Nouns of Assembly: In his third solo exhibition at Sutton Gallery, Simon Terrill brings together a triptych of photographs plus a sculpture and a text piece running the length of the gallery walls. He aligns fantasy architecture of the funfair with the utopian proposition of the unrealised monument that is Tatlin's Tower. Terrill's continued exploration of gathering and crowding is extended into spaces that are presented under a utilitarian and political guise. Catalogue text by Dr Josephine Kane, Tutor in History of Design at the Royal College of Art, London.
THE CRICHEL COWN AFFAIR OF JUNE 1954 WAS BELIEVED LIKELY TO PROVE INFLUENTIAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH CIVIL SERVICE. STRESS HAS BEEN LAID ON THE IMPORTANCE NOT SO MUCH OF WHAT WAS DONE BUT HOW IT WAS DONE. THE POLIICAL ROW THAT THE AFFAIR CAUSED SHOWED UP A FAILURE IN THE TRADITIONAL MACHINERY FOR THE REDNESS OF GRIEVANCES IN THE BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEM.
The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a structure agreement between syntactic structures consisting of two nouns [N + N] in English for Occupational Health and Safety and their Serbian equivalents. After narrowing down the results of the research to approximately five thousand examples and ordering them by frequency of appearance in the corpus, a sample of about one hundred and seventy items was extracted and translated into Serbian. The analysis shows that there are three main types of Serbian translation equivalents but none of them are structurally identical to English noun + noun structures.
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of relator noun constructions in Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the eastern part of India by a majority of people living in the state of Assam. The construction consists of a relator noun that functions as a head, and a genitive case marked noun that functions as a dependent. Semantically, most of the relator nouns encode spatial relation, such as place, path. However, some other relator nouns signal other relations, such as the 'for', 'about' etc. The occurrence of relator nouns is not an unusual phenomenon in Indo-Aryan languages. It has been analyzed as adpositions in many Indo-Aryan languages. However, I argue that the syntax of Assamese does not allow this analysis. It forms a distinct syntactic category, the behaviour of which is not similar to adpositions. Further, Assamese shares some close affinity regarding the relator noun construction with the neighbouring Tibeto-Burman languages such as Boro and Dimasa, rather than with the Indo-Aryan languages. Thus, this paper further investigates whether the resemblance occurs as a result of language contact or by accident.
<p class="Pa22">Niniejszy artykuł wkracza w dziedzinę uwarunkowań dotyczących połączeń rzeczownika ze znakiem negacji w języku angielskim i francuskim. Koncentruje się na angielskich ciągach "<em>No </em>+ policzalny rzeczownik w liczbie pojedynczej" (No + N-Ø) i "<em>No </em>+ policzalny rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej" (No + N-s) i niektórych z ich możliwych tłumaczeniach w języku francuskim: <em>aucun </em>lub <em>pas de</em>, po którym następuje rzeczownik w liczbie pojedynczej lub w liczbie mnogiej.</p><p class="Pa22">Istnienie w języku angielskim takich dwóch sekwencji rodzi pytanie o różnice w ich znaczeniu i nakłania do zbadania ich francuskich możliwych tłumaczeń za pomocą <em>pas de </em>lub <em>aucun</em>. Celem jest zatem zbadanie przykładów, w których obie konstrukcje są gramatycznie dopuszczalne w języku angielskim, w celu wyjaśnienia procesu, za pomocą którego interpretowane jest ich odniesienie, oraz w celu zbadania podobieństw i różnic w znaczeniu sekwencji francuskich wykorzystujących <em>aucun </em>lub <em>pas de</em>.</p><p class="Pa22">Analiza każdej z konstrukcji rzeczownikowej doprowadzi nas do zbadania cech językowych, odnoszących się do zestawów właściwości oraz zdarzeń, czynników subiektywnych i argumentacyjnych, które mogą (lub nie) implikować poprzez tłumaczenie schematy zależności. Zajmiemy się tymi zagadnieniami, badając przetłumaczone przykłady zaczerpnięte z korpusu paralelnego złożonego z fragmentów współczesnych powieści napisanych po angielsku po 1980 roku i ich tłumaczeń na język francuski.</p><p class="Pa22">W języku angielskim <em>no </em>oznacza niemożliwą operację skanowania zarówno na zestawie elementów zdefiniowanych w ramie przestrzeni i czasu – z rzeczownikiem w liczbie mnogiej, jak i w otwartym zestawie zdefiniowanym według właściwości – z rzeczownikiem w liczbie pojedynczej.</p><p class="Pa22">Ustaliliśmy, że w języku francuskim rozróżnianie dwóch markerów zależy od zdefiniowania różnych operacji językowych dla każdego z nich: skanowania dla <em>aucun </em>i blokowania walidacji dla <em>pas de</em>.</p><p class="Default">Udowodniliśmy ponadto, że znaczenia interpretowane przez ich działania są zgodne z ich kontekstowym otoczeniem.</p>
