Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the texts posted in migrant groups in social networks, on forums and YouTube-channels. It is hypothesized that legalization in a host country becomes a common and crucial topic for migrant groups: the potential trajectories of users' moving to a city or a country, as well as the tactics of their integration into the host community, may depend on how legality is defined in a particular migrantgroup. Legalization is often defined by users as a meaningless, humiliating and tedious procedure, which is more of a ritual nature than of any practical significance, recalling the rite of passage. The article suggests that the ritual nature of the migrant legalization procedure leads to the fact that many of them are looking for ways to avoid it even at the initial stage of their migration process, using the Internet community as a tool to reduce the expenses associated with attaining legality. The selection of the material and its subsequent analysis was carried out with the help of digital ethnography, namely — online observation.

The article deals with the problem of modern communication of universities with the student audience in the online space. In order to identify the features of user involvement in the work of university groups in social networks, the interests of the target audience and the specifics of user actions, a comprehensive study was conducted, based on the methods of expert survey, event analysis, content analysis, case study and index analysis. The respondents of the expert survey were 18 representatives — administrators of university groups in social networks from Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Cherepovets. The study also included a review of the posted content in the main Kostroma State University communities on the VK social network and Telegram messenger, the VK student union group in two spring academic months (March — April) and summer (July — August). As a result, classifications of posts posted in online groups by form and content were developed, user involvement in a particular type of content was calculated, the most frequently used publications in different groups were identified, the dynamics of posting posts depending on the type of site and time period were revealed.

Cluster-network analysis of online communities will move from rizomnoy paradigm to cluster in the perception of social networks as a form of interpersonal and intergroup communication. This article describes the author's technique created and approved research online communities of political, public and commercial organizations in the framework of the IIP in "AIT" Bashkir State University.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the digital infrastructure of civil and political participation of Russians, it shows the connections between the audiences of online network communities, reflecting markers of the attitude of Russian social media users to the current government and indicators of the involvement of Russian citizens in the implementation of social initiatives. To construct graphs, we used a tool for unloading information and modeling the infrastructure of social connections of graphs, created on the basis of the programming language R. Additionally, the vkR packages were used to unload information from the VKontakte social network, as well as the igraph and ggraph packages for working with graphs and arcdiagram for visualisation. To interpret the empirical data, the principles of the network approach and the methodology of smart search for digital markers of socio-political processes were applied. As a result of the study, indicators of the density of communications between digital groups of political and civil participation were revealed, and the intersection of their audiences was established. Segments of the infrastructure of connections are shown both for all socio-media communities (research cases) and for each block of communities classified on two grounds: orientation (loyal or critically oriented towards the authorities) and type of group (political or civil). The intersection of audiences of loyalist and oppositional online communities was revealed and reflected in the graphs. The disunity and distance between loyalist, conventional audiences of groups carrying out political communication from civil groups, who are also constructively disposed towards the authorities, are shown. Revealed and graphically interpreted the techniques of capturing the user audience in the activities of opposition online leaders. Risks of a low density of connections between audiences of loyal social media communities have been substantiated. A relatively high density of connections has been established between opposition political online groups aimed at forming unconventional, deconsolidating attitudes of Russian social media users. Basic measures have been formulated to overcome the danger of consolidating supporters of opposition digital groups and the risks of increasing the influence of critical online leaders among the loyalist audience.

