How is the oil extractive industry affecting the livelihoods of women in the Niger Delta? This study explores the nature of the oil extractive industry in Nigeria and its impact on the livelihoods of women. The paper further focuses on the role of civil society in reconciling the interest of the oil industry and local economy of women in the Niger Delta. Relying on primary and secondary data as well as feminist theories, the study examines the case of Ijaw, Ogbia and Ogoni women, who have traditionally relied on fishing and farming as major means of income. The paper argues that women are the most affected by the oil industry through frequent spilling of crude oil in creeks, rivers, swamps and farmlands, where their sources of income is derived from. In addition, the civil society with women as active participants has only achieved little in terms of social justice.
"Following a wave of oil discoveries in Africa, Oil-Age Africa offers new perspectives and critical reflections on the prevalent academic discourses on oil in Africa. This collection brings together researchers from the social sciences to challenge simplified readings of the complex realities of oil politics, economies and societies through theoretical critique and 'on the ground' ethnographic methods. Climate change highlights the need to understand the intricate ways societies are built on and for oil energy. Oil-Age Africa analyses the effects of oil production and the global energy structure, offering relevant insights and avenues for future research on oil"--
AbstractThis paper analyzes the transformations induced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the extractive sector, through an ethnographic study of villages neighboring an oil-drilling site in the Peruvian Amazon. It examines the materialization of a specific CSR device—the communal enterprise—which involves the majority of village members in the extractive industry as workers, owners, and managers of a subcontractor that provides services to the oil company. The paper highlights the importance of work and socialization to assess the transformative power of this original CSR device. After an opening section on how to study extractive governmentality "at work," the paper presents a genealogy of the communal enterprise. It then examines how communal enterprises tend to transform indigenous inhabitants into workers and entrepreneurs and thereby impact the everyday organization of the entire community. By examining the ways residents adopt these social technologies, the paper shows how the partial normalization of individual bodies and collective organization induced by CSR technologies is an ambivalent mix resulting from a process of mutual appropriation between the industrial milieu and the villages. In doing so, it contributes to governmentality studies related to extractive capitalism, corporate strategies for disciplining dissent, and the social transformations they generate locally.Cet article analyse les transformations induites par la Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises (RSE) dans le secteur de l'extraction par le biais d'une étude ethnographique des villages voisins d'un site de forage pétrolier d'Amazonie péruvienne. Il examine la matérialisation d'un dispositif de RSE spécifique : une entreprise communautaire qui implique la majorité des villageois dans l'industrie de l'extraction en tant que travailleurs, propriétaires et gérants d'un sous-traitant fournissant des services à la compagnie pétrolière. Cet article souligne l'importance du travail et de la socialisation pour évaluer le pouvoir de transformation de ce dispositif de RSE original. Après une section introductive portant sur la façon d'étudier la gouvernementalité de l'extraction « au travail », cet article présente une généalogie de l'entreprise communautaire. Il examine ensuite la manière dont les entreprises communautaires tendent à transformer les habitants indigènes en travailleurs et en entrepreneurs et ainsi à impacter l'organisation quotidienne de l'ensemble de la communauté. Cet article montre en quoi la normalisation partielle des corps individuels et de l'organisation collective induite par les techniques de RSE est un mélange ambivalent résultant d'un processus d'appropriation mutuelle entre le milieu industriel et les villages en examinant la façon dont les habitants adoptent ces techniques sociales. Ce faisant, il contribue aux études de gouvernementalité liées au capitalisme de l'extraction, aux stratégies mises en œuvre par les entreprises pour discipliner la dissidence et aux transformations sociales qu'elles génèrent localement.En este artículo se analizan las transformaciones impulsadas por la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) en el sector de la extracción mediante un estudio etnográfico de las aldeas que se encuentran cerca de un sitio de extracción de petróleo en la Amazonía peruana. También se examina la materialización de un método específico de RSC, la empresa comunal, en la que la mayoría de los miembros de la aldea participan en la industria como trabajadores, propietarios y administradores de un subcontratista que presta servicios a la compañía petrolera. Además, se destaca la importancia del trabajo y la socialización para evaluar el poder de transformación de este método original de RSC. Después de la primera sección, donde se explica cómo estudiar la gobernabilidad extractiva ``en el trabajo'', en el artículo se presenta una genealogía de la empresa comunal. En esta se explora la forma en la que las empresas comunales suelen transformar a los habitantes autóctonos en trabajadores y emprendedores y, por lo tanto, modifican la organización establecida de toda la comunidad. Al analizar las formas en las que los residentes adoptan estas tecnologías sociales, en el artículo se muestra cómo la normalización parcial de los cuerpos individuales y de la organización colectiva producida por las tecnologías de RSC es una mezcla ambivalente que se produce como consecuencia de un proceso de apropiación mutua entre el entorno industrial y las aldeas. Este análisis contribuye a los estudios de gobernabilidad relacionados con el capitalismo extractivo, las estrategias corporativas para disciplinar la disidencia y las transformaciones sociales que generan a nivel local.
