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In the Netherlands, the social security rights of platform workers have still not been formally defined. At present, the level of social security protection accorded to all workers is derived directly from the labour law qualification. In the continuing absence in the Netherlands of specific legislation for platform workers, specifically as regards labour law and social security law, the existing legislation is steering. This means that the platform worker is either included using the status of employee with the corresponding extensive protection package, or the status of self-employed with limited social protection. For the majority of platform workers, this second option is applied to date. Nevertheless, recent developments point to possible improvements in the social security position of platform workers in the Netherlands.

The conference aimed to identify Nordic and global future of work trends including new forms of work and new technologies and production models resulting from digitalization. It pointed to challenges of ensuring adequate protection, employment opportunities and safeguarding competitiveness in the Nordic region amidst rapid technological and demographic changes. As policy responses speakers identified the need to invest in education and skills, to update policies, legislation and collective agreements to better respond to the future labour market. Furthermore they emphasised that social protection should have a broad coverage and encourage active labour market participation. Global cooperation, labour standard and social dialogue are needed to promote decent work. Last but not least gender equality is an important principle and policy goal also for the future ILO work.

Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers' and employees' organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.

Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers' and employees' organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns 'ecosocial innovations', i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European countries. The findings show a rich diversity of ecosocial innovations and describe how they reframe economic purposes, value economic diversity and democratise the economy. We suggest that social work might consider these practices as opportunities for collaboration, especially regarding work with people on the margins of the labour market. ; peerReviewed

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns 'ecosocial innovations', i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European countries. The findings show a rich diversity of ecosocial innovations and describe how they reframe economic purposes, value economic diversity and democratise the economy. We suggest that social work might consider these practices as opportunities for collaboration, especially regarding work with people on the margins of the labour market. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

In this work, in accordance with international and European legal standards, the regulatory development and issues of institute of forms of work organisation in Lithuania are analysed. The basic form of work organisation is a non-term employment contract. From other forms of employment it is distinguished by the following characteristics: the relations between parties are bilateral (employee and employer), constant, based on remuneration, subordination and are performed in the premises of employer. These abovementioned relations can be called as typical and conventional. It should be noted that they reflect the best interests of both parties. However, due to the changes of labor market in the 21st century, standard rules, created in the first half of the 20th century, are dysfunctional and must be adapted to the modern labor relations. The development of flexible employment policy of the European Union, the economic globalization and related changes of employment, the need to promote employment, to integrate women, young and elderly people into the labor market and various other socio-economic factors inspire the emergence and implementation of flexible forms of organisation of work in the Lithuanian labor law. Next to a common employment contract more flexible forms of employment are distinguished in Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania. These forms are analysed in this work as well: a part-time work, fixed-term contracts, teleworking, etc. Legal regulation of the employment through temporary employment agencies and such work relations is also the intention. Due to the practical need for more flexible forms of employment, the aim of this thesis is to find our whether international standards and European Union regulations, governing major non-standard forms of work organisation, are properly implemented. The work is comprised of three parts that consistently owerview the main aspects of forms of employment: the concept of forms of work organization, the main legal form of employment is identified, the evolution of forms of legal regulation is summarized and factors that influence the emergence of new forms of forms of employment. The paper mostly focuses on the analysis of legal framework of flexible forms of organisation of work, the peculiarity and the problems. The need of obvious and accurate regulation of forms of employement organisation is presented. The analysis and conclusions submitted should be useful for further examination of theoretical and practical issues of forms of work organization, the regulatory challenges in pursuit for the harmonization of national legislation with the international and European law, as well as for the development and improvement of national legislation.

