Suchergebnisse

Understanding human security as a tool to promote societal security in the Arctic / Kamrul Hossain, Miguel Roncero and Anna Petretei -- Policies and strategies for the Arctic : a review of the approaches to human security in the Arctic / Jose Miguel Roncero -- The interplay of the human security and sustainable development concepts : the case of Russia's Arctic industrial centers / Alexander Sergunin -- Human security, risk and sustainability in the Swedish policy for the Arctic / Sara Nyhlen, Katarina Giritli Nygren, Anna Olofsson and Johanna Bergstrom -- Colonialism, statehood, and Sami in norden and the Norwegian high north / Wilfrid Greaves -- Outer space and indigenous security : Sweden's ESRANGE launch site and the human security of the Sami / Michael Sheehan -- The value of the Barents region : more than a resource provider / Corinna Casi -- Whether and how social work could address the long-term socio-environmental risks caused by the mining industry in northern Finland / Satu Ranta-Tyrkko -- Achieving human and societal security in oil producing regions : Komi-Izhma community perspective from Pripechorʹe, Russia / Julia Loginova -- The role of hydrocarbon development in Arctic governance : a suitable approach for human development in the region? / Gerald Zojer -- Arctic society and societal security : a reference to extractive developments in northern Fennoscandia / Kamrul Hossain, Anna Petretei -- Indigenous rights and livelihoods as concerns in the decision-making on extractive industries in Finland / Stefan Kirchner -- Innocence challenged : perceptions and constructions of human security in Scandinavian literature on the arctic / Helene Peterbauer and Jose Miguel Roncero Martin -- Digital storytelling : a bottom-up approach to gender & human security in the Barents region? / Tahnee Lisa Prior -- Cultural identity in families with "the Finnish origin" living in a Russian speaking environment (according to material of Murmansk Region) / Elena Busyreva -- Favorite and least favorite places of the northern border cities (as exemplified in the drawings of schoolchildren of Nikel and Kirkenes) / Tatiana Zhigaltsova -- The Aarctic : a region in motion / Kamrul Hossain, Miguel Roncero and Anna Petretei

Extreme energy injustice and the expansion of capital / Mary Finley-Brook -- "The most dangerous country in the world" : violence and capital in post-coup Honduras / Tyler Shipley -- Under siege : peaceful resistance to Tahoe Resources and militarization in Guatemala / Luis Solano -- Deadly soya : the violent expansion of Paraguay's agro-extractive frontier / Arturo Ezquerro-Cañete -- "And then the palm farmers came" : violence and women's resistance in the Colombian Afro-Pacific region / Paula Balduino de Melo -- Coal and conflict : transnational investment, violence, and the extraction of mineral resources in Colombia / Rosalvina Otálora Cortés -- Oil, gas, and guns : war, privatization, and violence in Tamaulipas, Mexico / Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera andCarlos Daniel Gutiérrez-Mannix -- Legal and illegal violence in Mexico : organized crime, politics, and mining in Michoacán / Ana Del Conde and Heriberto Paredes Coronel -- Criminal violence and armed community defence in Mexico / Antonio Fuentes Díaz -- Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán : from mining enclave to global hub / Patricia Alvarado Portillo -- Elites, violence, and resources in Veracruz, Mexico / Michelle Arroyo Fonseca and Jorge Rebolledo Flores -- Punitive dispossession : authoritarian neoliberalism and the road to mass incarceration / Elva F. Orozco Mendoza -- Violence, expansion, resistance / Simon Granovsky-Larsen and Dawn Paley.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- "Introduction: A New Politics of Containment" -- PART ONE: Rights in Suspension -- 1 "From the Welfare State to the Militarized Market: Losing Choices, Controlling Losers" -- 2 "Poverty as an Everyday State of Exception" -- 3 "Beyond Displacement: Gentrification of Racialized Spaces as Violence-Harlem, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana" -- 4 "Schooled In/Security: Surplus Subjects, Racialized Masculinity, and Citizenship" -- 5 "Dispossessing Law: Arbitrary Detention in Southern Thailand" -- PART TWO: Fugitive Corporeality -- 6 "Spectacle of Terror, Spectacle of Security" -- 7 "Securing Life: Human Trafficking, Biopolitics, and the Sovereign Pardon" -- 8 "Surveillance and Securitization: The New Politics of Social Reproduction" -- PART THREE: Displacement of Politics -- 9 "Securing the Market of War: The Middle East Partnership Initiative" -- 10 "Accumulating Insecurity among Illegal Immigrants" -- 11 "Protest-as-Violence in Oil Fields: The Contested Representation of Profiteering in Two Extractive Sites" -- 12 "National Security versus Public Safety: Femicide, Drug Wars, and the Mexican State" -- 13 "Capitalizing Humanity: The Global Disposition of People and Things" -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

