Suchergebnisse

AbstractThroughout the past 30 years, there has been a lot of controversy surrounding the proliferation of new forms of health care delivery organizations that challenge and compete with general NFP community hospitals. Traditionally, the health care system in the United States has been dominated by general NFP (NFP) voluntary hospitals. With the number of for‐profit general hospitals, physician‐owned specialty hospitals, and ambulatory surgical centers increasing, a question arises: "Why is the general NFP community hospital the dominant model?" In order to address this question, this paper reexamines the history of the hospital industry. By understanding how the "general NFP hospital" model emerged and dominated, we attempt to explain the current dominance of general NFP hospitals in the ever changing hospital industry in the United States.

Die Resultate des nationalen Forschungsprogramms NFP 42plus "Beziehungen Schweiz-Südafrika" zeigen, dass die schweizerische Außen- und Wirtschaftspolitik gegenüber dem südafrikanischen Apartheidregime sich bis zu dessen Abschaffung 1994 durch Verständnis, Kollaboration und heimliche Unterstützung auszeichnete. Gleichzeitig wurden das Parlament sowie die schweizerische und internationale Öffentlichkeit wiederholt falsch informiert sowie belastendes und völkerrechtswidriges Handeln vertuscht. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entstehungsgeschichte des Forschungsprogramms. Seit den 1970er Jahren wurden immer wieder - vornehmlich aus Kreisen der Anti-Apartheid-Bewegung - kritische Fragen zum Kriegsmaterial- und Kapitalexport, zum Goldhandel, zur Exportrisikogarantie, zu den Arbeitsbedingungen in Schweizer Firmen und zum Uranhandel aufgeworfen. Später gelangten Informationen zur militärischen Kooperation und 1997 eine Geheimdienstaffäre (u.a. Zusammenarbeit an einem geheimen Chemiewaffenprogramm) an die Öffentlichkeit. Insgesamt zeigen die Berichte eine enge Verflechtung von Wirtschaft und Politik und eine Zensur der Berichterstattung im Dienste der Wirtschaft. (ICA2)

The importance of the role of management accounting (MA) in measuring emerging non‐financial performance (NFP) is increasing, especially in the service sector. However, there are a number of studies concerning NFP measures, but comparatively little is known about non‐financial MA measures in services and almost nothing in banks/financial institutions (BFI). Taking into consideration the need for studying MA practices in measuring emerging NFP in the service industry, an attempt has been made in this paper to investigate the practice of MA in NFP measurement in Finnish BFI. Several factors have been identified, in the context of "New Institutional Sociology" theory that influence NFP measures, of which economic impact is the most influential, followed, subsequently by coercive, normative and mimetic pressures. Accordingly, the empirical findings of this research are evaluated, and consequently, it has been used to modify the theory for further research that fits with the dynamic nature of NFP in the financial industry.

Im Herbst 2010 kamen 21 Forschungsteams aus allen Landesteilen der Schweiz zusammen, um neue Wissensgrundlagen und Handlungsempfehlungen für eine nachhaltige und zukunftsgerichtete Gleichstellungspolitik in der Schweiz zu schaffen. Die Forschungsaktivitäten finden im Rahmen des Nationalen Forschungsprogramms "Gleichstellung der Geschlechter" (NFP 60) statt. Das Programm knüpft eng an das im Jahre 1999 beendete NFP 35 "Frauen in Recht und Gesellschaft - Wege zur Gleichstellung" an, das zum ersten Mal in der Schweiz systematisch und in koordinierter Weise Fragen zu den Wegen und Hindernissen der Gleichstellung untersuchte. Während eine Reihe von Themen, wie etwa Lohnungleichheit oder Gewalt, im NFP 60 erneut aufgegriffen wurden, so verfolgt das zweite, explizit mit Gleichstellung befasste Forschungsprogramm auch über das NFP 35 hinausgehende Zielsetzungen. Die Analysen sollen Aussagen darüber erlauben, inwiefern sich die seit den 1980er Jahren von verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren verfolgten Konzepte und Maßnahmen der Gleichstellung im gesellschaftlichen Alltag, in Bildung, Erwerbsleben und Familie bewährt haben, sowie darüber, welche Herausforderungen heute und morgen mit der Umsetzung gleichstellungspolitischen Handelns und der Verwirklichung von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verknüpft sind. (ICI2)

Although gastrointestinal and other somatic symptoms are common in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and a growing cross-national literature indicates that not all anorexic patients exhibit the core diagnostic symptom of fat phobia, the relationship between somatic symptoms and anorexic illness remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) in Chinese patients with fat phobic (FP) and nonfat phobic (NFP) anorexia nervosa. A total of 113 FP- and 28 NFP-AN outpatients underwent standardized clinical assessment and completed a new 8-item GD scale and other psychopathological measures. A majority (79.4%) of AN patients reported at least some gastrointestinal complaints on the GD scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78). FP-AN patients scored significantly higher than NFP-AN patients. The FP-AN with high GD group reported a higher level of specific and general psychopathology than the FP- and NFP-AN with low GD groups. Contrary to expectations, gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in FP-AN than NFP-AN patients. FP-AN with high GD was more severe than FP- and NFP-AN with low GD. The current fat phobic conceptualization of the anorexic illness may overlook its phenomenologic heterogeneity and reify a dichotomy that is inconsistent with patients' varied experience of food restriction.

SummaryStudies to evaluate use-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of natural family planning (NFP) were conducted in Liberia and Zambia. The Liberian programme provided uni-purpose NFP services to 1055 clients mainly in rural areas; the Zambian programme provided NFP services integrated with MCH to 2709 clients predominantly in urban areas. The one-year life table continuation and unplanned pregnancy rates were 78·9 and 4·3 per 100 women-years in Liberia, compared to 71·2 and 8·9 in Zambia. However, high rates of loss to follow-up mandate caution in interpretation of these results, especially in Zambia. More women progressed to autonomous NFP use in Liberia (58%) than in Zambia (35·3%). However, programme costs per couple-year protection were lower in Zambia (US$25·7) than in Liberia (US$47·1). Costs per couple-year protection were higher during learning than autonomy, and declined over time. These studies suggest that NFP programmes can achieve acceptable use-and cost-effectiveness in Africa.

A regional focus on not-for-profit organizations leads to a better understanding of the not-for-profit (NFP) sector, adding to the insights coming from national studies. The research reported here, focusing on the Philadelphia, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Houston, and Los Angeles areas, shows major contrasts in funding and in certain structural features of the NFPs. For example, the NFP share of the service sector in Philadelphia is three times the share in Houston, pointing to the importance of an early start in determining NFP representation. The impact of the 1973-1974 recession provides some clues to the importance of a diversified funding base and the consequences of business cycles on NFP expenditures for program-related activities.

Abstract. In this paper, we develop two behavior-based privacy-need measures for office environments. These two new scales are designed as objective measures, since they try to avoid introspection. One scale assesses people's motivation to withdraw from social interaction (i.e., the Need-For-Privacy [NFP]) and the other the motivation to seek social exchange (i.e., the Need-For-Socializing [NFS]). Based on survey data from 204 bank employees, our newly-developed measures demonstrated reasonable reliabilities (> .70). Regarding construct validity, we found our NFP scale to overlap (R2 > 25%) with an established NFP measure ( Kaya & Weber, 2003 ) and a need-for-solitude instrument ( Pedersen, 1988 ). The results also corroborate the fact that people's NFP and their NFS are relatively distinct motives (R2 = 10%).