In this work, in accordance with international and European legal standards, the regulatory development and issues of institute of forms of work organisation in Lithuania are analysed. The basic form of work organisation is a non-term employment contract. From other forms of employment it is distinguished by the following characteristics: the relations between parties are bilateral (employee and employer), constant, based on remuneration, subordination and are performed in the premises of employer. These abovementioned relations can be called as typical and conventional. It should be noted that they reflect the best interests of both parties. However, due to the changes of labor market in the 21st century, standard rules, created in the first half of the 20th century, are dysfunctional and must be adapted to the modern labor relations. The development of flexible employment policy of the European Union, the economic globalization and related changes of employment, the need to promote employment, to integrate women, young and elderly people into the labor market and various other socio-economic factors inspire the emergence and implementation of flexible forms of organisation of work in the Lithuanian labor law. Next to a common employment contract more flexible forms of employment are distinguished in Labour Code of Republic of Lithuania. These forms are analysed in this work as well: a part-time work, fixed-term contracts, teleworking, etc. Legal regulation of the employment through temporary employment agencies and such work relations is also the intention. Due to the practical need for more flexible forms of employment, the aim of this thesis is to find our whether international standards and European Union regulations, governing major non-standard forms of work organisation, are properly implemented. The work is comprised of three parts that consistently owerview the main aspects of forms of employment: the concept of forms of work organization, the main legal form of employment is identified, the evolution of forms of legal regulation is summarized and factors that influence the emergence of new forms of forms of employment. The paper mostly focuses on the analysis of legal framework of flexible forms of organisation of work, the peculiarity and the problems. The need of obvious and accurate regulation of forms of employement organisation is presented. The analysis and conclusions submitted should be useful for further examination of theoretical and practical issues of forms of work organization, the regulatory challenges in pursuit for the harmonization of national legislation with the international and European law, as well as for the development and improvement of national legislation.

Design has been in a period of change for the last decade but design education and more specifically design educators haven't kept up with these transformations. As a result design students continue to learn outdated methods and techniques. A designer needs to understand processes methods and mediums of design. At all of these levels the process is the same while methods may change slightly and the medium differs dramatically. Without expertise in mediums a designer is only able to facilitate what others do ; they become a means or a manager a step in communication repeating existing content without adding value. This makes such an individual easily replaceable. Design education usually places an emphasis on medium usually at the expense of methods and processes. Students learn a process but they quite often learn without comprehending. They are unable to negotiate the steps necessary to adjust to the realities of the environment and in the end that reality may be troubling for such an idealistic student. Without understanding the design process design students have no way of understanding a design problem or how to add constraints in order to better shape the problem into something that is manageable. We need to find a way to educate future designers providing them with a firmer grasp of design processes and a variety of methods - in other words comprehensive expertise of a medium. This implies a longer course of study than a simple undergraduate degree and a few years of graduate work ; most professionals receive this training more by actually doing design work and skipping formal design education. While some of the inability to keep up with changes is due to the difficulty of revising the curriculum the largest issue appears to in terms of subject matter methods theory and the reluctance of educators to give up what they learned and have been teaching for decades so that they can make room for new material. Design students of the future must learn design during their formative years studying both the abstract and tactical. This approach challenges the traditional system in which educators who have repeated the same tired exercises for years may find themselves teaching something that it is without an audience and as a result they may well find themselves without a role to play. But the new approach will create a cadre of competent designers for industry government and the non-profit sector where design thinking and detailed knowledgeable design is fundamental to address the complex and dynamic qualities of our world. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Ayse Cakir Ilhan

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

In this master's thesis the regulation of flexible work forms in the new 2017 Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania was analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the peculiarities of regulation in the context of the challenges posed by precarious work and their practical application. To maintain consistency in the work, the distinction between standard forms of work and flexible forms of work is discussed first, the concept of precarious work and causes of precarious work are studied. The main ones are the uncertainty about the duration of employment, the accountability to the employer and the insecurity due to the lack of social security, low wages, legal and practical difficulties in joining trade unions are the cornerstones in defining precarious labour relations. Having defined the concepts of flexible forms of work and precarious work, the master's thesis analyzes these flexible forms of work in the Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania: fixed-term work, temporary employment (employment through employment agencies), job sharing, work for several employers, part-time work and remote work. The mandatory regulation of the European Union with regard to these forms of work is discussed as well as its transposition into the national legal system. The problem areas of flexible forms of work highlighted by various national and foreign authors are analyzed, reviews and researches prepared by international organizations and institutions on these issues are discussed as well as how all of these problems are solved or adressed in the new Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania, comparisons and statistics are presented.