This volume examines domestic and international environmental issues from an environmental justice perspective. The book is a compilation of original research articles and is divided into six parts. Articles in Part I focus on urban environmental issues and sustainability including Central Park's influence on historical and contemporary models of funding public parks, London's community-based efforts to deliver affordable fresh food to the poor and the relationship between sustainable living, green consumption and social justice concerns in an ecovillage in New York. Part II concentrates on water resources and the hazards of toxic fish consumption. Part III features food security, agriculture and land loss. Energy and the theme of land and resource loss in host communities is the focus in Part IV. It discusses the poverty that is pervasive in communities hosting extractive oil and gas installations and the industry and attitudes towards it in rural Trinidad and Nigeria. Part V employs spatial analyses techniques to examine siting and toxic releases and Part VI examines diversity and environmental attitudes and presents findings of national studies and environmental conflicts.

"What are the possibilities for a radical politics of universal humanity, at a time when the politics of identity increasingly defines the agenda of the left? What are the political and conceptual implications of such an emancipatory form of universality emerging through the struggles of Indigenous peoples on the extractive frontiers of global capitalism? How do such battles play out on the ground, and how should they be researched and conveyed? Extractivism and Universality tells the inside story of a spontaneous uprising in the Ecuadorian Amazon in 2017, in which mestizo, Black and Indigenous workers and communities confronted the combined forces of a multinational oil company and a militarized state. It documents a rapidly evolving battle that achieved a remarkable victory, and captures the flourishing of an insurgent form of political universality in which racial, ethnic, and cultural divisions were suddenly and powerfully overcome. Intervening in debates on the resistances and alternatives developed by the inhabitants of resource extraction zones, the book takes the reader deep inside a rebellion on an Amazonian oil frontier and offers a unique insight into insurgent universality in the lived reality of its material existence. It argues that the dominant decolonial dichotomy between Eurocentric universalism and an Indigenous pluriverse should be replaced by an approach that is attentive to manifestations of universality performed by diverse subaltern subjects. And it does so through a fast-paced fusion of radical political theory with the raw first-person style of gonzo journalism. It will appeal to scholars and students across the social sciences with interests in political and social theory, social movements, labour relations, and the political ecology of extractivism"--

Intro -- Foreword: A Long Hot Summer (From Now On) -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction: Enforcing Ecological Destruction -- Enforcing Ecological Catastrophe -- Exploring Catastrophe -- Anthropocentrism in Policing Literature -- Colonialism, the State, and Counterinsurgency-Policing -- The Book Contributors -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part I Hydrocarbon Militarization -- 2 A Postcolonial History of Accumulation by Contamination in the Gulf -- Introduction -- Accumulation by Contamination in the Postcolonial Era -- Iraq's Postcolonial History of Accumulation by Contamination -- Extraction Rebellion -- The Saddam Years: War Pollution by Oil Accumulation -- The Iran-Iraq War -- The 1991 Gulf War -- The 2003 Iraq War -- The Rise of ISIL and Contamination by Repetition -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 Beyond Rentier State and Climate Conflict: Clashing Environmental Imaginaries and Ecological Oppression in Iran -- Introduction -- A Rentier State Creating Its Own Climate Conflict? -- Rentierism and Security Without a State? -- Ecological Oppression and State Environmental Imaginary -- Conclusion: Freedom from Resource Curse and Climate Conflict -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- 4 Policing Indigenous Land Defense and Climate Activism: Learnings from the Frontlines of Pipeline Resistance in Canada -- Introduction -- The Context -- Ongoing Settler Colonialism -- The Systemic Racism in the Police and Judicial Systems -- Policing Resistance Movements in Canada -- Exploring the Conflict Transformation Framework -- Discursive Power -- Institutional Power -- Relational Power -- Material Power -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part II Enforcing Extraction -- 5 Global Britain and London's Mega-Mining Corporations: Colonial Ecocide, Extractive Zones, and Frontiers of Martial Mining -- Introduction.

