Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- TRADE NET MIGRATION AND AGRICULTURE: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EXTERNALRISKS AND THE NEW ZEALAND ECONOMY -- A. The Interaction of External Risks and Linkages in New Zealand -- B. Spillovers from a Growth Slowdown in China -- C. Spillovers from the Interplay of Net Migration and the Australian Economy -- D. Spillovers to New Zealand's Agriculture Sector -- E. Conclusions -- References -- BOX -- 1. ANZIMF - The Australia-New Zealand Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model -- FIGURES -- 1. New Zealand's Agricultural Exports -- 2. New Zealand's Services Exports -- 3. Growth Slowdown in China - Outcomes in China -- 4. Growth Slowdown in China - Spillovers to New Zealand -- 5. Growth Slowdown in China - Net Migration Effects in New Zealand -- 6. Growth Slowdown in China with Various New Zealand Policy Options -- 7. Growth Slowdown in China with Fiscal Stimulus in Different Economies -- 8. Growth Slowdown in Australia - Outcomes in Australia -- 9. Growth Slowdown in Australia - Spillovers to New Zealand -- 10. Growth Slowdown in Australia - Net Migration Effects in New Zealand -- 11. Agriculture Sector Risk Scenarios -- TABLE -- 1. Trade Patterns in ANZIMF -- ANNEXES -- I. Key Assumptions Underlying the Simulations -- II. New Zealand's Fiscal Multipliers in ANZIMF -- QUANTIFYING CONSUMPTION-EQUIVALENT WELFARE IN NEW ZEALAND -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Consumption-Equivalent Welfare vs. Income, 2017 -- 2. New Zealand, Welfare Index in 2017 -- 3. Progress in Welfare Over Time -- TABLES -- 1. Mapping Consumption-Equivalent Welfare (CEWS) Indicators Into Living StandardsFramework (LSF) -- 2. Welfare Indicators, 2017 -- 3. Growth of Welfare, Income, and Components, 2007-2017 -- INTERACTION BETWEEN MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL STABILITY IN NEWZEALAND -- A. Introduction -- B. A Review of the Debate on Monetary Policy and Financial Stability.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT IN NEW ZEALAND: GAPS AND MULTIPLIER EFFECTS -- A. Introduction -- B. A Baseline for the Infrastructure Investment Gap -- C. Benefits from Closing the Infrastructure Investment Gap -- D. Closing the Gap as a Tool for Fiscal Policy -- E. Conclusions -- BOXES -- 1. The Six Step Methodology of the Global Infrastructure Outlook -- 2. ANZIMF - The Australia-New Zealand Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model -- 3. Choosing the Output Elasticity for the Regions in Need of Development -- FIGURES -- 1. Global Infrastructure Needs versus Trends and Historical Averages -- 2. New Zealand's Infrastructure Needs versus Comparators -- 3. Infrastructure Components for New Zealand -- 4. Infrastructure Investment Gap for New Zealand -- 5. Closing the Baseline Infrastructure Investment Gap by 2040 -- 6. Infrastructure Investment Gaps -- 7. Closing the Gap Earlier -- 8. Average Annual Household Income Growth, 2007-2017 -- 9. Matching Infrastructure Infrastructure Quality in Terms of Real GDP -- TABLES -- 1. Closing the Infrastructure Investment Gap for Regional Development -- 2. Infrastructure Quality Scores -- References -- REVAMPING INFLATION TARGETING IN NEW ZEALAND 30 YEARS AFTER ITS INCEPTION -- A. Introduction -- B. Evolution and Performance of Inflation Targeting in New Zealand -- C. Operationalization of the Dual Mandate -- D. Conclusion -- BOX -- 1. The Specification of the Output/Employment Goal for the Fed and the RBA -- FIGURES -- 1. Dincer-Eichengreen Central Bank Transparency Index -- 2. Inflation and Expected Inflation -- 3. Output Gap in Selected Economies -- 4. Official Cash Rate and Inflation and Output Gap -- 5. Revisions to the Projections in the Monetary Policy Statements -- 6. Anchoring of Inflation Expectations (2015-2018) -- 7. Illustrative Loss Functions (2012-2018) -- TABLES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- Acronyms -- SUMMARY OF MISSION OUTCOMES AND PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- A. Context -- B. New Zealand's Financial System -- DETAILED TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- A. Compilation of Monetary and Financial Statistics -- B. Use of MFS Derived from the SRFs -- C. Data Provision to the Fund -- D. Future MFS Developments, Training, and Technical Assistance -- ACTION PLAN -- TABLES -- 1. Priority Recommendations -- 2. Financial System -- 3. New Zealand: Mission's Recommendations -- APPENDIX -- I. IFS Country Notes for New Zealand.

This comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of New Zealand examines how innovation has affected economic performance in New Zealand. It looks at who the actors are and how they are related to each other. And it examines in detail the role of the government and the effectiveness of the system. Finally, it makes a series of recommendations

This comprehensive review of New Zealand's envirionmental policies and programmes covers environmental management including waste and water management; nature and biodiversity conservation; economy and the environment; agriculture, forestry and the environment; the environmental-social interface; and international co-operation. It includes a series of recommendations as well as a rich statistical annex

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- A. Recent Developments -- B. Outlook -- C. Risks -- D. The Authorities' Views on Outlook and Risks -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Monetary and Fiscal Policy -- B. Strengthening Macro-Financial Resilience -- C. Supporting Growth Opportunities -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Local Governments and the Housing Supply Constraints -- FIGURES -- 1. Output and Prices -- 2. Considerations for Monetary Policy -- 3. External Developments -- 4. Fiscal Developments -- 5. Housing Market -- 6. Banking Sector -- 7. Key Macro-Financial Trends -- 8. Residential Housing Loans: Risk Profile -- TABLES -- 1. Main Economic Indicators, 2010-2022 -- 2. Fiscal Accounts, 2011/12-2021/22 -- 3. Balance of Payments, 2010-2022 -- 4. Monetary and Financial Sector, 2014-2022 -- 5. Financial Sector Indicators, 2010-2016Q3 -- ANNEXES -- I. New Zealand's External Balance Sheet: Developments and Risk Profile -- II. External Sector Assessment -- III. Risk Assessment Matrix -- IV. Macroeconomic Effects of Migration in New Zealand -- V. Macroprudential Measures -- VI. External and Fiscal DSAs -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES