Suchergebnisse

The Scout movement in Lithuania underwent two stages of development - from a small and not very influential group of idealists to a large and state-supported organization having a monopoly to work with the Lithuanian youth. The turning point in the development of Scout organization in Lithuania was the passing of Lithuanian Scout Union law in 1930, whereby the state took the scouts under its patronage and control while banning all the other youth organizations, thus creating a conflict between the scouts and the "Ateitininkai" organization who had hitherto coexisted and collaborated. The attitude of the scouts in emigration to the passing of this law and the subsequent activity of state- controlled Scout organization was not unanimous and depended on personal experiences and values. There were no coherent and consistent discussions among the leaders of emigration Scouts – the majority of texts written on this topic was directly or indirectly influenced by the Lithuanian Scout organization. The first and only history of Lithuanian scouts was written by Petras Jurgėla, who saw the patronage of Nationalist government as bringing more harm than good for the Lithuanian Scout organization, because due to this patronage the Scouts became the field of political battles between the Nationalist and Roman Catholic powers. Most of the emigration scout leaders working with youth gave their positive or neutral assessment of 1930–1940 Lithuanian scouting either directly or ex-silentio.

The Scout movement in Lithuania underwent two stages of development - from a small and not very influential group of idealists to a large and state-supported organization having a monopoly to work with the Lithuanian youth. The turning point in the development of Scout organization in Lithuania was the passing of Lithuanian Scout Union law in 1930, whereby the state took the scouts under its patronage and control while banning all the other youth organizations, thus creating a conflict between the scouts and the "Ateitininkai" organization who had hitherto coexisted and collaborated. The attitude of the scouts in emigration to the passing of this law and the subsequent activity of state- controlled Scout organization was not unanimous and depended on personal experiences and values. There were no coherent and consistent discussions among the leaders of emigration Scouts – the majority of texts written on this topic was directly or indirectly influenced by the Lithuanian Scout organization. The first and only history of Lithuanian scouts was written by Petras Jurgėla, who saw the patronage of Nationalist government as bringing more harm than good for the Lithuanian Scout organization, because due to this patronage the Scouts became the field of political battles between the Nationalist and Roman Catholic powers. Most of the emigration scout leaders working with youth gave their positive or neutral assessment of 1930–1940 Lithuanian scouting either directly or ex-silentio.

The Scout movement in Lithuania underwent two stages of development - from a small and not very influential group of idealists to a large and state-supported organization having a monopoly to work with the Lithuanian youth. The turning point in the development of Scout organization in Lithuania was the passing of Lithuanian Scout Union law in 1930, whereby the state took the scouts under its patronage and control while banning all the other youth organizations, thus creating a conflict between the scouts and the "Ateitininkai" organization who had hitherto coexisted and collaborated. The attitude of the scouts in emigration to the passing of this law and the subsequent activity of state- controlled Scout organization was not unanimous and depended on personal experiences and values. There were no coherent and consistent discussions among the leaders of emigration Scouts – the majority of texts written on this topic was directly or indirectly influenced by the Lithuanian Scout organization. The first and only history of Lithuanian scouts was written by Petras Jurgėla, who saw the patronage of Nationalist government as bringing more harm than good for the Lithuanian Scout organization, because due to this patronage the Scouts became the field of political battles between the Nationalist and Roman Catholic powers. Most of the emigration scout leaders working with youth gave their positive or neutral assessment of 1930–1940 Lithuanian scouting either directly or ex-silentio.

