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The novelty in Adam Burgess' paper is that he assesses nudge policies in the context of the shift in the UK government's approach to risk from the nannying policies of Labour to the nudge policies of the Conservatives. There is a wealth of ideas in this paper. I find it useful to disentangle some of these ideas focusing on the following two questions:1.In what respects do Labour's nannying policies and the Conservatives' nudge policies differ?2.What is problematic about Labour's nannying and the Conservatives' nudge policies?Subsequently I will reflect on how a particular strand of research in the social sciences can be made relevant to designing a more responsible way of dealing with societal risk and show how this approach can evade some of Burgess' concerns.

From the 1970s cult TV show, Monty Python's Flying Circus, to the current hit musical Spamalot, the Monty Python comedy troupe has been at the center of popular culture and entertainment. The Pythons John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin, and Terry Gilliam are increasingly recognized and honored for their creativity and enduring influence in the worlds of comedy and film. Monty Python and Philosophy extends that recognition into the world of philosophy. Fifteen experts in topics like mythology, Buddhism, feminism, logic, ethics, and the philosophy of science bring their expertise to bear on Python movies such as Monty Python's Life of Brian and Flying Circus mainstays such as the Argument Clinic, the Dead Parrot Sketch, and, of course, the Bruces, the Pythons' demented, song-filled vision of an Australian philosophy department. Monty Python and Philosophy follows the same hit format as the other titles in this popular series and explains all the philosophical concepts discussed in laymen's terms

This paper reviews two contrasting approaches governments use to engage the citizen to promote better public policy outcomes: nudging citizens using the insights of behavioural economics, as summarised by Thaler and Sunstein (2009) or giving citizens the space to think through and debate solutions, as indicated by proponents of deliberative democracy. The paper summarises each approach, giving examples; then it compares and contrast them, illustrating their relative strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes by suggesting that the approaches share some common features and policy‐makers could useful draw upon both.

This article argues that the use of 'nudge' tactics in UK policymaking ought to be rejected. Nudge contravenes the coalition government's aspirations to promote ideas such as empowerment, freedom and fairness. Moreover, it is not an effective strategy for bringing about the kind of behavioural changes required to solve society's 'big problems' – problems around climate change and public health, for example. The article mines political theory in a way that is distinctly absent from the current literature on 'nudging' and brings a fresh and insightful perspective to the nudge debate.

S'inspirant des travaux de l'économie comportementale, les auteurs de Nudge s'éloignent des postulats de Milton Friedman et s'emploient à transcender les idées de John Maynard Keynes pour trouver une "véritable Troisième voie" faisant la synthèse entre les deux écoles. Dans la perspective de leur livre, le « nudge » se présente comme une action ou une politique publique bien intentionnée, souvent fondée sur le bon sens et visant à corriger les faiblesses de la nature humaine et les excès de la paresse, pour pousser les individus à prendre par défaut les décisions qui les avantagent le plus, selon les principes de « l'architecture du choix ». Appliquées systématiquement à des pans entiers de la société américaine, ces idées pourraient être la vraie révolution de la présidence Obama ; Inspired by the works lead in the field of behavorial economics, the authors of Nudge distance themselves from the principles of Milton Friedman and try to transcend the ideas of John Maynard Keynes in order to found a "Real Third Way" -- a synthesis of the two economic schools. From their perspective, a "nudge" is presented as an action or a public policy which is well-intentioned and often based on common sense. Its aim is to correct the weaknesses of human nature and the excess of lazyness, in order to "nudge" people to take the decisions that advantage them the most by default. Applied systematically to a variety of sectors in the American society, the authors' ideas could well be the real revolution brought by the Obama presidency.