A newborn's murder committed by his/her mother always causes an exceptional emotional response in the society. The fact of neonaticide evokes emotions not only because a new life is the most vulnerable part of the society unable to defend itself, but also the mother's aggression directed to her own " flesh and blood" contradicts the laws of existence, denies the power of mother instincts, unconditional love for her children. The aim of the work is to study the legal regulation in Lithuania, prevalence, dynamics of this crime, its murder locations, social characteristics of offenders, possibilities of applying preventive, rehabilitative measures and the new prospects to enlarge the efficiency of the legal persecution of the neonaticide in Lithuania. The retrospective investigation was conducted in a period from 1990 to 2012 by examining depersonalised statistical cards provided by The Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the 92 SVEIKATOS POLITIKA IR VALDYMAS Interior of the Republic of Lithuania. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of neonaticide was carried out in terms of a holistic generalisation of the issue, i.e., the infanticide situation in Lithuania has been investigated in depth, practical recommendations have been provided to introduce new concepts to the scientific doctrine, to adjust the existing legal acts on neonaticide and to develop new legal acts, as well as introduce preventive and rehabilitative measures. Results have shown that women, who murdered their first-day newborn at the time of delivery or shortly thereafter, were relatively young, with low education, without any profession or occupation at the time of the crime. The most common crime location is village, inside the residential place of a woman. Lithuania has not yet adopted a legal neonaticide prevention system. In Lithuania, the legal provisions relating to the murder of newborn should be improved.
A newborn's murder committed by his/her mother always causes an exceptional emotional response in the society. The fact of neonaticide evokes emotions not only because a new life is the most vulnerable part of the society unable to defend itself, but also the mother's aggression directed to her own " flesh and blood" contradicts the laws of existence, denies the power of mother instincts, unconditional love for her children. The aim of the work is to study the legal regulation in Lithuania, prevalence, dynamics of this crime, its murder locations, social characteristics of offenders, possibilities of applying preventive, rehabilitative measures and the new prospects to enlarge the efficiency of the legal persecution of the neonaticide in Lithuania. The retrospective investigation was conducted in a period from 1990 to 2012 by examining depersonalised statistical cards provided by The Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the 92 SVEIKATOS POLITIKA IR VALDYMAS Interior of the Republic of Lithuania. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of neonaticide was carried out in terms of a holistic generalisation of the issue, i.e., the infanticide situation in Lithuania has been investigated in depth, practical recommendations have been provided to introduce new concepts to the scientific doctrine, to adjust the existing legal acts on neonaticide and to develop new legal acts, as well as introduce preventive and rehabilitative measures. Results have shown that women, who murdered their first-day newborn at the time of delivery or shortly thereafter, were relatively young, with low education, without any profession or occupation at the time of the crime. The most common crime location is village, inside the residential place of a woman. Lithuania has not yet adopted a legal neonaticide prevention system. In Lithuania, the legal provisions relating to the murder of newborn should be improved.
A newborn's murder committed by his/her mother always causes an exceptional emotional response in the society. The fact of neonaticide evokes emotions not only because a new life is the most vulnerable part of the society unable to defend itself, but also the mother's aggression directed to her own " flesh and blood" contradicts the laws of existence, denies the power of mother instincts, unconditional love for her children. The aim of the work is to study the legal regulation in Lithuania, prevalence, dynamics of this crime, its murder locations, social characteristics of offenders, possibilities of applying preventive, rehabilitative measures and the new prospects to enlarge the efficiency of the legal persecution of the neonaticide in Lithuania. The retrospective investigation was conducted in a period from 1990 to 2012 by examining depersonalised statistical cards provided by The Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the 92 SVEIKATOS POLITIKA IR VALDYMAS Interior of the Republic of Lithuania. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of neonaticide was carried out in terms of a holistic generalisation of the issue, i.e., the infanticide situation in Lithuania has been investigated in depth, practical recommendations have been provided to introduce new concepts to the scientific doctrine, to adjust the existing legal acts on neonaticide and to develop new legal acts, as well as introduce preventive and rehabilitative measures. Results have shown that women, who murdered their first-day newborn at the time of delivery or shortly thereafter, were relatively young, with low education, without any profession or occupation at the time of the crime. The most common crime location is village, inside the residential place of a woman. Lithuania has not yet adopted a legal neonaticide prevention system. In Lithuania, the legal provisions relating to the murder of newborn should be improved.
