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Within the framework of this work, an attempt is made to scientifically comprehend the principles of student motivation, in particular its features in the framework of online education. The authors consider the educational process as a communication between a teacher and a student and argue that online education radically changes the process of communication between the subjects of the educational process and translates it into a mediated and asynchronous format. To identify factors that determine the degree of motivation of students studying in the online format, the scientific work of foreign researchers with experience in the use of online technologies and the skills of scientific understanding of how the online format affects the assimilation of new knowledge by students was considered. The paradigm basis of the study is the cognitive approach, and the consideration of the process of mastering knowledge is based on the theory of MOA (motivation, opportunity, ability) and the probability model of conscious information processing. It has been established that the main advantage of online education is the reliance on independent work of students, and the use of
project-based learning is the best way to overcome the obstacles facing online education and unleash its full potential. The external and internal factors influencing motivation are identified, the main problems of the Russian education system, which is attempting to enter the online format, are identified, and recommendations are given for optimizing this process aimed at increasing the motivation of Russian students.

The article considers the problems in change of the content and character of public policy because of distribution of modern information technologies. The author includes of some functions of traditional media, and also necessity of formation of qualitatively new forms of socio-political interaction at the basis of horizontal network communications on the list of such problems. According to the author, Public Policy Online became today an objective reality, and thus demands respectful attention of the basic participants of modern political process. Formation of political resonance is an important element of modern Online-publicity and creates essentially new possibilities for the state's policy-making of in modern conditions. ; В статье автором рассматриваются проблемы изменения содержания и характера публичной политики вследствие распространения современных информационных технологий. В число таких проблем автор включает исчерпание ряда функций традиционных медиа, а также необходимость формирования качественно новых форм социально-политического взаимодействия на базе горизонтальных сетевых связей. По мнению автора, публичная политика Online стала сегодня объективной реальностью и требует к себе соответствующего внимания основных участников современного политического процесса. Формирование политических резонансов является важным элементом современной Online-публичности и создает принципиально новые возможности для формирования политики государства в современных условиях.

Актуальность статьи подтверждается тем, что процесс модернизации системы образования непрерывен, вследствие этого требования к уровню профессионального развития педагога возрастают. Современный педагог должен знать современные образовательные тренды, совершенствовать свой педагогический инструментарий и внедрять его в учебный процесс. Постоянное развитие педагога, таким образом, становится частью его профессиональной деятельности, и возникает необходимость поддержки педагога на этом пути под руководством опытного наставника - тьютора. Формирование систем повышения квалификации педагогов в онлайн-среде особенно актуально сейчас, в условиях пандемии - появляется необходимость в преподавателях новой формации.Цель данной статьи - выявить наиболее эффективные инструменты взаимодействия между тьютором и сопровождаемым педагогом в режиме онлайн. На основе изучения специальной научной литературы и с учетом международных практик тьюторинга автором статьи делается вывод о взаимосвязи между выбранными инструментами онлайн-сопровождения и эффективностью профессионального развития педагога. На основании анкетирования группы педагогов высшей школы эмпирически выявлены наиболее эффективные инструменты тьюторского сопровождения профессионального развития педагога. Статья предназначена для педагогов-исследователей, руководителей образовательных организаций высшего профессионального и дополнительного образования.
The relevance of the article is confirmed by the fact that the process of modernization of the education system is continuous, as a result, the demands for professional development of the teacher are rising. A modern teacher should know modern educational trends, improve pedagogical tools and introduce them into the educational process. Thus, the continuous development of the teacher becomes a part of professional activity and demands tutoring support.The formation of systems for advanced training of teachers in the online environment is particularly important now, in the context of a pandemic. Teachers of a new formation are needed.The purpose of this article is to identify the most effective tools for interaction between a tutor and an accompanied teacher online.Based on the study of special scientific literature and taking into account the international practice of tutoring, the author of the article concludes about the interaction between the selected online support tools and the effectiveness of the teacher's professional development. Based on a questionnaire survey of a group of higher school teachers, the most effective tools for tutoring the professional development of a teacher have been empirically identified.

