secteur qui joue un rôle clé en Belgique francophone et qui a en outre un impact culturel important. D'autre part, à la lumière de cette étude sectorielle, des tendances plus générales doivent être identifiées en termes d'organisation flexible, de nouvelles formes de travail et de transformation des compétences et des qualifications.

Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers' and employees' organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.

Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers' and employees' organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.

While the scientific literature concludes that collaborative innovation is not a new concept, definitions are often contradictory and its implementation remains enigmatic. Therefore, this thesis in management aimed to address the issue by stating its main question as follows: "How do we capitalize on the new forms of work organization targeting collaborative innovation in regions supporting smart specialization strategies? The case of coworking spaces". As a consequence, the following research objectives have been formulated: 1. To analyze the collaborative dimension of the organization of work in order to detect its innovative potential; 2. To identify management processes that foster collaborative innovation using the case of coworking spaces; 3. To conjugate these processes at the level of a territory in order to propose an integrative management model capable of enhancing the potential of collaborative innovation. The thesis was articulated around three levels of analysis: conceptual, conjunctural and territorial. Empirical research has focused on several case studies: 11 coworking spaces in France and 6 coworking spaces in the United States. The triangulation of the data from semi - structured interviews, documentary analysis and empirical observation helped produce quality results. The conceptual analysis permitted to clarify the notion of "novelty" associated with the new forms of work organization, as well as their innovative potential; thus, this level of analysis aimed to outline the collaborative innovation analysis grid, the conceptual schema of the thesis. The conjunctural level of the analysis proposed an enriched conceptual diagram by integrating the elements of the fieldwork. Finally, the territorial analysis provided an integrative model of the territorial management of collaborative innovation. On the one hand, these results are meant to raise awareness of the new implications of collaborative work and its potential, particularly collaborative innovation; on the other hand, they emphasize the importance of space and the importance of the three types of communication - communication for coordination, communication for information, and communication for inspiration - in the management of collaborative innovation. Thus, they underline multiple opportunities to define new (public) policies for the management of (territorial) collaborative innovation. ; Alors que la littérature scientifique décrète que l'innovation collaborative n'est pas une nouveauté, les définitions sont souvent contradictoires et sa mise en œuvre reste énigmatique. Par conséquent, cette thèse en sciences de gestion a souhaité apporter des clarifications et des premiers éléments de réponse à travers la problématique centrale suivante : " Comment appréhender les nouvelles formes d'organisation du travail au service de l'innovation collaborative dans le cadre des territoires inscrits dans une démarche de stratégie intelligente ? Le cas des espaces de coworking ". Plusieurs objectifs en ont découlé : 1. Analyser la dimension collaborative de l'organisation du travail afin de déceler son potentiel novateur ; 2. Identifier les processus de gestion qui favorisent l'innovation collaborative en utilisant le cas des espaces de coworking ; 3. Conjuguer ces processus au niveau d'un territoire afin de pouvoir proposer un modèle de gestion intégratif capable de démultiplier le potentiel d'innovation collaborative. La thèse s'est, donc, articulée autour de trois niveaux d'analyse : conceptuel, conjoncturel et territorial. La recherche empirique s'est concentrée sur plusieurs études de cas : 11 espaces de coworking en France et 6 espaces de coworking aux États-Unis. La triangulation des données à partir des entretiens semi-directifs, de l'analyse documentaire et de l'observation empirique a contribué à une meilleure qualité des résultats obtenus. L'analyse conceptuelle nous a permis de clarifier la notion de « nouveauté » associée aux nouvelles formes d'organisation de travail, ainsi que leur potentiel novateur, afin de pouvoir esquisser la grille d'analyse de l'innovation collaborative, le schéma conceptuel de la thèse. Le niveau conjoncturel de l'analyse propose, donc, un schéma conceptuel enrichi intégrant les éléments du terrain. Enfin, l'analyse territoriale a donné lieu à un modèle intégratif de gestion territoriale de l'innovation collaborative. Ces résultats visent, d'un côté, la prise de conscience de nouveaux enjeux associés au concept de travail collaboratif et son potentiel, notamment l'innovation collaborative ; et de l'autre, la prise de conscience de l'importance de l'espace et des trois types de communication - communication pour coordination, communication pour information, communication pour inspiration - dans la gestion de l'innovation collaborative afin d'envisager de nouvelles politiques (publiques) de gestion de l'innovation collaborative (territoriale).