This new sourcebook admirably illuminates the spectrum of integrated policy interventions necessary to transform natural resource wealth into sustainable development, ranging from the allocation of resource extraction rights to the use and distribution of revenues. It recognizes and emphasizes the importance of the political and institutional context. The sourcebook ably breaks down the implications of the type of natural resource, describes the organization of the industry, and provides illustrative examples and useful citations from the literature. How individual governments, companies, and the world as a whole approach the management and governance of mineral and energy resources will be important in determining the success or failure of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Given the breadth of the SDGs and the targets therein, as well as the myriad challenges of natural resource governance, the new sourcebook and the community of researchers and practitioners that continues to grow around it will help to shed light on the path ahead
AbstractOil and natural gas activity has grown dramatically over the last decade around the United States because, in part, of increased use of unconventional technologies like hydraulic fracturing. Social scientists have examined the broad array of impacts of this growth to communities disproportionately impacted by activity. This paper contributes to that work by using survey and qualitative interviews to examine the experiences of Coloradans with harm created by oil and gas activity when they live adjacent to production or extraction sites. Using a green criminological and critical criminological framing, our findings illuminate that Coloradans in these samples experienced persistent and patterned harm from oil and gas activity to which they lived proximate. Additionally—paralleling criminological literature on street crime—our findings indicate that official state records on harm prevalence is likely inaccurate and that, instead, a "dark figure" of harm exists. This results because of underreporting of harm by those who experience it which occurs in part, at least for those in our sample, because of a lack of trust or sense of fairness in the regulatory process.
In this article extraction economies in less developed countries are compared to extraction economies in developed countries—to the Houston, Texas, and Aberdeen, Scotland, petroleum regions. The following questions are addressed: (1) What are the differences in Houston's and Aberdeen's development as petroleum regions? (2) How has their extractive development differed from that in less developed countries? (3) What is the relationship of early layers of development to later extractive investments? (4) How have capital timing and scale shaped Houston's and Aberdeen's development as urban regions? The historical timing of oil discoveries greatly affects the way oil capital builds up and exfoliates relationally in urban regions.
Perhaps it should not be surprising that sex crimes, the sex trade and anti-woman violence, have become major and predictable by-products of oil, gas and mining extraction operations. After all, mining and drilling camps attract hundreds, even thousands of mostly male workers, typically housed in makeshift 'man camps'. It is a global epidemic. This article looks at the market trends among investors who look at social performance as well as financial performance. It includes a case study on the difference in financial performance between the oil, gas and mining companies that uphold Indigenous peoples' rights and those companies that do not. The results indicate that for the extractive industry and its investors, doing what is right and doing what pays are one and the same when it comes to Indigenous peoples' rights. This article proposes that it would be the same for women's rights and that as governments increasingly prove incapable or unwilling to protect women, we need to turn to the market and make our voices heard. What is needed are the metrics and analytical tools for assessing the impact and financial risks a company can incur, when it fails to recognize women's rights.
Governing in the extractive industries : an introduction / Lori Leonard and Siba N. Grovogui -- Tendencies in tension : resource governance and social contradictions in contemporary Bolivia / Tom Perreault -- Mining, criminalization, and the right to protest : everyday constructions of the post-neoliberal Ecuadorian state / Emily Billo -- Preserving illusions : the rule of law and legitimacy under the Chad Pipeline Project / Siba N. Grovogui -- "We own this oil" : artisanal refineries, extractive industries and the politics of oil in Nigeria / Omolade Adunbi -- Converting threats to power : methane extraction in Lake Kivu, Rwanda / Kristin Doughty -- Politics in the public sphere : ENGOs and oil companies in the international climate negotiations, 1987-2001 / Simone Pulver -- Preventing the resource curse : ethnographic notes on an economic experiment / Gisa Weszkalnys -- Illness, compensation, and claims for justice : lessons from the Choropampa mercury spill / Fabiana Li -- Wars of words : experts, oil, and environmental governance in Chad / Lori Leonard -- Post-script : mapping neo-extractive frontiers across Africa and Latin America / Brenda Chalfin
1. Introduction and overview / Philip Daniel. [et al.] -- 2. International corporate taxation and the extractive industries : principles, practice, problems / Michael Keen and Peter Mullins -- 3. An overview of tranfer pricing in extractive industries / Stephen E. Shay -- 4. Transfer pricing : special extractive industry issues / Jack Calder -- 5. International tax and treaty strategy in resource-rich developing countries : experience and approaches / Philip Daniel and Victor Thuronyi -- 6. Extractive investments and tax treaties : issues for investors / Janine Juggins -- 7. Taxing gains on transfer of interest / Lee Burns, Honore Le Leuch and Emil M. Sunley -- 8. Fiscal issues for cross-border natural resource projects / Joseph C. Bell and Jasmina B. Chauvin -- 9. International oil and gas pipelines : legal, tax, and tariff issues / Honore Le Leuch -- 10. The design of joint development zone treaties and international unitization agreements / Peter Cameron -- 11. Fiscal schemes for joint development of petroleum in disputed areas : a primer and an evaluation / Philip Daniel, Chandara Veung and Alistair Watson -- 12. Taxes, royalties and cross-border resource investments / Jack M. Mintz -- 13. Tax competition and coordination in extractive industries / Mario Mansour and Artur Swistak.
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The Concluding Statement from an October 2012 Global Seminar on the Role of Parliaments and Extractive Industries points to steps Parliaments can take to ensure that the development of mineral, oil and gas resources is a benefit rather than a curse for their societies. Parliamentarians from selected resource-rich Commonwealth jurisdictions shared experiences with experts from international organizations to identify problems and solutions. Adapted from the source document.
