Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Reconstructing the trade-security nexus in EU external action as a nexus of practices -- Chapter 3. The EU trade-security nexus and the Ukraine crisis -- Chapter 4, The EU trade-security nexus in EU-ASEAN relations -- Chapter 5. Conclusion.

This report discusses the current issues in Burma (Myanmar) in regards to political prisoners and the resulting U.S. sanctions against the nation. It includes an introduction and definitions; information about current estimates of prisoners and prisoner releases; the relation of political prisoners, parliamentary elections and national reconciliation; and U.S. sanctions and U.S. efforts regarding political prisoners, as well as relevant issues for Congress to consider.

Age and sex patterns of migration are essential for understanding drivers of population change and heterogeneity of migrant groups. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate such patterns for international migration in the European Union and European Free Trade Association from 2002 to 2008, which was a period of time when the number of members expanded from 19 to 31 countries. Our model corrects for the inadequacies and inconsistencies in the available data and estimates the missing patterns. The posterior distributions of the age and sex profiles are then combined with a matrix of origin-destination flows, resulting in a synthetic database with measures of uncertainty for migration flows and other model parameters.

This paper will focus on a specific case of international arbitration, for which the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) released a Final Award on Jurisdiction in December 2016: The Renco Group vs. Republic of Peru case. This was the first case where an American-based transnational mining company sued the Peruvian State under the legal framework of the US-Peru FTA, which entered into force in February 2009; with a favourable result for the Peruvian State. In order to understand the causes of this outcome, we deal with two different but complementary problems: the impact of the US-Peru FTA in domestic politics and its public policy outcomes, as well as the influence of these reforms in the Final Award given by the ICSID arbitration court. ; Este trabajo se centra en un caso específico de arbitraje internacional, para el cual el Centro Internacional para el Arbitraje de Disputas Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI) emitió un veredicto final en diciembre del año 2016: el caso Renco Group vs. la República del Perú. Este fue el primer caso en el que una compañía minera transnacional con base en los Estados Unidos denuncia al Estado peruano bajo el marco legal del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) Perú-EE.UU., el cual entró en vigor en febrero de 2009, siendo el resultado 'parcialmente' favorable para el Estado peruano. Para entender las causas de este resultado, analizamos dos diferentes, pero complementarios, problemas: el impacto político doméstico del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y los Estados Unidos, junto con su impacto en la formulación de las políticas públicas ambientales; así como la influencia que dichas reformas tuvieron en el veredicto final emitido por el tribunal del CIADI.

"This collection of essays comprehensively and systematically analyzes the various instruments and innovative approaches through which the EU is forging its external environmental policy, and the legal implications of its multi-faceted practice on international environmental law. It explains the legal and institutional framework for EU external action in relation to the environment and sustainable development, identifying the changes and challenges posed, by the Lisbon Treaty. It explores key tools and approaches in defining and implementing its external environmental policy with regard to a broad range of environmental issues, as well as linkages with trade and human rights. It also assesses the reciprocal influences between the development and operation of EU environmental law and of nternational environmental law"--

nternational tobacco smuggling remains an important concern for governments, tobacco manufactur-ers and health experts alike. While often linked to other forms of illegal activities, it also directly impacts govern-ment tax and health policies. Knowledge of factors that contribute to illicit tobacco trade and the existence of smug-gling routes is strongly hampered by the lack of reliable data on bilateral flows of illicit tobacco. Therefore, recon-structing the trafficking routes and estimating the size of cross-border illicit flows are crucial steps for gaining bet-ter understanding of these crimes and enforcing actions aimed at countering them. This study is the first to use grav-ity estimation techniques to decompose aggregate illicit cig-arette inflows for which data are available into their bilat-eral components. Our approach is a simple and effective method that can serve as a complement to other methods of pinpointing international trafficking flows such as empty discarded pack data or network analysis to help in the fight against illicit tobacco flows. Policymakers, customs officials as well as law enforcement can employ the presented meth-ods as an additional tool in the fight against illicit trade. Keywords: bilateral illicit cigarette trade, gravity model, predictive estimation

Дан анализ основных тенденций развития стран Азиатского макрорегиона Евразии, свидетельствующий о смещении роста мировой экономики в Азию, усилении роли Китая, Индии, Вьетнама и других стран в развитии мировой экономики. Несмотря на замедление темпов роста ВВП Китая, нестабильности ее фондового рынка, сделан вывод о достаточном потенциале второй экономики мира для стабилизации ситуации. Обозначенная роль Евразии в обеспечении глобального превосходства обуславливает изменения в современных геополитических процессах. «Азиатский вектор» евразийской интеграции способствует формированию новых, актуализации действующих международных проектов: «Транстихоокеанское партнерство», «Трансатлантическое партнерство», «Экономический пояс Нового Шелкового пути и Морского Шелкового пути XXI века», проекты международных альянсов стран-членов БРИКС, ШОС, ЕАЭС. Рассмотренная концепция мегапроекта КНР «Экономический пояс Нового Шелкового пути и Морского Шелкового пути XXI века» свидетельствует об усилении геополитических амбиций Китая, формировании новой модели полицентрического мироустройства. Анализ интеграционных процессов России позволяет сделать вывод о важности «Азиатского вектора», включающего новый уровень экономического сотрудничества региональных альянсов БРИКС, ШОС, ЕАЭС, взаимодействие с Китаем в реализации проекта «Новый Шелковый путь», соглашение ЕАЭС о зоне свободной торговли с Вьетнамом и др. Сделан вывод о том, что Россия, находящаяся в центре Евразии, объективно связана с Евросоюзом, странами Ближнего Востока и другими регионами континента, поэтому в перспективе, с изменением геополитической ситуации актуальной станет задача формирования комплексного подхода к евразийской интеграции ; The article analyzes the main trends of the Asian macro-region of Eurasia, indicating the shift of global economic growth in Asia, strengthening the role of China, India, Vietnam and other countries in the world economy. Despite the slowdown of China's GDP, its volatility of the stock market, the authors concluded that there is sufficient capacity of the second economy in the world to stabilize the situation. The role of Eurasia in ensuring global excellence is allocated, which causes changes in the current geopolitical processes.«Asian vector» of Eurasian integration promotes the formation of new and updating existing international projects: «Trans-Pacific Partnership», «Trans-Atlantic Partnership», «Economic Zone of the New Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road of XXI Century», projects of international alliances of countries-members of the BRICS SCO, EAEC. Review of the concept of megaproject of the PRC «The economic times are the New Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road of XXI Century» indicates an increase in geopolitical ambitions of China, the formation of a new model of polycentric world order. Analysis of Russian integration processes leads to the conclusion about the importance of «Asian vector», including: a new level of economic cooperation regional alliances BRICS, SCO, EAEC, cooperation with China in the implementation of the project «New Silk Road», the EAEC agreement on free trade zone with Vietnam etc. The conclusion is that Russia, which is in the center of Eurasia, objectively associated with the European Union, the Middle East and other regions of the continent, so in the long term, with the change of the geopolitical situation becomes urgent task of forming an integrated approach to Eurasian integration