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns 'ecosocial innovations', i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European countries. The findings show a rich diversity of ecosocial innovations and describe how they reframe economic purposes, value economic diversity and democratise the economy. We suggest that social work might consider these practices as opportunities for collaboration, especially regarding work with people on the margins of the labour market. ; peerReviewed

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns 'ecosocial innovations', i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European countries. The findings show a rich diversity of ecosocial innovations and describe how they reframe economic purposes, value economic diversity and democratise the economy. We suggest that social work might consider these practices as opportunities for collaboration, especially regarding work with people on the margins of the labour market. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

In this work, in accordance with international and European legal standards, the regulatory development and issues of institute of forms of work organisation in Lithuania are analysed. The basic form of work organisation is a non-term employment contract. From other forms of employment it is distinguished by the following characteristics: the relations between parties are bilateral (employee and employer), constant, based on remuneration, subordination and are performed in the premises of employer. These abovementioned relations can be called as typical and conventional. It should be noted that they reflect the best interests of both parties. However, due to the changes of labor market in the 21st century, standard rules, created in the first half of the 20th century, are dysfunctional and must be adapted to the modern labor relations. The development of flexible employment policy of the European Union, the economic globalization and related changes of employment, the need to promote employment, to integrate women, young and elderly people into the labor market and various other socio-economic factors inspire the emergence and implementation of flexible forms of organisation of work in the Lithuanian labor law. Next to a common employment contract more flexible forms of employment are distinguished in Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania. These forms are analysed in this work as well: a part-time work, fixed-term contracts, teleworking, etc. Legal regulation of the employment through temporary employment agencies and such work relations is also the intention. Due to the practical need for more flexible forms of employment, the aim of this thesis is to find our whether international standards and European Union regulations, governing major non-standard forms of work organisation, are properly implemented. The work is comprised of three parts that consistently owerview the main aspects of forms of employment: the concept of forms of work organization, the main legal form of employment is identified, the evolution of forms of legal regulation is summarized and factors that influence the emergence of new forms of forms of employment. The paper mostly focuses on the analysis of legal framework of flexible forms of organisation of work, the peculiarity and the problems. The need of obvious and accurate regulation of forms of employement organisation is presented. The analysis and conclusions submitted should be useful for further examination of theoretical and practical issues of forms of work organization, the regulatory challenges in pursuit for the harmonization of national legislation with the international and European law, as well as for the development and improvement of national legislation.

In this work, in accordance with international and European legal standards, the regulatory development and issues of institute of forms of work organisation in Lithuania are analysed. The basic form of work organisation is a non-term employment contract. From other forms of employment it is distinguished by the following characteristics: the relations between parties are bilateral (employee and employer), constant, based on remuneration, subordination and are performed in the premises of employer. These abovementioned relations can be called as typical and conventional. It should be noted that they reflect the best interests of both parties. However, due to the changes of labor market in the 21st century, standard rules, created in the first half of the 20th century, are dysfunctional and must be adapted to the modern labor relations. The development of flexible employment policy of the European Union, the economic globalization and related changes of employment, the need to promote employment, to integrate women, young and elderly people into the labor market and various other socio-economic factors inspire the emergence and implementation of flexible forms of organisation of work in the Lithuanian labor law. Next to a common employment contract more flexible forms of employment are distinguished in Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania. These forms are analysed in this work as well: a part-time work, fixed-term contracts, teleworking, etc. Legal regulation of the employment through temporary employment agencies and such work relations is also the intention. Due to the practical need for more flexible forms of employment, the aim of this thesis is to find our whether international standards and European Union regulations, governing major non-standard forms of work organisation, are properly implemented. The work is comprised of three parts that consistently owerview the main aspects of forms of employment: the concept of forms of work organization, the main legal form of employment is identified, the evolution of forms of legal regulation is summarized and factors that influence the emergence of new forms of forms of employment. The paper mostly focuses on the analysis of legal framework of flexible forms of organisation of work, the peculiarity and the problems. The need of obvious and accurate regulation of forms of employement organisation is presented. The analysis and conclusions submitted should be useful for further examination of theoretical and practical issues of forms of work organization, the regulatory challenges in pursuit for the harmonization of national legislation with the international and European law, as well as for the development and improvement of national legislation.

Design has been in a period of change for the last decade but design education and more specifically design educators haven't kept up with these transformations. As a result design students continue to learn outdated methods and techniques. A designer needs to understand processes methods and mediums of design. At all of these levels the process is the same while methods may change slightly and the medium differs dramatically. Without expertise in mediums a designer is only able to facilitate what others do ; they become a means or a manager a step in communication repeating existing content without adding value. This makes such an individual easily replaceable. Design education usually places an emphasis on medium usually at the expense of methods and processes. Students learn a process but they quite often learn without comprehending. They are unable to negotiate the steps necessary to adjust to the realities of the environment and in the end that reality may be troubling for such an idealistic student. Without understanding the design process design students have no way of understanding a design problem or how to add constraints in order to better shape the problem into something that is manageable. We need to find a way to educate future designers providing them with a firmer grasp of design processes and a variety of methods - in other words comprehensive expertise of a medium. This implies a longer course of study than a simple undergraduate degree and a few years of graduate work ; most professionals receive this training more by actually doing design work and skipping formal design education. While some of the inability to keep up with changes is due to the difficulty of revising the curriculum the largest issue appears to in terms of subject matter methods theory and the reluctance of educators to give up what they learned and have been teaching for decades so that they can make room for new material. Design students of the future must learn design during their formative years studying both the abstract and tactical. This approach challenges the traditional system in which educators who have repeated the same tired exercises for years may find themselves teaching something that it is without an audience and as a result they may well find themselves without a role to play. But the new approach will create a cadre of competent designers for industry government and the non-profit sector where design thinking and detailed knowledgeable design is fundamental to address the complex and dynamic qualities of our world. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Ayse Cakir Ilhan

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.