The emphasis in the Community's and Union's treaties and charter on workers' rights and on the need to create conditions that would facilitate freedom of movement of labour between member states explains why issues concerned with the employment and equalization of working conditions have always been high on the policy agenda. With the launch of the European Monetary Union (EMU) and Euro, the debate on European solutions shifted focus towards structural policies, which are the necessary complement to the macroeconomic policy mix under EMU. Employment is the key ingredient of this debate. Indeed employment cuts across all the challenges of enlargement, the new financial framework and the EU structural funds, the promotion of economic and social cohesion, and institution reform. Throughout the 1970's and 1980's employment was present in the minds of the leaders of the then EEC when the four freedoms of movement of goods, services, capital and labour were promoted in Single Market. The subsequent evolution of employment strategy can be divided into two periods, the watershed of which is marked by new Treaty of Amsterdam, signed in October 1997. Before Amsterdam, employment and labour market policy was the sovereign domain of the Member States. The treaty does not change the basic principle that Member States take primary responsibility for employment policy. But it does entrust the European institutions, the Council and the Commission with a much stronger role, new tasks and more forceful tools. It involves the European Parliament more closely with the decision making process. Also, the responsibilities of the social partners and their opportunities to contribute are enhanced through the inclusion of the Social Protocol into the Treaty. Leaders of many Member States have been at the forefront in coordinating and implementing the European employment strategy. ; Europos Sąjunga (ES) vykdydama užimtumo ir socialinę politiką, siekia užtikrinti aukštą gyvenimo kokybę, žmogaus orumą atitinkantį gyvenimo lygį, sudaryti galimybes gyventi aktyvioje, integruotoje ir sveikoje visuomenėje. Ši politika padeda gerinti didžiosios dalies ES piliečių, tarp jų ir bedarbių, pagyvenusių žmonių, neįgaliųjų, socialiai atskirtųjų, darbo rinkoje skriminuojamų žmonių gyvenimą. Tai atitinka vieną svarbiausių ES socialinės politikos principų – piliečių solidarumo principą, būtiną kuriant stabilią visuomenę bei skatinant nuolatinį klestėjimą, kuris yra Europoje veikiančio socialinio modelio atskaitos taškas. ES gyventojai nepaliekami rinkos jėgų valiai – jie turi galimybę naudotis viena stipriausių pasaulio socialinės paramos sistemų. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti ES vykdomą užimtumo, kaip socialinės gerovės garanto, politiką, išanalizuoti ją lemiančias ES sutartis, aptarti ES socialinės politikos transformacijas pereinant prie vidaus rinkos ir įsigaliojus ES pilietybei. Tyrimo metodai – dokumentų, mokslinės literatūros analizė.

The prevailing globalization, technological advancement, increasing mobility of people, democratic upheavals and prospering market economics condition rapidly shifting social environment which, in turn, brings forth swift changes in culture and communities. The understanding of learning about the cultural and architectural heritage, its protection and promotion possibilities are strongly influenced by rapidly spreading technological innovations. The spread of the Internet and commonly accessible benefits, offered by the Global Positioning System (GPS), created the possibility for the formation of a new virtual geocaching movement, the activities of which were united on the www.geocaching.com website. The GPS, which originated in the United States of America in 1970, has been kept as a military secret for a long time. The new and advanced version was adapted to be freely used by the civilians; however, it had a rather significant error of up to 100 meters. Yet, as on May 2, 2000, the resolution passed by the President Bill Clinton prohibited the military from blocking the GPS signals. D. J. Ulmer, an engineer from the USA State of Oregon, made use of this situation and on May 3, 2000 hid a container in a forest, which he gave a rather peculiar name of "the Great American GPS Stash Hunt". Its coordinates were posted on one of the GPS user websites. This was the start of the virtual geocaching movement which currently has over 6 million of registered users promoting an active lifestyle and an attractive way of learning about the environment by offering each member of the society a possibility to present his or her well known locations through an individual prism of vision and perception. Geocaches are included in the non-formal education programs in many countries and are used as an appealing method to promote both material and non-material heritage.[.]

