Suchergebnisse

In the given article the issues concerning normative resolutions which are given by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan according to criminal cases are pointed out. The structure and mechanism of normative resolutions are discussed. Correlation of normative legal acts are investigated. Normative legal acts consist of legal norms, they regulate and manage social relations. It means that, as the normative legal acts play an important role on the judicial sphere, they create, change the norms and even can stop their activity. Here we may include constitutional laws, codes, laws, all charters of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan which have legal power. Normative resolutions are equal for all, according to definite cases it is used not for one person, but for several people. Also, normative resolutions are used in accordance with legal acts, and until the used norm loses its power it can have definite power.

This article analyzes the problems of examination of a normative legal act, ways to improve the effectiveness of legislation.

The draft law on normative legal acts is a subject of discussion of the scientific community, policy makers and other interested parties. The article analyzes the main provisions of the draft law "On normative legal acts in the Russian Federation" for stipulating in it summaries of judicial practice and enforcement, scientific research and the needs of the law-making activities. Quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as historical and specialized legal research methods were used in preparing the article. Development of the draft law by the Ministry of Justice of Russia, allows hope to enact a law that will help to stabilize the legal system, legislation and lawmaking. It is necessary a qualitative improvement of the draft at the stage of its discussion before the official introduction to the legislative body: clarification of the definition of the normative legal act, document types, the subjects of lawmaking, systematization, responsibilities of lawmaking bodies.

This scientific work was prepared as part of the preparation of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). The author has consistently reviewed the legal acts adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which have become fundamental in the field of anti-corruption expertise, as well as contributing to the further reform of this institution. Also, proposals were put forward to improve the mechanisms for conducting anti-corruption expertise of draft legislation in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the law as the main normative legal act in the system of such acts. The main features of the law that distinguish it from other normative legal acts and determine its fundamental place in this system are analyzed. The author emphasizes the clear definition of the range of subjects of law-making, which include only the people and the highest representative body - the parliament. This feature distinguishes the law among other normative legal acts, giving it special significance as an act, the internal content of which is most fully consistent with the will of the people. In addition, the complicated procedure for passing laws allows to ensure the fullest approximation of the will expressed in the law to the will of the people. The article also considers the range of issues regulated by law and concludes on the need to regulate the most stable and important relations by the definition of the highest representative body - parliament or the people directly. The supreme legal force of the law in relation to other regulations determines its supremacy, which is manifested in the following provisions: all other regulations must comply with the law; the law can be changed or repealed only by law; the adoption of a new law stipulates the change or repeal of bylaws in the part that contradicts this law. It is noted that the principle of the rule of law does not contradict the principle of the rule of law, which is an integral part of it, given that laws must be legal and consistent with fundamental rights and freedoms, and the realization of its supremacy requires the improvement of legal guarantees of the leading role of law in the legal system of Ukraine. The author notes that the law in its content must comply with universal principles of justice and humanism, that is, to be legal. The legal essence is given to it by the formation of state power by the people, then the law becomes the basis of the state as a public-law union of the people. In addition, to become a right, it must be recognized by the people, and his instructions to be implemented in real legal relations. After analyzing the main features of the law, the author provided his own definition of this normative legal act and noted its special, fundamental significance for the entire system of normative legal acts. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу закону як основного нормативного правового акта в системі таких актів. Аналізуються основні ознаки закону, які відрізняють його від інших нормативних правових актів і визначають його основоположне місце в цій системі. Автором акцентовано увагу щодо чіткого визначення кола суб'єктів ухвалення законів, до яких належать виключно народ і вищий представницький орган - парламент. Така ознака виокремлює закон серед інших нормативно-правових актів, надає йому особливого значення як акту, внутрішній зміст якого найбільш повно відповідає волі народу. Крім того, ускладнена процедура ухвалення законів дозволяє забезпечити найбільш повне наближення волі, висловленої в законі, до волі народу. У статті також розглядається коло питань, які регулюються законами, і зроблено висновок щодо необхідності регулювання ними найбільш стійких і важливих відносин за визначенням вищого представницького органу - парламенту або безпосередньо народу. Вища юридична сила закону щодо інших нормативних актів визначає його верховенство, що проявляється в таких положеннях: усі інші нормативні акти обов'язково повинні відповідати закону; закон може змінюватися чи скасовуватися тільки законом; ухвалення нового закону зумовлює зміну або скасування підзаконних актів у частині, яка суперечить цьому закону. Зауважено, що принцип верховенства права не заперечує принципу верховенства закону, який є його складовою частиною, з урахуванням того, що закони повинні бути правовими та відповідати основним правам та свободам, а реалізація його верховенства потребує вдосконалення юридичних гарантій провідної ролі закону у правовій системі України. Автор зауважує, що закон за своїм змістом повинен відповідати загальнолюдським принципам справедливості і гуманізму, тобто бути правовим. Правову сутність йому надає формування державної влади саме народом, тоді закон стає основою держави як публічно-правового союзу народу. Крім того, щоб стати правом, він повинен визнаватися народом, а його приписи мають реалізовуватися в реальних правових відносинах. У результаті проведеного аналізу основних ознак закону автор надав власне визначення цього нормативного правового акта і зазначив особливе, фундаментальне його значення для всієї системи нормативних правових актів.