Within the context of conditions for the existence, activity and development prospects of a region's territorial communities, a resource approach is something of particular significance. A region's development depends on the participation of city dwellers and villagers, these being the main territorial communities, in processes such as modernization and the social development of territories. From the author's perspective, the future of any given region is determined by social resources bearing a space-time nature, which include the quantitative and qualitative composition of the population (human resources), human and social capital, eventfulness, and social activism. The social resources of territorial communities are one of the important basic components for fulfilling the domestic demands of the population: life-supporting, existential; the demand for solidarity connections, national-ethnical, labor, leisure, educational and cultural relations; as well as self-fulfillment and self-actualization. This article's author notes that the social resources of territorial communities provide external communication with other communities and territories, defining the competitive capacity and investment appeal of any given region, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of migration flow. What makes social resources, which can be defined as a product of people collaborating and cooperating, unique in comparison to material resources, according the author of this article, is down to such properties as the ability to capitalize and constantly reproduce, replenish as a result of the development of territorial communities, the advancement of forms of governance and self-management, shifts in people's social qualities during the process of socialization, education, self-education and self-fulfillment on a certain territory. The sociological-managerial approach's "new agenda" consists of proactive creation, development and advancement of social resources, while keeping them within a certain territory. A region's social resources ensure its stable operation and advancement as a socio-economical and communicative system, existing within a certain space-time continuum. A multitude of differences in the existence of territorial communities, on the one hand, and the reduction of the uniqueness, individuality and manners of cultural consumption, social interests and relations under the influence of globalization on the other hand – this all indicates the emergence of a new scenario, new opportunities and limitations in terms of regional development. These social transformational processes are in need of sociological introspection in order to define the trajectory for the development of Russian regions, to examine collaboration between urban and rural social communities within the context of a single regional system, and to improve social management.

Studying the network of interpersonal and intergroup interactions between individuals / groups of individuals is carried out with the help of mathematical models. This type of study is called cluster-network analysis. In this article, based on years of his own research in this area is represented by adapting the analysis of networking in terms of social philosophy. Inconclusive nature of the relationship stratification in online communities and describes a method of calculation of social capital.

The article is devoted to the dissemination of online media technologies that led to the evolution of the life structure of modern youth. in a global information society. Internet communication, forming a virtual dimension of reality, represents a new habitat for youth interactive communities and the implementation of political communications. The author argues that network media in the digital age have become the most important institution of political socialization of the younger generation. The analysis of the priority directions of the media policy of the subjects of the political process using digital and network technologies showed that this mechanism is rapidly developing.

English version of the article on pp. 161-164 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/impact-of-online-media-on-the-socialisation-and-inclusion-of-the-young-in-the-digital-age/65922.html

This article presents the results of the authors' media-analysis study of social media in central federal cities – Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Sevastopol – on search queries such as "coronavirus", "covid 19", "sitting at home" and "stay at home" which came up during the first three weeks of self-isolation – from March 23rd to April 12th 2020. This allowed for analyzing trends in social media threads that emerged due to the lockdown and the epidemiological crisis, and for understanding the specifics of how a certain response to common threats and challenges was formulated in regional online-communities. The cybermetric analysis of social media conducted by the authors, using a big data mining system for monitoring and analyzing social networks called "Medialogiya", allowed for tracking the develpment of media and communication trends associated with an ambiguous evaluation on behalf of internet users of the situation with the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown, as well as the emergence of new digital forms of interaction used by individuals in their day to day affairs. The study was carried out within the framework of a project called "Developing methods of agent modeling and big data for analyzing social media in post-conflict societies". The research group defines the information attained from "Medialogiya's" system as "big sociological data", which allows for analyzing interactions between human beings and information, as well as their behavior in the internet. The research results prove the development of regional specifics when discussing the pandemic and the issues associated with the ensuing lockdown experienced by internet users from Moscow and Sevastopol, which speaks to the emergence of a sort of regional solidarity in the face of this new threat and the challenges it poses. Sevastopol's segment of the internet displayed not only regional, but also "peninsula" solidarity. New conditions of everyday life brought us to view the new viral infection as a socio-political phenomenon, which in turn creates the grounds for new forms of consolidation within society, caused by various reactions to the crisis. One of the tasks currently faced by social sciences would be developing scenarios and outlines to explain the phenomenon in question.