"Preface and Acknowledgements" -- "Contents" -- "Notes on the Contributors" -- "List of Figures" -- "List of Tables" -- "Contested Extractivism, Society and the State: An Introduction" -- "Contentious Politics, Spatial Dimensions and the Political Ecology of Extractivism" -- "The Relationship Between Society and State, State Spaces and Democracy" -- "About the Book" -- "References" -- "Reimagining Extractivism: Insights from Spatial Theory" -- "Introduction" -- "What Is Extractivism?" -- "Theorising the Spatiality of Extractivism" -- "Pathways Towards Re-spatialising Extractivism" -- "The Production of Extractive Spaces" -- "Heterotopic Extractivism" -- "Local States/Spaces of Exception" -- " Conclusions" -- "References" -- "Beyond Curse and Blessing: Rentier Society in Venezuela" -- "Introduction" -- "Natural Resources, Rents and Development: An Overview of Scholarly Debates" -- "Shortcomings of the Current Rentier and Resource Curse Debate" -- "Beyond Curse and Blessing: Analytical Starting Points for a Deeper Understanding of Rentier Societies" -- "A Crucial Case Study: Venezuela's Rentier Society" -- "The Distribution of Rent Income in Venezuela" -- "Reclaiming the Rent: Oil and Venezuelan Society" -- " Conclusions" -- "References" -- "Ghana – Big Man, Big Envelope, Finish: Chinese Corporate Exploitation in Small-Scale Mining" -- "Introduction" -- "Context: Gold Mining in Ghana" -- "Shaanxi Mining (Ghana) Limited and Resource Conflict" -- "'Police Arrests (sic.) Assembly Member and 11 Others for Rioting' " -- "Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper East and the Arrival of SMGHL" -- "Resistance and Conflict" -- "State Response" -- "Outcomes of Resource Conflict" -- "Corporate Theft?" -- "State Collusion" -- "Opposition Failure" -- "Local Community Fractured".

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction to Project Finance -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 Characteristics of Project Financing -- 1.3 Public-Private Partnership Framework -- 1.3.1 PPP Policy -- 2 Project Financing and Direct Conventional Financing -- 2.1 General -- 2.2 Corporate Finance -- 2.3 Traditional Procurement -- 2.4 Project Finance -- 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Project Finance -- 2.5.1 Advantages -- 2.5.2 Disadvantages -- 2.6 Evolution of Project Finance -- 2.6.1 The Extractive and Oil Industry -- 2.6.2 The Natural Resource Industry -- 2.6.3 The Power Industry & -- Beyond -- 3 Sources of Project Funds -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Sources of Funds -- 3.3 Project Financing Participants -- 3.4 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.5 Structuring Project Finance -- 4 Bankability -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Bankability Assessment -- 4.2.1 Certainty of Revenue Stream -- 4.2.2 Risk Factors -- 4.2.2.1 Political Environment -- 4.2.2.2 Economic Environment -- 4.2.2.3 Legal System -- 4.2.2.4 Regulatory Framework -- 4.2.2.5 Environmental Risk -- 4.2.2.6 Project Specificity -- 4.2.2.7 Project Financial Structure -- 4.2.2.8 Third-Party Risk Allocation -- 4.2.2.9 Contract Agreement -- 4.3 Bankability Tradeoff -- 5 Public Procurement: Laws and Regulations -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Public Procurement Legal Framework -- 5.3 Principles of Public Procurement -- 5.3.1 Transparency -- 5.3.2 Integrity -- 5.3.3 Efficiency -- 5.3.4 Fairness -- 5.3.5 Openness -- 5.3.6 Competition -- 5.3.7 Accountability -- 5.4 Public Procurement Cycle -- 5.4.1 Competitive Tendering -- 5.4.2 Pre-qualification of Bidders -- 5.4.3 Processing and Evaluating Bids -- 5.4.4 Making Award Recommendations -- 5.4.5 Negotiating Contracts -- 5.4.6 Contract Award Letter and Signing the Contract.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Securing Ecological Destruction (by Alexander Dunlap and Andrea Brock ) -- Part 1: Hydrocarbon Militarization -- Chapter 2. A Postcolonial History of Accumulation by Contamination in the Gulf (by Michael Hennessy Picard & Tina Beigi) -- Chapter 3. Beyond Rentier State and Climate Conflict: Clashing Environmental Imaginaries and Ecological Oppression in Iran (by Maziar Samiee) -- Chapter 4. Policing Indigenous Land Defense and Climate Activism: Learnings from the Frontlines of Pipeline Resistance in Canada (by Jen Gobby and Lucy Everett) -- Part 2: Enforcing Extraction -- Chapter 5. Global Britain and London's Mega-mining Corporations: Colonial Ecocide, Extractive Zones, and Frontiers of Martial Mining (by Daniel Selwyn) -- Chapter 6. The Self-Reinforcing Cycle of Ecological Degradation & Repression: Uprooting the Ecological Coast of Policing & Militarization (by Alexander Dunlap) -- Chapter 7. Oil, Arms and Emissions – The Role of the Military in a Changing Climate (by Wendela de Vries) -- Part 3: Policing Ecosystems -- Chapter 8. If the Army Cuts Trees, Why Can't We? Resource Extraction, Hunting and the Impacts of Militaries on Biodiversity Conservation (by Anwesha Dutta and Trishant Simlai) -- Chapter 9. Policing the High Speed 2 (HS2) train line – repression and collusion along Europe's biggest infrastructure project (by Andrea Brock and Jan Goodey) -- Chapter 10. Ecological Terror and Pacification: Counterinsurgency for the Climate Crisis (by Peter Gelderloos) -- Part 4: Looking forward -- Chapter 11. Demilitarize for a Just Transition (by Matthew Burke and Nina L. Smolyar).