The topic of the work is of scientific and practical relevance, as there is a need to find ways to overcome the barriers to the effective functioning of online education during the global coronavirus pandemic. Russian higher education was faced with the need to suddenly change the principles of its work and transfer the vast majority of classes to an online format, which turned out to be associated with many practical problems that did not allow online education to function productively. As part of this work, an attempt is made to evaluate the rich experience of Western higher education in the application of online technologies and develop recommendations for the implementation of some effective solutions in the Russian social reality. The main research method is the analysis of documents and scientific publications. The following problems observed both in Russian and Western higher education were identified: digital divide, digital literacy, class lag, alienation from the educational process, virtualization of educational space, asynchronous communication and the inadequacy of coursework. The above problems create obstacles and barriers that do not allow Russian online education to function in full force, and require serious work to optimize the educational process. A recommendation was made to abandon non-contact online learning, the development of materials to improve the digital literacy of the teaching staff, as well as the need to unify the educational online space and create a Russian digital platform that will accumulate all the classes of state universities

В статье рассматривается развитие сетевых СМИ и сформированный по отношению к ним политический режим цензуры и контроля в современном Таджикистане. Анализируются механизмы политического режима цензуры и контроля над информационным пространством, выявляются методы их контроля над сетевыми СМИ. Исследование ситуации, сложившейся в информационном поле Таджикистана, позволяет автору сделать вывод о том, что появление сетевых СМИ в стране значительным образом способствовало формированию новой модели коммуникации между властью и обществом, однако вместе с тем изменились и механизмы реализации политического режима цензуры и контроля над медийными ресурсами. Эффекты этого контроля отражаются в самоцензуре и политкорректности у пользователей как традиционных СМИ, присутствующих в Интернете, так и СМИ, непосредственно выходящих в сетевой среде. Создавая формат поведения СМИ, политический режим цензуры и контроля выступает залогом информационной безопасности, но при этом данная стратегия не исключает применения коммуникационных интернет-технологий в системе политического управления в стране.

This article's topic is the analysis of the family influence on the choice of such an educational route for children as studying at an online school. The relevance of the research is connected with the development of online education in Russia and around the world, the digitalization of the educational sphere. The main attention is paid to the position of the older generation of the family — the grandparents of students — to the admission of grandchildren to online schools. Other research goals are the advantages and disadvantages of online education, the participation of the older generation in the implementation of the educational route for children in online schools, the Internet forum as a method of digital empirical sociology.
There was an examination of statements of the participants of the Internet forum, where representatives of the older generation of the family, who chose online education for children, discussed a new educational format. The authors have developed a classification of thematic leitmotives of that conversation. Structuring of texts was carried out with the help of Russian specialized computer programs.
It was found out that grandparents of online school students evaluate their grandchildren's education in two ways: a mixed position prevails, in which informants look for the pros and cons of education. It was discovered that the older generation is actively involved in the implementation of the educational route of grandchildren studying in online schools. The most popular leitmotives on the Internet forum were the comfort of learning, free time, improved health of children and an opportunity to prepare qualitatively for final exams. The least significant topics are replenishment of cultural capital and communication.
The methodological analysis of the Internet forum as a method of collecting and analyzing sociological information is conducted. The empirical approach simplifies access to informants and the field stage of the study. The main problem was the complexity and ambiguity of the classification of the content of unstructured texts received on the Internet forum.
The results of the project can be applied in different areas of social policy. Recommendations have been prepared for the federal program "Digital Economy in the Russian Federation" (2019–2024). In addition, it is important to provide families who have chosen online education for their children (through NGOs, mass media, publications in scientific publications) with up-to-date information. Practical effect for the sociology of culture, sociology of education, sociology of the family is the methodological justification and approbation of digital empirical methods. An additional scope of application of the results is training courses for students of sociological specialties.