The authors of this article base their reasoning on the fact that company towns are a special type of city space. In order to successfully implement programs for supporting and developing company towns, one must take into account the specific features inherent to the social-territorial community in question. Drawing attention to individual movement practices, them being activities in space, allows for identifying specifics and patterns in that particular social space where they are practiced, and the production of which they are contributing to. The study of the moving practices of industrial company town residents, which in scientific literature is represented by a very limited amount of studies, bears considerable potential for research, since it allows for tracing the entire process of space reproduction. Mobility has a systemic and routine character, being based on specific activity stereotypes and implicit "background expectations". As a result they are rather difficult to register using classic survey methods. The authors of this article base their reasoning on the assumption that studying social movement practices requires the examination of those situations which violate the established social order. The article takes into consideration publications from the "VK" social network as a description for such "situations". As such, the empirical base for the study consists of messages from open-access virtual territorial communities. The authors analyze communities that publish local news from three company towns in Sverdlovsky region (Pervouralsk, Krasnoturyinsk and Revda). The main distinction of the chosen data source is that publications appear upon user initiative, which rules out any influence the researcher might have on the meaning of the message. Content-analysis results allow for drawing a conclusion on the leading role of the automobile for company town residents, as well as on their dissatisfaction with public transport services. Also, the study allows for identifying the city space peculiarities inherent to Ural region company towns, which are defined by the locals' mobility practices and also reproduced by said practices. According to the authors, these peculiarities are as follows: regarding a company town as a closed social-territorial community, perceiving such a city in the vein of outdated, unsafe space and obsolete infrastructure, as well as a certain tension existing between the population and local authorities within the city's social space.

The article is dedicated to a critical analysis of the theoretical and methodological developments of Soviet and Russian scientists in the field of urbanism and sociology of the city. The relevance of this work is seen in the fact that today the desire of a significant part of Russian citizens (especially young people) to move to Moscow, St. Petersburg and a number of large cities - centres of the subjects of the Russian Federation leads to a weakening of the spatial framework of the country. This makes it important to study the topic in the context of urbanisation processes in general. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the approaches of domestic scientists to the problems of the city, and non-capital cities in particular, as well as their general dynamics in the late Soviet, post-Soviet and modern periods.

In the 1970s–1980s urbanisation processes in the USSR were subordinated to production (the leading theme was "city and labor"); the settlement strategy continued, the advantages and contradictions of new cities were noted, the importance of including small towns in the agglomeration was emphasised. The foundations of urban social planning were developed, the ideology of "developed socialism" contributed to the formation of the problematics of the urban way of life and communities.

During the Perestroika period, many of the principles of urban development were formulated in opposition to the Soviet ones. The city was understood as a self-developing system, the individual was declared the measure of urban processes. The settlement system, that determines the most acute problems of new cities, was critically assessed. Differentiation of the capital and non-capital cities of Russia, serious contradictions in the development of small towns, and the weakening of agglomerations were noted. The focus was made on maintaining the large and largest urban centres.

In the 2000s, extreme criticism of Soviet urbanisation was overcome, strategic urban planning, the idea of preserving the network of small and medium-sized cities, and the development of agglomerations as the basis for the country's spatial development were promoted. The direction of research of intercity and intracity stratification in the context of problems of spatial inequality, urban activism and urban social environment was being developed.

The authors come to the conclusion that Russia has accumulated a wealth of experience in studying urbanisation processes. This suggests that in the future it will be possible to successfully combine the use of cities as reference points for the country's integration with the planning ideas developed during the Soviet period and models for the formation of a comfortable urban space, based on the activities of local communities.