"The management of public lands in the West is a matter of long-standing and oft-contentious debates. The government must balance the interests of a variety of stakeholders, including extractive industries like oil and timber; farmers, ranchers, and fishers; Native Americans; tourists; and environmentalists. Local, state, and government policies and approaches change according to the vagaries of scientific knowledge, the American and global economies, and political administrations. Occasionally, debates over public land usage erupt into major incidents, as with the armed occupation of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in 2016. While a number of scholars work on the politics and policy of public land management, there has been no central book on the topic since the publication of Charles Davis's Western Public Lands and Environmental Politics (Westview, 2001). In The Environmental Politics and Policy of Western Public Lands, Erika Allen Wolters and Brent Steel have assembled a stellar cast of scholars to consider long-standing issues and topics such as endangered species, land use, and water management while addressing more recent challenges to western public lands like renewable energy siting, fracking, Native American sovereignty, and land use rebellions. Chapters also address the impact of climate change on policy dimensions and scope. The Environmental Politics and Policy of Western Public Lands is co-published with Oregon State University Open Educational Resources, who will release an open access edition alongside this print edition."

Since the early 1990s, Mongolia began its hopeful transition from socialism to a market democracy, becoming increasingly dependent on international mining revenue. Both shifts were promised to herald a new age of economic plenty for all. Now, roughly 30 years on, many of Mongolia's poor and rural feel that they have been forgotten.
Moral Economic Transitions in the Mongolian Borderlands describes these shifts from the viewpoint of the self-proclaimed 'excluded': the rural township of Magtaal on the Chinese border. In the wake of socialism, the population of this resource-rich area found itself without employment and state institutions, yet surrounded by lush nature 30 kilometres from the voracious Chinese market. A two-tiered resource-extractive political-economic system developed. Whilst large-scale, formal, legally sanctioned conglomerates arrived to extract oil and land for international profits, the local residents grew increasingly dependent on the Chinese-funded informal, illegal cross-border wildlife trade. More than a story about rampant capitalist extraction in the resource frontier, this book intimately details the complex inner worlds, moral ambiguities and emergent collective politics constructed by individuals who feel caught in political-economic shifts largely outside of their control.
Offering much needed nuance to commonplace descriptions of Mongolia's post-socialist transition, this study presents rich ethnographic detail through the eyes and voices of the state's most geographically marginalized. It is of interest not only to experts of political-economy and post-socialist transition, but also to non-academic readers intrigued by the interplay of value(s) and capitalism.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Notes on editors and contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- PART I: The environment in the Global South during the globalization of "sustainable development" -- 1 Managing environmental risks in privately financed infrastructure projects in Nigeria -- 2 The curse of best practices: impact assessment in the context of the governance of extractives in Mongolia -- 3 Extra-territorial litigation remedies: a case study of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline in Uganda -- PART II: Interfaces between developed and developing countries in environmental law -- 4 Sustainable development through environmental federalism in the case of Ethiopia -- 5 Diversification of mono-economies: how legislation manages the environmental impact of foreign investments in Nigeria -- 6 Transformation of sustainable development goals in regional international organizations: vertical effects, contested indicators, and interlinkages for the formation of environmental law -- 7 The implementation of the Paris agreement through tax law: examples from South Africa, India, China, and Brazil -- PART III: Alternatives to globalization in environmental law -- 8 The contracting state's role in the energy community to build the European Union's envisioned sustainable future -- 9 Global environmental governance: a necessary pathway for sustainable development of Caribbean Small Island Developing States -- 10 Going beyond the law: the potential and limits of public participation in the context of sustainable development -- 11 Environmental hazards and human rights violations: the case of Presídio Central Prison in Brazil -- Conclusions: indicator species and the future of environmental law -- Index.