A newborn's murder committed by his/her mother always causes an exceptional emotional response in the society. The fact of neonaticide evokes emotions not only because a new life is the most vulnerable part of the society unable to defend itself, but also the mother's aggression directed to her own " flesh and blood" contradicts the laws of existence, denies the power of mother instincts, unconditional love for her children. The aim of the work is to study the legal regulation in Lithuania, prevalence, dynamics of this crime, its murder locations, social characteristics of offenders, possibilities of applying preventive, rehabilitative measures and the new prospects to enlarge the efficiency of the legal persecution of the neonaticide in Lithuania. The retrospective investigation was conducted in a period from 1990 to 2012 by examining depersonalised statistical cards provided by The Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the 92 SVEIKATOS POLITIKA IR VALDYMAS Interior of the Republic of Lithuania. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of neonaticide was carried out in terms of a holistic generalisation of the issue, i.e., the infanticide situation in Lithuania has been investigated in depth, practical recommendations have been provided to introduce new concepts to the scientific doctrine, to adjust the existing legal acts on neonaticide and to develop new legal acts, as well as introduce preventive and rehabilitative measures. Results have shown that women, who murdered their first-day newborn at the time of delivery or shortly thereafter, were relatively young, with low education, without any profession or occupation at the time of the crime. The most common crime location is village, inside the residential place of a woman. Lithuania has not yet adopted a legal neonaticide prevention system. In Lithuania, the legal provisions relating to the murder of newborn should be improved.
AbstractAlthough women accused of murdering their newborn infants were tried under the 1624 Act to Prevent the Destroying and Murdering of Bastard Children throughout the eighteenth century, their treatment changed significantly, at least in London, between the last quarter of the seventeenth century and 1803. This article charts these changes through an analysis of the accounts of trials held at the Old Bailey. These reflect three interwoven and interdependent strands of change: the development of a range of successful defence strategies, changes in courtroom procedures and the increased participation of lawyers, and a greater use of and reliance on medical witnesses and their evidence.
The article provides a criminal description of a privileged type of murder is the premeditated murder by the mother of her newborn child. The aim is to solve the problems of law enforcement for the correct qualification that exist in modern criminal law. The study focused on the main problematic aspects that are inherent in article 117 of the Criminal Code. Considerable attention is paid to the establishment of subjective and objective features that are inherent in this criminal offense. An inspection of the object of the crime under article 117 of the Criminal Code, which is only a person who has a special relationship with the child. The article lists the subjects who may have this connection. Problematic issues related to the time of the murder of the mother of her newborn child as an important element of the objective side were analyzed. The main problem was to clarify the time of the murder during child-birth and after. To achieve this goal was studied not only legal norms but also medical practice. The article analyzes the opinions of various scholars who have considered the period of time required to commit this criminal offense. Also in the article we paid attention to another point of discussion about an essential element of the subjective side, such as the presence of a special psychophysical state of the mother. To determine it, an analysis of the relevant rules was carried out and case law was considered. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, we evaluated other experience and compared it with Ukrainian legislation. In addition, attention is paid to the question of the subject's intent and the moment associated with its occurrence. In order to accurately understand the content of the crime provided for in article 117 of the Criminal Code, it was separated from the crime provided for in Part 3 of article 135 of the Criminal Code. A mother's endangerment of a newborn child if it has caused death or other serious consequences is very similar to the murder of the mother of her newborn child, but they are different. At the end of the article there is an own opinion on possible changes in the legislation and a more detailed clarification of all necessary aspects for further correct classification of the crime. ; У статті здійснено кримінально-правову характеристику привілейованого виду вбивства - умисне вбив-ство матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини. За мету поставлено розв'язання проблем правозастосування для правильної кваліфікації, які існують в сучасному кримінальному законодавстві. Дослідження було зо-середжено на головних проблематичних аспектах, які притаманні ст. 117 КК. Значна увага приділяється встановленню суб'єктивних та об'єктивних ознак, які притаманні цьому кримінальному правопорушенню. Здійснено огляд об'єкта злочину за ст. 117 КК, яким є лише особа, що має особливий зв'язок з дитиною. У статті наведено суб'єктів, які можуть мати цей зв'язок. Було проаналізовано проблемні питання, що стосу-ються часу вчинення убивства матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини як вважливого елементу об'єктивної сторони. Головна проблема полягала в уточненні часу убивства під час пологів та після. Для досягнення мети досліджувалися не лише правові норми, а й медична практика. У статті проаналізовано думки різних науковців, які розглядали проміжок часу, необхідний для вчинення цього кримінального правопорушення. Також у статті ми приділили увагу іншому дискусійному моменту про істотний елемент суб'єктивної сто-рони такий як наявність особливого психофізичного стану породіллі. Для його визначення було здійснено аналіз відповідних норм та розглянуто судову практику. Беручи до уваги досвід зарубіжних країн, ми оціни-ли інший досвід та зрівняли з українським законодавством. Додатково увага приділена й питанню умислу суб'єкта та моменту, пов'язаного з його виникненням. Для точного розуміння змісту злочину, передбаченого статтею 117 КК, було проведено його відмежування від злочину, що передбачений в ч. 3 ст. 135 КК. Зали-шення в небезпеці, вчинене матір'ю стосовно новонародженої дитини, якщо воно спричинило смерть або інші тяжкі наслідки дуже схоже до вбивства матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини, проте їхні склади все ж розмежовуються. Наприкінці статті надається власний висновок стосовно можливих змін в законодавстві та більш детального уточнення усіх необхідних аспектів для подальшої правильної кваліфікації злочину.