The prevailing globalization, technological advancement, increasing mobility of people, democratic upheavals and prospering market economics condition rapidly shifting social environment which, in turn, brings forth swift changes in culture and communities. The understanding of learning about the cultural and architectural heritage, its protection and promotion possibilities are strongly influenced by rapidly spreading technological innovations. The spread of the Internet and commonly accessible benefits, offered by the Global Positioning System (GPS), created the possibility for the formation of a new virtual geocaching movement, the activities of which were united on the www.geocaching.com website. The GPS, which originated in the United States of America in 1970, has been kept as a military secret for a long time. The new and advanced version was adapted to be freely used by the civilians; however, it had a rather significant error of up to 100 meters. Yet, as on May 2, 2000, the resolution passed by the President Bill Clinton prohibited the military from blocking the GPS signals. D. J. Ulmer, an engineer from the USA State of Oregon, made use of this situation and on May 3, 2000 hid a container in a forest, which he gave a rather peculiar name of "the Great American GPS Stash Hunt". Its coordinates were posted on one of the GPS user websites. This was the start of the virtual geocaching movement which currently has over 6 million of registered users promoting an active lifestyle and an attractive way of learning about the environment by offering each member of the society a possibility to present his or her well known locations through an individual prism of vision and perception. Geocaches are included in the non-formal education programs in many countries and are used as an appealing method to promote both material and non-material heritage.[.]

The prevailing globalization, technological advancement, increasing mobility of people, democratic upheavals and prospering market economics condition rapidly shifting social environment which, in turn, brings forth swift changes in culture and communities. The understanding of learning about the cultural and architectural heritage, its protection and promotion possibilities are strongly influenced by rapidly spreading technological innovations. The spread of the Internet and commonly accessible benefits, offered by the Global Positioning System (GPS), created the possibility for the formation of a new virtual geocaching movement, the activities of which were united on the www.geocaching.com website. The GPS, which originated in the United States of America in 1970, has been kept as a military secret for a long time. The new and advanced version was adapted to be freely used by the civilians; however, it had a rather significant error of up to 100 meters. Yet, as on May 2, 2000, the resolution passed by the President Bill Clinton prohibited the military from blocking the GPS signals. D. J. Ulmer, an engineer from the USA State of Oregon, made use of this situation and on May 3, 2000 hid a container in a forest, which he gave a rather peculiar name of "the Great American GPS Stash Hunt". Its coordinates were posted on one of the GPS user websites. This was the start of the virtual geocaching movement which currently has over 6 million of registered users promoting an active lifestyle and an attractive way of learning about the environment by offering each member of the society a possibility to present his or her well known locations through an individual prism of vision and perception. Geocaches are included in the non-formal education programs in many countries and are used as an appealing method to promote both material and non-material heritage.[.]

The theme of this study is the impact of the Chernobyl atomic power plant disaster (seen as a deterrent and a threat at the same time), on the socio-political discourse, collective memory and ecological consciousness. The problem raised in this study is deals with the ways to describe how and what kind of impact did Chernobyl have and who has felt it the most. The problem is still a topical issue considering the fact that most of the studies made by the Lithuanian scholars are concerned with one exact aspect of this complex theme. Thus the object of this study is the social, political and ecological impact seen in the light of the menace perception. The object implies the aim of this study – to seek out the ways this three-folded impact reveals itself. This study has a great significance because of the late events in Japan which lead many to the rethinking of nuclear policy, especially after the protests had erupted. As in Lithuania, the situation has not changed much as no new social movements started and people remain quite indifferent to the broader consequences of the energetic problems Lithuania now faces. The methods used in this study are the following: analytical, critical, comparative and descriptive while giving a strong emphasis on a theoretical basis needed for a successful understanding of such complex theme. The conclusions of this study would be that the Fukushima accident helped to rethink nuclear policy in many countries and ensure the goal of creating better security systems. It also has showed that not only the reactors made in USSRS are prone to various factors. The continuing usage of atomic power plants means that still we will be living in a (double) risk society for years to come and must cope with that, paying more attention to our environment and thinking about the future we will leave for our posterity.

