Suchergebnisse

The main objective of this article is to present some of the main arguments by Eric Weil that support the relevant thesis of the importance of free and deliberate choice of human beings for rational life. This demonstrates, therefore, that it is reasonable to search for a more and more humanized existence, founded on fundamental values of human life, such as honesty, justice and happiness. This makes gradually and progressively possible to overcome and to deter, as far as possible, different types of violence. However, human beings are aware that total eradication of violence in the world is unthinkable, since freedom of human beings is a process of continuous deliberation and choice, at personal, communal and social level.

From a sociocultural constructivist perspective, this paper analyses the sociocultural processes involved in children's participation in criminal organizations in Rio de Janeiro, and in other violent and armed environments. The analysis is based on the work of Dowdney (2003, 2005), and the work of the Slum Monitoring Center (Observatorio de Favelas, 2006). The article discusses the concept of childhood, and identifies the major factors affecting child development within such contexts: the strategies used by adults to induct children into a criminal organization and to keep them there. It highlights the role of school and work, two environments universally present in the research participants' own narratives. To study the topic demands a systematic approach so as to account for the variety of factors at work, from the historicosocial forces revealed in the social practices and the collective culture of gangs, to issues such as autonomy and social responsibility. The paper stresses the need to create collective spaces for expressing and coconstructing meanings, which may encourage social and personal reflection, and so promote healthy developmental contexts for both the individual and society.

As emissoras de TV pioneiras no Brasil na década de cinquenta viram o número de concorrentes aumentar consideravelmente durante o governo militar, que distribuiu concessões em troca de apoio político. Quatro décadas depois a guerra pela audiência ficou ainda mais acirrada com o surgimento e consolidação da internet. O novo meio e a popularização dos canais fechados, roubaram os segmentos A e B da TV aberta e fizeram com que as emissoras televisivas mudassem profundamente seu conteúdo. Uma dessas mudanças foi a supervalorização da violência como valor-notícia. Considerando os gêneros jornalísticos como gêneros discursivos, quais as implicações dessa forma de exposição da violência na qualidade da cobertura jornalística e consequentemente na imparcialidade editorial?

Nach den Wahlergebnissen vom September 1992, die der Verlierer Savimbi nicht anerkannte, brach in Angola erneut der Bürgerkrieg aus. Der Artikel schildert den Verlauf seit dem Herbst 1992 und nennt die Hintergründe der verschiedenen Interessengruppen. Dazu gehören u.a. separatistische Bestrebungen Savimbis und die Machtkämpfe um die öl- und diamantenreichen Gebiete, in die auch die USA involviert sind. Ein weiterer Beitrag schildert die ethnisch motivierten Gewalttaten im Januar 1993 in Luanda. (DÜI-Spl)

The article comments on a new generation of researchers studying the illegal markets in Brazil. In doing so, I summarize the interpretative model of 'social accumulation of violence'. Initially applied to Rio de Janeiro, several researchers have now expanded it to other Brazilian states as well as to countries with high violence rates, such as Colombia and Mexico. The model is both historical and social. It combines three main factors that have been feeding one another throughout times and expanded across several places: (1) social accumulation of disadvantages; (2) criminal subjection; and (3) expansion of acquisition strategies across networks of informality and illicit markets, for which the offer of political merchandise is decisive. As proposed in previous works, political merchandise means political assets originated from the privatization of segments of the State's pretension to sovereignty over the monopoly of violence by different agents, who negotiate these assets in exchange for economic assets or other political goods. O artigo comenta trabalhos da nova geração de pesquisadores dos mercados ilegais no Brasil, e resume o modelo sociológico interpretativo da 'acumulação social da violência', desenvolvido para o Rio de Janeiro, e utilizado por diferentes pesquisadores em diferentes casos com altas taxas de violência, como Colômbia e México na América Latina. O modelo agrega três elementos que se retroalimentam na escala do tempo e pela expansão espacial. É preciso que haja i) acumulação social de desvantagens, ii) sujeição criminal e iii) expansão de estratégias aquisitivas em redes baseadas na informalidade e em mercados ilegais, entre as quais é decisiva a oferta de mercadorias políticas. Mercadorias políticas são bens de natureza política (envolvendo a privatização de segmentos da pretensão de soberania do Estado sobre o monopólio da violência) por diferentes agentes que os negociam por bens econômicos ou outros bens políticos. Publisher's Note:This article has been published in both Portuguese and English. To download the Portuguese version, click the "Download" link and select "PDF (PT)". Este artigo foi publicado tanto em Inglês, como em Português. Para baixar a versão em Português, clique "Download" e depois selecione "PDF (PT)".

This article aims to evaluate the intuitionist problem with non-constructive mathematicals proofs. For this constructivist position the principle of the excluded middle, of classical logic, shouldn't operate on mathematical demonsrations. Non-constructive proofs aren't accepted, and the constructive proofs are the only with positive character. After a brief introduction about intuitionism and its creator, the article will address the relationship between the principle of the excluded middle and the mathematicals demonstrations, so to talk about the problem of non-constructive proofs and the consequences for not to accepting them. Taking the mathematics only as a mental construction project, the intuitionism break with the dominant platonic realism and establishing a fruitful debate on the foundations of mathematics.

Brazil records alarming rates of epidemic violence against women and LGBTQ+. According to statistics, the country ranks as the fifth most violent for women and the deadliest in the world for homosexuals. On the other hand, progressive policies to support both groups have been implemented by different public administrations in the last decades generating remarkable milestones. Despite being considered as cutting-edge, those actions have not necessarily translated into a reduction of violence. One explanation for these paradoxes between progressive policies to protect women, LGBTQ+ and the frequent violence against these groups, might be found in historical, cultural, and religious roots. This article highlights that, notwithstanding that some progress was made in Brazil, the rise of conservative and far-right groups may undermine all the advancement reached in the last decades, which could lead to the aggravation of the gender-based violence in the country

This article looks at the privileged relationship that David Sassoli had with Portugal at a time when the presidency of the European Parliament was shared with the presidency of the Council of Europe entrusted to António Costa. President Sassoli's speeches at the Social Summit held in the city of Porto on 7 and 8 May 2021 represent the synthesis of his socio-cultural and geopolitical vision. The Conference on the Future of Europe, which opened on 17 June 2021, ended when unfortunately Sassoli had already left us.