The article provides a criminal description of a privileged type of murder is the premeditated murder by the mother of her newborn child. The aim is to solve the problems of law enforcement for the correct qualification that exist in modern criminal law. The study focused on the main problematic aspects that are inherent in article 117 of the Criminal Code. Considerable attention is paid to the establishment of subjective and objective features that are inherent in this criminal offense. An inspection of the object of the crime under article 117 of the Criminal Code, which is only a person who has a special relationship with the child. The article lists the subjects who may have this connection. Problematic issues related to the time of the murder of the mother of her newborn child as an important element of the objective side were analyzed. The main problem was to clarify the time of the murder during child-birth and after. To achieve this goal was studied not only legal norms but also medical practice. The article analyzes the opinions of various scholars who have considered the period of time required to commit this criminal offense. Also in the article we paid attention to another point of discussion about an essential element of the subjective side, such as the presence of a special psychophysical state of the mother. To determine it, an analysis of the relevant rules was carried out and case law was considered. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, we evaluated other experience and compared it with Ukrainian legislation. In addition, attention is paid to the question of the subject's intent and the moment associated with its occurrence. In order to accurately understand the content of the crime provided for in article 117 of the Criminal Code, it was separated from the crime provided for in Part 3 of article 135 of the Criminal Code. A mother's endangerment of a newborn child if it has caused death or other serious consequences is very similar to the murder of the mother of her newborn child, but they are different. At the end of the article there is an own opinion on possible changes in the legislation and a more detailed clarification of all necessary aspects for further correct classification of the crime. ; У статті здійснено кримінально-правову характеристику привілейованого виду вбивства - умисне вбив-ство матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини. За мету поставлено розв'язання проблем правозастосування для правильної кваліфікації, які існують в сучасному кримінальному законодавстві. Дослідження було зо-середжено на головних проблематичних аспектах, які притаманні ст. 117 КК. Значна увага приділяється встановленню суб'єктивних та об'єктивних ознак, які притаманні цьому кримінальному правопорушенню. Здійснено огляд об'єкта злочину за ст. 117 КК, яким є лише особа, що має особливий зв'язок з дитиною. У статті наведено суб'єктів, які можуть мати цей зв'язок. Було проаналізовано проблемні питання, що стосу-ються часу вчинення убивства матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини як вважливого елементу об'єктивної сторони. Головна проблема полягала в уточненні часу убивства під час пологів та після. Для досягнення мети досліджувалися не лише правові норми, а й медична практика. У статті проаналізовано думки різних науковців, які розглядали проміжок часу, необхідний для вчинення цього кримінального правопорушення. Також у статті ми приділили увагу іншому дискусійному моменту про істотний елемент суб'єктивної сто-рони такий як наявність особливого психофізичного стану породіллі. Для його визначення було здійснено аналіз відповідних норм та розглянуто судову практику. Беручи до уваги досвід зарубіжних країн, ми оціни-ли інший досвід та зрівняли з українським законодавством. Додатково увага приділена й питанню умислу суб'єкта та моменту, пов'язаного з його виникненням. Для точного розуміння змісту злочину, передбаченого статтею 117 КК, було проведено його відмежування від злочину, що передбачений в ч. 3 ст. 135 КК. Зали-шення в небезпеці, вчинене матір'ю стосовно новонародженої дитини, якщо воно спричинило смерть або інші тяжкі наслідки дуже схоже до вбивства матір'ю своєї новонародженої дитини, проте їхні склади все ж розмежовуються. Наприкінці статті надається власний висновок стосовно можливих змін в законодавстві та більш детального уточнення усіх необхідних аспектів для подальшої правильної кваліфікації злочину.