The article is devoted to the consideration of ways of representing disability in social networks. The construction of the virtual identity of disabled people is considered by the authors in the focus of the dramatic approach presented in the works of I. Hoffman. Based on the qualitative content analysis of the accounts of bloggers with disabilities (N = 6), the author's typology of ways to represent disability was formulated. The main criterion for selecting profiles for analysis was the presence in the posted content of visual content that allows identifying the author of the profile as a person with physical or mental disabilities, as well as a description formulated by the author about himself. Among the studied accounts, different strategies for organizing self-representation were identified, due to different life experiences of individuals. This allowed us to identify several exceptional types of virtual representation of persons with special needs. Six types of disability were identified — demonstrative, abstract, built-in, accepting, frustrating and adapting. In the course of the study, the distinctive features characteristic of each type and diametrically opposed approaches to the construction of identity are interpreted. It is concluded that there are obvious and latent differences due not only to the unique experience of the actors who formed the requests, in an effort to satisfy which they create and maintain their blogs, but also to a different audience that makes up the target group of people consuming the posted content. It is recognized that the correlating parameters that determine the direction, thematic features, contextual nature of the analyzed accounts, although they may be dissimilar, are still focused on the integration of their creators into society through virtual communications. Social networks, with the opportunities they provide, today serve as a modern stage for performance and at the same time are a way of entering the communities of individuals and their life worlds. The activity of people with disabilities in social networks opens up additional prospects for their further inclusion in society and increases the inclusive culture of communities in online and offline environments.

In the context of the institutional transformation of education and the complication of the processes of its functioning and development in the information age, the problem of analyzing the self-assessment of educational success as a subjective regulator of human educational activity becomes of particular importance. The article examines the subjective assessment of success in formal education as a reflection of students' ideas about the degree of compliance with the system of institutional requirements through their acceptance / rejection. The analysis of the problems of educational success is bazed on the material of a large-scale sociological study of schoolchildren, students of secondary vocational education (SVE) and universities of the Sverdlovsk region (N = 2489 people). There were carried out the typologization of subjects of educational activity in accordance with the level of self-assessment of educational success; comparison of the types identified during the transition from one subsystem of education to another (school - secondary vocational education - university); determination of individual-personal and institutional contradictions and conflicts in the assessment of educational success as points of growth, the search for coordination of the needs and interests of the individual, on the one hand, and education as a social institution, on the other. The author comes to the conclusion that the self-assessment of educational success is a stable institutional construct that uniformly regulates educational activity at all stages of education, carrying out the process of differentiation of its subjects. At the same time, it can be dysfunctional in relation to the institution of education, its implementation of an adaptive, socio-cultural function, the function of professional self-determination. The results of the sociological study demonstrated that the institutionally formed model of self-assessment of success for educational communities in the current conditions is not optimal. Gradually transforming in accordance with the needs of students, the possibilities of the educational institution, the challenges of the time, it will have to change, creating conditions for broader prospects and diversity of the educational and professional future of students.

The article examines the main civilisational features of the development of Russia and their role in the modern socio-political transformations of Russian society. These features, according to the author, include the leading role of the state in the implementation of development projects and resource mobilisation; uneven socio-political development in time and space (development of society by impulses and jerks); combination in social dynamics of numerous opposite tendencies; periodic change of cultural and geopolitical vectors of development, caused by social delimitation and divisions. Arguments are given in favour of the fact that many of these features of the development of Russian society are due to the special, intermediate geographical, geopolitical and cultural-civilisational position of Russia between the civilisations of the West and the East. The author proves that a simple, uncritical borrowing and copying of Western political institutions without reformatting and adapting them to the conditions of modern Russia will either lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of these institutions, or to their serious degeneration and change. It is concluded that in the development and implementation of any projects of socio-political and economic development, it is essential to take into account both the general civilisational features of Russia and the internal Russian regional, local specifics, local socio-cultural norms and traditions, since their ignoring can lead to breaking the main social, cultural and value structures of Russian society.In addition, in modern conditions of global socio-political transformations and the numerous challenges associated with them it is extremely important for successful socio-political development to organically combine traditions with the necessary social innovations. However, as shown in the article, at present in Russia there is no such organic combination, and this seriously hinders socio-economic and cultural development. This implies the need to combine centralised planning and the development of federal development projects with the initiatives and proposals of local and regional communities, to focus not only on regional and local bureaucratic structures, but also on initiatives coming "from below" from groups of active citizens, from public organisations, volunteers and others. The author comes to the conclusion that this is especially important in the situation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis socio-economic and political phenomena caused by it.