In the presented scientific article, the authors consider legal terminology and term creation in the process of preparing normative legal acts in the Kyrgyz Republic. According to the authors, the definitions of a legal term must adequately reflect the essence and content of the defined concept, each normative concept must be assigned its own and strictly unambiguous term, once and for all given to the branches of the law using the corresponding concept. According to the authors, the definitions of a legal term must adequately reflect the essence and content of the defined concept, each normative concept must be assigned its own and strictly unambiguous term, once and for all given to the branches of the law using the corresponding concept. In order to effectively implement this task, transformations are required in the area of improving the knowledge system of legislative technology and, above all, strict compliance with the requirements it has provided for: streamlining and harmonizing terminology — using special legal tools designed to prepare normative legal acts. The qualitative optimization of the normative prescription and the effective use of normative legal terminology in the texts of legal acts is considered in legal science and practice as an integral part of the improvement of legislation.

Managed to achieve minor results in the development of the conceptual and methodological framework, and the implementation of legal monitoring in the mechanism of making and implementing laws. This process stimulates the development of a new direction in legal science, which is designed to provide practice necessary knowledge and recommendations on organization and conduction of legal monitoring.The issues of methodological support of the monitoring process in the scale that can give noticeable results, need priority attention. The monitoring should cover all stages of legal rulemaking: public authorities, local governments, all sectors of socio-economic life of the country and the law enforcement system. Considerations on the methodology of legal monitoring are reduced to the formation of positive theoretical knowledge about the development of the concepts, objectives, principles, actors, stages, methods and the like.Assessment as an essential component of legal monitoring, on the one hand, is an important and, at least in some areas, the traditional element of the sociology of law. On the other hand, it is also an essential part of legislative methodology. Unlike legislative drafting, it rather includes the material, substantial aspects of the legislation than its formal aspects and primarily concerns the relationship between normative contents and their consequences in social reality, in «real world».Methodological support evaluation of the effectiveness of legal acts in the process of legal monitoring should be based on both General criteria and specific indicators, reflecting the parameters of implementation of regulatory requirements. Legal parameters of efficiency are caused by a number of factors: the historical aspect; time space; development of public relations in relation to the measurement of the legal reality, of economic development; terms of the mechanism of legal regulation.Legal monitoring contributes to the development of effective legislation. This defines the urgency of developing its methodology, because of its scientific validity and accuracy, largely depends the accuracy and reliability of the results of legal monitoring. The relevance, comprehensiveness, scientific validity and feasibility of regulations are the main ideological principles of the legal monitoring. The basis for these principles is the combination of theoretical legal science, positive experience in legislative drafting and quality assurance of the assessment regulations. In this regard, it is necessary to create an automated system of legal monitoring to establish organizational and logical structure of the work at a higher level of Analytics and evaluation.The system of monitoring of normative legal acts and practice of their application is becoming a key issue of providing adequate awareness among parliamentarians and the public about necessary limits to the improvement of the legislation. ; Висвітлено методологічні принципи моніторингу нормативно-правових актів. Обґрун­товано, що правовий моніторинг є обов'язковим елементом методологічного та раціональ­ного підходу до законотворчості. З'ясовано, що актуальність, комплексність, наукова обґрунтованість і доцільність нормативно-правових актів є основними методологічними принци­пами правового моніторингу.Виявлено, що основою реалізації методологічних принципів є поєднання теоретичних вимог правової науки, позитивного досвіду законотворчої роботи та забезпечення якості оцінювання нормативно-правових актів.Важливою методологічною умовою правового моніторингу є вироблення і неодмінна умова дотримання єдиного понятійного апарату. Запропоновано перевіряти конституційно-правову природу та виявляти основні дефекти соціального змісту як на рівні системи права загалом, так і на рівні окремих нормативно-правових актів.

