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"International Norm Disputes: The Link between Contestation and Norm Robustness" offers a rich, comparative study of when and why contested international norms decline. It presents central findings on the link between contestation and norm robustness based on four detailed, contemporary case studies - the torture prohibition, the responsibility to protect, the moratorium on commercial whaling, and the duty to prosecute institutionalized in the International Criminal Court. It also includes two historical case studies - privateering and the transatlantic slave trade. This book provides in-depth knowledge on contestation and robustness dynamics of central international norms. Having meticulously collected relevant data and conducted extensive qualitative coding, the authors demonstrate that norms are likely to weaken when challengers contest the validity of a norm's core claims but remain robust when they contest a norm's application and contestation does not become permanent. These important findings, comparatively presented here for the first time, are crucial for understanding the much-discussed problems of the contemporary liberal international order. The insights provided establish how different types of challenges will affect global governance mechanisms and which conditions are most likely to create fundamental change.

Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.

Protecting Freedom of Conscience in a Constitutional State / Pierluigi Chiassoni -- "We Don't Wanna Be Outlaws" : Hasidic Jews and their Allies Contest Municipal Bylaws in a Montreal Neighbourhood / Valentina Gaddi -- The Politicisation of French Catholics on Intimate Issues Through the Promotion of Lay Expertise : A Case Study Based on the Emmanuel Community's Magazine Il est vivant! (1975-2018) / Samuel Dolbeau.

Introduction : Consolidation and Contestation of the Responsibility to Protect / Charles T. Hunt and Phil Orchard -- Contestation, Norms, and the Responsibility to Protect as a Regime / Phil Orchard -- R2P and the Benefits of Norm Ambiguity / Luke Glanville and Wesley W. Widmaier -- Telling the Story of R2P : The Emplotment of R2P in the UN Security Council's debates on Libya / Sassan Gholiagha and Bastian Loges -- The Responsibility to Protect and the Protection of Civilians in UN Peace Operations : Interaction, feedback and co-evolution / Charles T. Hunt -- R2P and WPS : Operationalizing Prevention from Alignment / Sara E. Davies and Sarah Hewitt -- Strange Bedfellows : Terrorism/Counter-terrorism and the Responsibility to Protect / Shannon Zimmerman -- Resistance and Accommodation in China's Approach toward R2P / Sarah Teitt -- Russia and the R2P : Norm Entrepreneur, Anti-Preneur, or Violator? / Phil Orchard and Heather Rae.

This book offers a major new theory of global governance, explaining both its rise and what many see as its current crisis. The author suggests that world politics is now embedded in a normative and institutional structure dominated by hierarchies and power inequalities and therefore inherently creates contestation, resistance, and distributional struggles. Within an ambitious and systematic new conceptual framework, the theory makes four key contributions. Firstly, it reconstructs global governance as a political system which builds on normative principles and reflexive authorities. Second, it identifies the central legitimation problems of the global governance system with a constitutionalist setting in mind. Third, it explains the rise of state and societal contestation by identifying key endogenous dynamics and probing the causal mechanisms that produced them. Finally, it identifies the conditions under which struggles in the global governance system lead to decline or deepening. Rich with propositions, insights, and evidence, the book promises to be the most important and comprehensive theoretical argument about world politics of the 21st century.

"There have been significant efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple levels of governance across all regions of the world. However, the manner in which the global governance norms underlying the SDGs are actually being diffused is under-researched and not well understood. This book considers the promotion of the SDGs through the lens of norm diffusion theory, with a focus on three SDG policy areas; health, education and decent work. A distinctive feature of the book is that it offers multiple original case studies of SDG norm diffusion involving Asian and European actors. A unique feature is that the case studies in the book identify relevant SDG norm senders and norm receivers, and examine the relationship between them. The book also challenges the assumption that the SDGs themselves are static and unchanging, and reveals how SDG norms are dynamic and can be reformulated as a result of contestation between norm senders and norm receivers. As well as introducing a diverse and original set of case studies, the book therefore allows readers to deepen their understandings of the policy diffusion mechanisms by which SDGs are diffused, and grasp the patterns of success and failure in the implementation of these policies"--

When states' survival is at stake, do states behave according to norms, do states refrain from using certain weapons based on norms against their use? Adachi presents a comprehensive analytical framework for analysing norm dynamics, incorporating the existing literature, while expanding the norm life cycle model to address contestation of, resistance to diffusion of, and disappearance of norms. He also examines the changing nature of international society, and how the evolving characteristics of this society change how norms are shared. His focus is on norms relating to the use and non-use of weapons, with examples of how norms developed in different places and at different times with regard to particular types of weapons. From the banning of gun use in Japan under Bushido, to international bans on chemical weapons and the foundation of norms on nuclear weapons, he looks not only at how such norms come about, but how they can become contested or disappear.

"Discover the fascinating world of norm research, a crucial subfield of IR, which reveals how ideas and norms influence the actions of nations and other players. The interpretation-contestation framework is introduced as an innovative means to understand the progression and evolution of norms across both domestic and international levels"--

The interfaces between the national and international rule of law : a framework paper / Machiko Kanetake -- Judicial strategies and their impact on the development of the international rule of law / Veronika Fikfak -- The development of the immunities of international organisations in response to domestic contestations / Mateja Steinbrück Platise -- Domestic review of treaty-based international investment awards : effects of the Metalclad judgment of the British Columbia Supreme Court / Shotaro Hamamoto -- National contestation of international investment law and the international rule of law / Prabhash Ranjan -- Domestic non-judicial institutions in the development of the international rule of law / Rene Urueña -- Interactions between domestic social norms and international law over trade dispute resolution / Ji Li -- The rule of law dimensions of dialogues between national courts and Strasbourg / Birgit Peters -- Three interpretive constraints on the European Court of Human Rights / Shai Dothan -- Human rights, the margin of appreciation, and the international rule of law / Andrew Legg -- Subsidiarity in the practice of international courts / Machiko Kanetake -- Revisiting the reservations dialogue : negotiating diversity while preserving universality through human rights law / Ekaterina Yahyaoui Krivenko -- Universality, diversity, and legal certainty : cultural diversity in the dialogue between the CEDAW and states parties / Yvonne Donders and Vincent Vleugel -- Domestic courts under scrutiny : the rule of law as a standard (of deference) in investor-state arbitration / Hege Elisabeth Kjos -- The rule of law at the national and international levels in post-conflict peace agreements / Jennifer Easterday -- The rule of law and the division of labour between national and international law : the case of international energy relations / Stephan W Schill -- The international rule of law in the cycle of contestations and deference / Machiko Kanetake and André Nollkaemper