Abstract. Complex noun phrases crosslinguistically contain meaningless elements whose sole function is to serve as linkers of predicates to their subjects—thus, Mandarin Chinese de links inverted AP predicates to their subjects as well as possessors, PPs, relative clauses, and noun‐complement clauses (e.g., the claim that John was asleep). Taking a comparative analysis of French de and Thai thîi as its point of departure, this paper argues for a maximally generalized account of the noun phrases in which linkers occur, in terms of DP‐internal Predicate Inversion. This approach prompts an analysis of relative‐clause constructions that recognizes relative clauses as predicates of DP‐internal small clauses, combining the attractions of the traditional approach and the Vergnaud/Kayne raising approach by assigning relative clauses an internal structure similar to the traditional one while giving it the external distribution of a predicate by treating it as the predicate of a noun‐phrase‐internal small clause. For noun‐complement clauses, the approach leads to a revitalization of Stowell's (1981) predication approach to the relationship between the head noun and the clause, the latter serving as the former's subject in a DP‐contained small‐clause structure. A uniform linker approach to French de, Thai thîi, Mandarin Chinese de, Japanese no, and so on (a) emphasizes the pervasiveness of Predicate Inversion in the noun phrase, (b) confirms the role of linkers as purely functional aides to the inversion operation, (c) furthers our understanding of the structure and derivation of complex noun phrases, and (d) presents a particularly interesting window on microparametric variation in the syntax of noun phrases.
The present study investigates the structure of of-complement noun phrase in Nigerian English, comparing findings with those of British and Ghanaian varieties. Of-complement is high in frequency and is a typical complement that has structural tendencies for recursiveness and complexity. A review of literature explicating the structural simplification hypothesis (Gorlach, 1998) suggests that the structure of-complement (or any other type) has received very little attention. Perhaps such scanty works show the different arguments surrounding its syntactic and theoretical status in different grammatical descriptions. Unlike many previous NP frameworks, Huddleston & Pullum (2002, 2004) argued that complements are not only a syntactic element within the NP structure, but also that they are of equal obligatory syntactic status as a head noun within an NP. This framework, unlike many others, therefore conceptualizes the complement slot as an important part in the scheme of things for an NP structure viz-a-viz its complexity. Thus, a serious examination of NP complexity would consider the cooperation (relationship) between a complement and the other syntactic elements constituting the NP structure. This is one of many issues that the present study sheds light on. On the basis of variables representing syntactic function and text type, together with corpus analyses of NPs extracted from the Nigerian component of International Corpus of English (ICE), the structural behavior of of-complement in the lights of other internal elements constituting an NP structure, is clearly shown. It is found that a complement is less likely to co-occur with other all internal elements (20%). Also, it is shown that an of-complement is likely to co-occur with prenominal elements (30%). Furthermore, the paper shows that a structural type of of-complement representing h-complement (i.e. an NP structure consisting of a head noun + a complement, see Huddleston & Pullum, 2002, 2004, and Akinlotan & Housen, 2017) is more likely to occur (26%) as an independent NP structure than to co-occur with postnominal elements (24%). The structural simplification hypothesis is manifested in our corpus data, as it is found out that a complement is more likely to be simple-structured (54%) than complex-structured (46%). On the predictive strength of syntactic function and text type (Biber et al., 1999; Schilk & Schuab, 2016; Akinlotan, 2017), the study finds syntactic function a better predictor than text type.