В статье автор рассматривает некоторые проблемы квалификации описания состава преступления и классификации убийства матерью новорождённого ребенка по отечественному законодательству. В работе рассмотрены как уже изученные и проанализированные материалы по проблемам квалификации данного состава, так и самостоятельно сделанные выводы, отмеченные в ходе исследования. На основе проведённого анализа автором разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию действующего законодательного и правоприменительного подхода в данной области. В действующем Уголовном кодексе Российской Федерации по данной статье существует множество проблем для правоприменителя, а именно проблемы, связанные с точной регламентацией ряда моментов и понятий. В исследуемой статье затронуты проблемы, связанные с определением начала жизни, окончания жизни, периода новорождённости, ответственностью за преступление, совершённое в соучастии, а также за убийство матерью двух и более новорождённых детей. Немаловажным является и раскрытие условий психотравмирующей ситуации как одного из альтернативных действий объективной стороны преступления. ; In the article, the author considers some problems of qualifying the description of the crime and the classification of the murder of the newborn baby's mother under the national legislation. The paper considers both the materials that have already been studied and analyzed materials on the problems of qualification of this composition, as well as independently drawn conclusions noted in the course of the study. Based on the analysis, the author developed recommendations on improving the current legislative and law enforcement approach in this area. There are many problems for law enforcement on this article in the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, exactly the problems associated with the exact regulation of a number of times and concepts. The article touches the problems associated with determination of the beginning of life, the end of life, the period of newborns, the responsibility for the crime that committed in complicity, as well as for the murder by the mother of two or more newborns. The important thing here too is the disclosure of the conditions of the psychotraumatic situation, as one of the alternative actions of the objective side of the crime.
This article will both explore and thereby establish the medical, ethical, and legal validity of selective nontreatment of severely handicapped newborns. A construct for principled decision-making, tied to a basic recognition of the right of self-determination, as shaped by compassion and validated principles of triage and cost-benefit analysis, will be seen as the most effective means for the states-and not the federal government-to evaluate the intensely complex issues associated with allocating scarce medical resources to defective infants. Governmental intrusions into the familial decision- making forum in these circumstances must be kept to a minimum and allowed only in grave cases.
This article outlines the arts-based research practices used in my doctoral thesis to explore the lived experience of Mary Summerland, a 20-year-old, unmarried woman, who, in 1832, was accused of murdering her newborn baby boy at the port town of Fremantle, Western Australia. In my thesis, Mary's story, entitled Unearthing Mary Summerland, is told in three interwoven voices that blend to form an interpretation of her lived experience. The first voice is historical, a comprehensive non-fiction narration of Mary Summerland's story that analyses the scant surviving historical documentation; the second is musing, a reflexive examination of the politics of my own knowledge-making practices; and the third voice recounts my informed imagination, a fictionalized imagining, informed by detailed historical research, of what might have happened to Mary Summerland, her son and the other inhabitants of colonial Fremantle in 1832 when Mary's murder investigation was taking place.
В статье анализируются понятие "беспомощное состояние потерпевшего" и сложности, возникающие в судебной практике при применении нового законодательства, исследуется соотношение убийства лица, заведомо для виновного находящегося в беспомощном состоянии, с другими видами убийства, в частности, убийством с особой жестокостью и убийством матерью новорожденного ребенка. Автор приходит к выводу о нецелесообразности выделения в уголовном законе рассматриваемого вида убийства в качестве самостоятельного квалифицированного состава. ; The article analyses the concept «helpless condition of a victim» and difficulties which arise in judicial practice as the new legislation is applied. Also correlation between murder of a person, obviously known to the accused to be in helpless condition, and other kinds of murder, particularly murder with fierce violence and murder by the mother of a newborn, is studied. The author comes to a conclusion about inexpediency of distinguishing the considered crime into separate facts of the murder under aggravating circumstances.
Анализируются мнения исследователей о законодательной конструкции нормы, предусматривающей ответственность за убийство матерью новорожденного ребенка, высказывается предложение о совершенствовании нормы, в связи с переходом на новые критерии «живорождения» детей утвержденные Всемирной организации здравоохранения ; Researchers analyzed opinions on legislative design standards stipulating responsibility for the murder of the mother of a newborn baby, makes suggestions for improving standards in connection with the transition to the new criteria of "live birth" children approved by the World Health Organization.