The theme of this study is the impact of the Chernobyl atomic power plant disaster (seen as a deterrent and a threat at the same time), on the socio-political discourse, collective memory and ecological consciousness. The problem raised in this study is deals with the ways to describe how and what kind of impact did Chernobyl have and who has felt it the most. The problem is still a topical issue considering the fact that most of the studies made by the Lithuanian scholars are concerned with one exact aspect of this complex theme. Thus the object of this study is the social, political and ecological impact seen in the light of the menace perception. The object implies the aim of this study – to seek out the ways this three-folded impact reveals itself. This study has a great significance because of the late events in Japan which lead many to the rethinking of nuclear policy, especially after the protests had erupted. As in Lithuania, the situation has not changed much as no new social movements started and people remain quite indifferent to the broader consequences of the energetic problems Lithuania now faces. The methods used in this study are the following: analytical, critical, comparative and descriptive while giving a strong emphasis on a theoretical basis needed for a successful understanding of such complex theme. The conclusions of this study would be that the Fukushima accident helped to rethink nuclear policy in many countries and ensure the goal of creating better security systems. It also has showed that not only the reactors made in USSRS are prone to various factors. The continuing usage of atomic power plants means that still we will be living in a (double) risk society for years to come and must cope with that, paying more attention to our environment and thinking about the future we will leave for our posterity.

The theme of this study is the impact of the Chernobyl atomic power plant disaster (seen as a deterrent and a threat at the same time), on the socio-political discourse, collective memory and ecological consciousness. The problem raised in this study is deals with the ways to describe how and what kind of impact did Chernobyl have and who has felt it the most. The problem is still a topical issue considering the fact that most of the studies made by the Lithuanian scholars are concerned with one exact aspect of this complex theme. Thus the object of this study is the social, political and ecological impact seen in the light of the menace perception. The object implies the aim of this study – to seek out the ways this three-folded impact reveals itself. This study has a great significance because of the late events in Japan which lead many to the rethinking of nuclear policy, especially after the protests had erupted. As in Lithuania, the situation has not changed much as no new social movements started and people remain quite indifferent to the broader consequences of the energetic problems Lithuania now faces. The methods used in this study are the following: analytical, critical, comparative and descriptive while giving a strong emphasis on a theoretical basis needed for a successful understanding of such complex theme. The conclusions of this study would be that the Fukushima accident helped to rethink nuclear policy in many countries and ensure the goal of creating better security systems. It also has showed that not only the reactors made in USSRS are prone to various factors. The continuing usage of atomic power plants means that still we will be living in a (double) risk society for years to come and must cope with that, paying more attention to our environment and thinking about the future we will leave for our posterity.

Objective of the thesis: Possibilities for cooperation between social and cultural sectors ensuring the development of new and relevant cultural services in modern society. The following tasks have been set to achieve the goal: 1. To analyze and define the field and peculiarities of cross-sectoral (social protection and cultural sectors) cooperation, based on the European Union and Lithuania's strategical documents and programs; 2. Define the peculiarities of cross-sectoral project management and the possibilities for strengthening it; 3. Identify research methods of cross-sectoral project's feedback; 4.To summarize the results of the analysis and research of theoretical sources and models, to provide recommendations and suggestions for the development of cooperation between social and cultural sectors and creation of new cultural services; 5. To present recommendations for strengthening the \"Child line\" and cultural sector's cooperation. The aim and objectives of the thesis are reached by summarizing theoretical sources and research results. In the course of the research, a quantitative survey method was used - a questionnaire survey and qualitative method - four in-depth interviews with practitioners of social art projects. By structuring theoretical insights and research results presented in the work, challenges and development possibilities of cross-sectoral (social and cultural field) cooperation are defined, the experiences of good cross-sectoral project's implementation are summarized, and recommendations for strengthening the cooperation between "Child line" and cultural sector are presented. Main findings of the thesis: • The hypothesis has been confirmed: cross-sectoral (social and cultural sector) cooperation strengthens both - the development of new cultural services and contributes to a positive impact on human well-being and health. • Projects in the field of art, health and well-being, involving cultural, social and health sectors, can contribute in strenghtening the cultural sector's role in ...