This article provides the legal basis for conducting anti-corruption expertise of draft regulatory legal acts, considers the fundamental acts providing for the development of this institution, and also puts forward proposals for its improvement. Summing up, it is proposed to touch upon the document defining the procedure for conducting anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts and their drafts - the Regulation on the procedure for conducting anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts and their projects. It should be noted that this document was significantly transformed in 2021 by adopting it in a new edition. The author proposes to note that the 2000 Law "On Normative Legal Acts" did not mention anything about anti-corruption expertise, which cannot be said about its subsequent 2012 version. But in this case, it should be borne in mind that the 2012 Law was amended in terms of the possibility of conducting anti-corruption expertise only in 2018, similar to the Law "On the procedure for preparing draft laws and their submission to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan." The current Law "On Normative Legal Acts", adopted in 2021, substantially consolidated the institution of anti-corruption expertise at the legislative level. In particular, according to Article 25, the draft regulatory legal act is subject to mandatory legal and anti-corruption expertise. Even more important for us is the fact that a separate article has appeared on anti-corruption expertise.

Although internet publication of laws and legal acts has been introduced by the government of Russia, the official online portal for legal information has not yet become an everyday tool for citizens or the professional legal community. The article discusses the reasons for this complicated transition to electronic publication, traces the historical traditions of the publication of normative legal acts in Russia, and analyses the problems of the judicial practice regarding the official publication of laws.

УДК 340.130.5+342.4The legal theory and practical problems of interpretation (explanation) of adopted acts are analyzed in the article. The author researches Belarusian legislation, theory of law and legal acts of public authorities.The article gives a detailed description of the types of interpretation, such as authentic, casual, – with examples from Belarusian legislation.Attention is drawn in the article to existing shortcomings, in particular, liability of organizations and individuals when they act in accordance with the official response, abolished by superior authorities.The author offers comprehension of the problems associated with contradictory practice of promulgation the adopted acts of interpretation, disputes regarding the list of authorities, who are able to clarify such act.The author emphasizes that if the explanation given to one requesting applicant, previously formulated rule must have the power at emergence of a similar situation concerning an-other requesting applicant. The author believes that the taxpayer or other applicant should have possibility to claim into the court if he disagrees with personal answer given by relevant authority (an official).The author speaks about the necessity of recognition of precedent as source of law. Judicial and other precedent are at the core of law enforcement practice, the guarantor of a uniform enforcement practice.In conclusion it is emphasized the necessity of improving existing legislation, the proposals are introduced. ; УДК 340.130.5+342.4В статье анализируется белорусское законодательство, позиции ученых и практика относительно дачи органами государственной власти толкования (разъяснения) принятых актов. Обращается внимание на имеющиеся недостатки, в частности привлечение юридических и физических лиц к ответственности, когда они действовали в соответствии с полученным от должностного лица ответом, но с которым не согласилась вышестоящая организация, разноречивую практику доведения до сведения принятых актов толкования, споры относительно круга инстанций, к которым можно обратиться по поводу данного разъяснения акта. Подчеркивается необходимость совершенствования действующего законодательства, вносятся соответствующие предложения.

The article updates the problem of the hierarchy of regulatory legal acts that define the legal basis for the circu-lation of electrical energy and capacity in the wholesale market in modern Russia. There has been a decrease in the role of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in regulating relations regarding the wholesale supply of electricity. It is concluded that the Russian legislator did not justifiably exclude the Civil Code of the Russian Federation from the system of regulatory legal acts devoted to the wholesale market of electrical energy and capacity. The author's position is substantiated on the recognition of energy legislation as a private-public insti-tution, on the strengthening of imperative state principles in regulating the circulation of electrical energy and capacity in the wholesale market in order to protect national security. A proposal has been made to supplement the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with a separate chapter devoted to the legal regime of contractual relations arising in the wholesale market of electrical energy and capacity.