This article is based on the results of a sociological study of Saratov's youth, conducted by means of mass survey. Examined are the theoretical approaches towards analyzing patriotism as a social phenomenon based on the notion of its multi-variance. The substantive content of the term "patriotism" is defined to a significant degree by those values which young people appreciate. It is shown that the diversity of value dominants creates seven models of patriotic attitudes: abstract patriotism, traditional, local (including household), liberal, democratic, critical and globalist anti-patriotism. Temporally all of these models shift in different and often times opposite directions. The older one gets – the more "abstract" and "traditional" models of patriotism diminish in terms of their importance, while local and liberal models grow, on the contrary (however, the proportion of household patriotism, which is included into the local category, does decrease). The process of maturing for young people is typically accompanied by a decreasing significance of the anti-patriotic interpretation.

Young people's patriotism usually manifests itself in everyday life, and less commonly in political and celebratory activities. The younger generation takes the utmost pride in our World War 2 victory, as well as the culture and history of their country. The fact that upbringing has the greatest effect on developing patriotism among young people is confirmed. Other influential factors include (in order of diminishing importance) public organizations, structures of government power, mass media, the education system, religion. The authors' analysis of the influence of patriotic events revealed that the greatest contributing factor to developing patriotism is when young people meet with veterans of various wars. Second place in that rating of effectiveness goes to watching feature films and reading books. All of Russian society's social institutions appear to have vast unrealized potential when it comes to cultivating patriotic sentiments and views among young people. In order to fully realize this potential, the authors suggest not only drastically changing our perspective on such an issue as patriotism, but also initiating active work in regions and in local communities, assisting patriotic associations, clubs and other organizations focused on patriotism, paying close attention to the activities of educational institutions, intensifying patriotic work with students on behalf of the armed forces, and, finally, prompting mass media to radically change their perspective on patriotism and patriotic upbringing.

Russia was affected by a waste management crisis at a later point than developed countries, due to the fact that during Soviet times everyday consumption was limited by a shortage of goods. After our country made the transition to capitalism, especially during the years of abundance, Russia's population strived towards compensating the deprivation of the past by actively consuming goods with no regard for the affects on the environment. The reason for such behavior lies in the population's peculiar system of values, defined by our country's history. Meanwhile the government had been completely ignoring the need for developing a waste management system which would suit the people's new lifestyle. It is quite obvious that such a crisis was imminent. However, its nature came as a surprise to government and municipal management. Due to this fact, the decisions they make are very much flawed, and they do not contribute to stability in our society, but rather postpone the resolution of the issue in question. Actual change to the situation lies not at the end of a product's life cycle, but rather at its beginning. Which is why the experience of European nations must be taken into consideration, where they actively implement circular (cyclical) economy principles into social and economic activity. This means that goods can not only be purchased, but also repaired, reused, modernized, passed on or resold etc. In order to implement such actions, there is a need for specific infrastructure, with the internet being a key component of such. We are already witnessing the spontaneous advancement of sharing platforms, where people swap goods or give them away for free, but this is not enough. Similarly to centers of overconsumption such as the "Zimnyaya Vishnya" shopping mall, dispersed prosumerism platforms need to appear, where people would engage in the various stages of reproducing goods for personal or public use. Such public spaces would allow for developing activities which consolidate local communities and family groups, and which eliminate consumers' detachment from produced goods by means of developing an understanding of their content and their reproduction life cycle. One of the conditions or manifestations of transforming society's lifestyle would be a shift in city infrastructure, away from widespread centralized consumption. This would decrease the environmental and technological risks, as well as increase the population's living standards.