Objective of the thesis: Possibilities for cooperation between social and cultural sectors ensuring the development of new and relevant cultural services in modern society. The following tasks have been set to achieve the goal: 1. To analyze and define the field and peculiarities of cross-sectoral (social protection and cultural sectors) cooperation, based on the European Union and Lithuania's strategical documents and programs; 2. Define the peculiarities of cross-sectoral project management and the possibilities for strengthening it; 3. Identify research methods of cross-sectoral project's feedback; 4.To summarize the results of the analysis and research of theoretical sources and models, to provide recommendations and suggestions for the development of cooperation between social and cultural sectors and creation of new cultural services; 5. To present recommendations for strengthening the \"Child line\" and cultural sector's cooperation. The aim and objectives of the thesis are reached by summarizing theoretical sources and research results. In the course of the research, a quantitative survey method was used - a questionnaire survey and qualitative method - four in-depth interviews with practitioners of social art projects. By structuring theoretical insights and research results presented in the work, challenges and development possibilities of cross-sectoral (social and cultural field) cooperation are defined, the experiences of good cross-sectoral project's implementation are summarized, and recommendations for strengthening the cooperation between "Child line" and cultural sector are presented. Main findings of the thesis: • The hypothesis has been confirmed: cross-sectoral (social and cultural sector) cooperation strengthens both - the development of new cultural services and contributes to a positive impact on human well-being and health. • Projects in the field of art, health and well-being, involving cultural, social and health sectors, can contribute in strenghtening the cultural sector's role in strategic policy documents and programs and expand potential sources of funding. • The cultural sector has the potential to be not only an important participant in cross-sectoral cooperation that contributes to addressing the societal challenges, but also to take the lead in creating new cultural services. • Several aspects are important to ensure effective cross-sectoral cooperation (both formal and informal): equitable, respectful communication with partners, leadership, assumption of responsibility, common sense of understanding (often associated with meaning, personal motivation), long-term (ongoing) funding of projects. • One of the most important current challenges for cross-sectoral projects is research for the impact of art on health and well-being. It is important to strengthen and develop this research area, thus developing and promoting cooperation between the social and cultural sectors, ensuring the continuity of successful project experience, and sharing good practice examples.

Objective of the thesis: Possibilities for cooperation between social and cultural sectors ensuring the development of new and relevant cultural services in modern society. The following tasks have been set to achieve the goal: 1. To analyze and define the field and peculiarities of cross-sectoral (social protection and cultural sectors) cooperation, based on the European Union and Lithuania's strategical documents and programs; 2. Define the peculiarities of cross-sectoral project management and the possibilities for strengthening it; 3. Identify research methods of cross-sectoral project's feedback; 4.To summarize the results of the analysis and research of theoretical sources and models, to provide recommendations and suggestions for the development of cooperation between social and cultural sectors and creation of new cultural services; 5. To present recommendations for strengthening the \"Child line\" and cultural sector's cooperation. The aim and objectives of the thesis are reached by summarizing theoretical sources and research results. In the course of the research, a quantitative survey method was used - a questionnaire survey and qualitative method - four in-depth interviews with practitioners of social art projects. By structuring theoretical insights and research results presented in the work, challenges and development possibilities of cross-sectoral (social and cultural field) cooperation are defined, the experiences of good cross-sectoral project's implementation are summarized, and recommendations for strengthening the cooperation between "Child line" and cultural sector are presented. Main findings of the thesis: • The hypothesis has been confirmed: cross-sectoral (social and cultural sector) cooperation strengthens both - the development of new cultural services and contributes to a positive impact on human well-being and health. • Projects in the field of art, health and well-being, involving cultural, social and health sectors, can contribute in strenghtening the cultural sector's role in strategic policy documents and programs and expand potential sources of funding. • The cultural sector has the potential to be not only an important participant in cross-sectoral cooperation that contributes to addressing the societal challenges, but also to take the lead in creating new cultural services. • Several aspects are important to ensure effective cross-sectoral cooperation (both formal and informal): equitable, respectful communication with partners, leadership, assumption of responsibility, common sense of understanding (often associated with meaning, personal motivation), long-term (ongoing) funding of projects. • One of the most important current challenges for cross-sectoral projects is research for the impact of art on health and well-being. It is important to strengthen and develop this research area, thus developing and promoting cooperation between the social and cultural sectors, ensuring the continuity of successful project experience, and sharing good practice examples.