In the early nineteenth century a ten-mile stretch along the Kanawha River in western Virginia became the largest salt-producing area in the antebellum United States. Production of this basic commodity stimulated settlement, the livestock industry, and the rise of agricultural processing, especially pork packing, in the American West. The Virginia saltmakers dominated their locality in capital access, labor supply, and manipulation of public policy. Salt extraction was then and is now a fundamental industry. In his illuminating study, John Stealey examines the legal basis of this industry, its labor practices, and its marketing and distribution patterns. To control output and markets, the saltmakers created legal combinations - output pools, lease/re-lease contracts, joint stock companies, and a proposed trust - that are the earliest such examples in the United States. These combinations drew national opposition from western consumers and a crusade to reduce the salt tariff that revealed the international aspects of salt commerce. By eliminating middlemen in distribution, the Virginia salt producers anticipated later nineteenth-century manufacturers who tried to control prices and marketing. Their struggle with rationalization of factory management and marketing operations marks them as premodern business pioneers. Through technological innovation, they harnessed coal and steam as well as men and animals, constructed a novel evaporative system, and invented drilling tools later employed in oil and natural gas exploration. Thus in many ways the salt industry was the precursor of the American extractive and chemical industries. Stealey's informative study is an important contribution to American economic, business, labor, and legal history

In the early nineteenth century a ten-mile stretch along the Kanawha River in western Virginia became the largest salt-producing area in the antebellum United States. Production of this basic commodity stimulated settlement, the livestock industry, and the rise of agricultural processing, especially pork packing, in the American West. The Virginia saltmakers dominated their locality in capital access, labor supply, and manipulation of public policy. Salt extraction was then and is now a fundamental industry. In his illuminating study, John Stealey examines the legal basis of this industry, its labor practices, and its marketing and distribution patterns. To control output and markets, the saltmakers created legal combinations - output pools, lease/re-lease contracts, joint stock companies, and a proposed trust - that are the earliest such examples in the United States. These combinations drew national opposition from western consumers and a crusade to reduce the salt tariff that revealed the international aspects of salt commerce. By eliminating middlemen in distribution, the Virginia salt producers anticipated later nineteenth-century manufacturers who tried to control prices and marketing. Their struggle with rationalization of factory management and marketing operations marks them as premodern business pioneers. Through technological innovation, they harnessed coal and steam as well as men and animals, constructed a novel evaporative system, and invented drilling tools later employed in oil and natural gas exploration. Thus in many ways the salt industry was the precursor of the American extractive and chemical industries. Stealey's informative study is an important contribution to American economic, business, labor, and legal history.

Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- PART I GEOPOLITICS AND STRATEGIC RESOURCES -- 1. Energy as a developmental strategy: creating knowledge-based energy sectors in Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland -- 2. Strengthening US Arctic policy through US-Russia maritime cooperation -- 3. Canada's Arctic agenda: failing to make a case for economic development as an international strategy in the circumpolar North? -- 4. Oil-spill response in the Russian Arctic -- 5. Arctic securitization and climate change -- 6. Subsurface politics: Greenlandic discourses on extractive industries -- 7. Arctic energy policy: global, international, transnational and regional levels -- PART II LAW OF THE SEA -- 8. The exploitation and management of marine resources in the Arctic: law, politics and the environmental challenge -- 9. Arctic marine mammals in international environmental law and trade law -- 10. Maritime limits and boundaries in the Arctic Ocean: agreements and disputes -- 11. The seaward limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic Ocean: legal framework and state practice -- 12. Arctic sovereignty and its legal significance for Canada* -- PART III ARCTIC INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIFIC FIELDS OF COOPERATION -- 13. Oceans governance, the Arctic Council and ecosystem-based management -- 14. Canadian sovereignty versus northern security: the case for updating our mental map of the Arctic -- 15. The Arctic Council -- 16. Institutional complexity in Arctic governance: curse or blessing? -- 17. Controlling the long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the Arctic: progressions and political pairings -- 18. From Ilulissat to Kiruna: managing the Arctic Council and the contemporary geopolitics of the Arctic