This dissertation is a study of the experimental artistic practice of the group called Dvizhenie (The Movement) that was active in Moscow between 1964 and 1976 and associated with the Kinetic movement. The period of the group's activity coincided with a political transition in the USSR from later stages of The Khrushchev's Thaw characterised by cultural liberation and political reforms into The Stagnation era already defined by Leonid Brezhnev's rule and subsequently a more conservative and stricter governmental attitude towards artistic production. In this period of a little more than a decade, The Movement group was a single experimental union in the USSR that enjoyed public success and achieved a rapid transformation of their activities from small-scale exhibitions into public state commissions. In the course of this transition, the members of the group formed an entirely new artistic language that was neither similar to Socialist Realism nor to the tendencies of Abstract painting, which gained importance in the circles of experimental Soviet artists at the time. Instead, they turned to the aesthetics of Kinetic art, science- fiction and design and found inspiration in a dialogue with Russian Avant-garde tradition. The narrative of the dissertation follows the specificity of the experimental group's development in the defined stages and analyses how the group met with the challenges of censorship and opportunities of ideological collaborations. On a broader scale, the dissertation offers an investigation into the functions of experimental thinking in the USSR in the 1960s and evaluates the role of futuristic planning and artists' dialogue with the restored tradition of the 1920s Avant-garde projects.:Table of Contents List of illustrations.5 Acknowledgements.13 Introduction.15 State of Research.21 Methodology.29 Chapter I. 1960s Alternative Culture: in the USSR and Abroad.53 1.1. Defence of individualism: The Thaw (1954–1968).53 1.2. Open work against individualism: 1960s movement of Kinetic art.65 1.3. In transition to Kinetic art: the formation of The Movement group.71 Chapter II. Theory and Practice Of The Movement.81 2.1.Theoretical principles of the group: synthesis, symmetry, and movement.81 2.2."Towards Synthesis In Arts", 1964, Moscow.90 2.3.Architects or artists, 1965, Leningrad.102 2.4. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, 1966, Moscow.107 Chapter III. The Movement's Performances and Theatre Productions.115 3.1.Artistic strategies of performance in The Movement's practice.115 3.2.Humans and machines.123 3.3. Manifestation of the synthesis principle in performances.135 3.4.The symbolism of history in The Movement's productions.139 3.5.Escapism of the nature performances.143 3.6.The strategy of an artefact in Infante's work.150 Chapter IV. Sciences, State, and Culture.154 4.1.Kinetic art in urban and exhibition designs.154 4.2. Agitational art at the 1967 October Festival.159 4.3. Value of creativity and designs for "Orlenok", 1968.170 4.4.Exhibition designs.172 4.5.Art and the Stagnation period in the USSR.182 Chapter V. Futurism In The Movement's Projects.187 5.1. Artificial environments of the next century.187 5.2. The future is cybernetic.192 5.3. The power of play.195 5.4. Rationalising the unknown: transhumanism and space travel in The Movement's futurism.199 3 5.5. Why we need another utopia?.207 Chapter VI. The Movement: Separate and Abroad.217 6.1. The Movement as a part of the global network.217 6.2. The Movement as a part of dissident art and contemporary interpretations.222 6.3. Separate ways: Infante, Nussberg, Koleichuk.231 Epilogue.243 Bibliography.252 Illustrations.265

Recently, in the face of increasing attention to the tourist potential of developing and high-developed countries, thousands of works devoted to the theory of competition and the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of tourism enterprises in these regions. An indispensable condition for the tourist market is the fact that the implication of tourism product in a competitive environment based on the development of innovation allows certain competitive advantages in the long term. In the article – the concept of innovative tourism product as a prerequisite for competitiveness in the market of tourist services. It describes the factors of competitiveness of innovative tourism product. Thus, tourism product innovation is to promote tourism industry sustained and healthy development of the fundamental 538 driving force. The article also illustrates the core principles of tourism product innovation.