Optimization of the method for the synthesis of methylated poly-5-vinyltetrazole was carried out and it was shown that the process of its preparation, both with the homopolymer acrylonitrile and the commercially available copolymer with methyl acrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, as starting materials, can be carried out in a single-step apparatus without intermediate release of poly-5-vinyltetrazole. At the same time, the resulting product is identical in composition, structure, and properties to that obtained using a two-stage process. Ability to refuse intermediate release of poly-5-vinyltetrazole allows to reduce the amount of dimethylformamide required for the preparation of methylated poly-5-vinyltetrazole twice, exclude the use of HCl solution from the process, and significantly reduce the time and energy costs of the process.
This article analyzes the transformation process of ideas about the functionality and the social content of the open clothing market of a large "post-Soviet" Siberian city in urban narratives by the example of Shanhajka, the Irkutsk open market. Based on material from 60 semi-structured interviews, described are the functions that are assigned to the market depending on the period in question, the idea of its typical groups and their role in the city's daily life. It is hypothesized that the market space per se is a marker showing the borderline state of the "post-Soviet" city as a whole. Being one of the urban mobility concentration points, the open market responds primarily to any significant changes in the urban environment. The question is whether it is correct to consider the open market to be an adaptation mechanism of the population of "post-Soviet" cities to the situation of social chaos, as a space where "guerrilla" adaptation tactics of citizens to the rapidly changing city are acceptable. This article also describes such a category as "ethnic markers", as well as its role and significance in the context of an open market. I. Hoffmann's dramaturgical metaphor, M. De Serto's "strategies-tactics" dichotomy and E. Laclo's and S. Muff's approach to the analysis of discourse are used as ideas for researching the open market in urban narratives. The open market is regarded as an "unstable sign", the meaning and connotations of which are transformed over time, depending on the social context and the period cited by the respondent
Rapid technological growth, social and demographic changes in the world have led to the emergence of new requirements for education. Traditional institutions involving face-to-face learning cannot fully meet the needs of a growing number of students. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), which are available to any student, regardless of their social status and where they live, have become a new tool in distance education. MOOC solve the problem of increasing student mobility and increasing inclusiveness in society. This mechanism can become both a complement to traditional forms of education and their direct competitor.
The research focuses onidentifying the mechanisms of forming and conditions of development of the local political modes. The theoretical basis of the work arethe key points of Clarence Stone's conception on political regime formation in urban communities. The author suggestintroducing the concepts of «coalitions of coordinations» and «coalitions of controls» to show the dynamics of transition between different types of modes, their dependence on the «centre – periphery» relations and the corresponding volume of capitals. Political history of a large industrial centre is examined as the empiric base for verification of the research hypothesis. ; Наше исследование ставит своей целью выявление механизмов формирования и условий развития локальных политических режимов. Теоретической основой работы выступают ключевые положения концепции становления режимной политики в городских сообществах американского исследователя Кларенса Стоуна. Предлагается через введение концептов «коалиции координации» и «коалиции контроля» показать динамику перехода между различными типами режимов, их обусловленность отношениями «центр – периферия» и соответствующими объемами капиталов. В качестве предлагаемой эмпирической базы для проверки пилотажной гипотезы исследования рассматривается политическая история крупного индустриального центра.
This article reviews the problems of critical mind's formation of students, studying "the philosophy's fundamentals" discipline. Integrated description of professional competencies given for young experts. Practical application of technology's basic model of critical mind's developing on philosophy's lessons, which can be used in the teacher's work, is given special emphasis. Author concludes what critical orientation in the work should become the basis for philosophy's teaching methods of young generation.
В монографии даётся социально-философский анализ социального контроля в качестве инструмента социального управления. Автор рассматривает экономику, управление, право, политическую деятельность, образование, религию и культуру в качестве инструментов социального контроля элиты над обществом. Методологической основой работы является противопоставление общества и социальных институтов в качестве антагонистов, единство и борьба которых определяет процесс любого социального развития.
Purpose. The aim of this work is to develop a comprehensive methodology of environmental express audit with a proper account for the specifics of checked objects. Using this technique makes it possible to determine in short time how the economic and production activities of the facility being checked meet environmental legislation.Methodology. The technique consists in the creation and use of special questionnaires containing test questions on all major environmental aspects of the audit facilities that have impacts on the environment. The developed methodology of express audit that specifies the standard methodology in the framework of the law of Ukraine "On environmental audit" is designed to assess the degree of environmental safety of various sites of industry, transport, agriculture, and cities. The questionnaires are based on the cluster principle, which allows adapting the universal questionnaire to the characteristics of different objects, adding a group of questions related to specific characteristics of objects under audit. The methodology determines the manner and form of the auditor interaction with representatives of the enterprise during audit.Findings. The stages of environmental audit are justified, and the structures of relevant questionnaires are developed for collection and analysis of information, identification of discrepancies of the activities at the objects under audit with environmental legislation, and reporting. The advantages inherent to this methodology compared with the standard approach are analysed based on practical experience.Originality. The structure and the content of questionnaires for environmental express audit, in particular, the all-purpose questionnaire, have been developed. The developed question lists with additional special questionnaires and adaptation of a number of questions can be applied to the analysis of environmental activities on a variety of hazardous sites.Practical value. Practical application of this methodology with the participation of the author in ...
Цель исследования: определить ключевые направления совершенствования методов оценки и управления нематериальными ресурсами на основе разработки алгоритма действий и выявлении особенностей указанного вида ресурсов.Теоретическую и методологическую базу исследования составили фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, нормативные материалы, результаты диссертационных исследований, монографии. В качестве методов исследования автор применил: логический и экономический анализ, экспертный метод, обобщение, сравнение и сопоставление, наблюдение. Автор подошел к изучению интеллектуальных ресурсов с позиции системного подхода, с целью многопланового изучения условий, особенностей использования, оценки и управления интеллектуальными ресурсами.Научная значимость: были определены: Проблемы оценки интеллектуальных ресурсов, специфические особенности нематериальных активов, преимущества для бизнеса в случае эффективного управления и достоверной оценки интеллектуальных активов, подходы к оценке нематериальных ресурсов.Практическая значимость заключается в разработке автором контура комплекса мероприятий по совершенствованию процесса оценки и управления интеллектуальными ресурсами предпринимательства.Выводы: автор сделал попытку разработать алгоритм действий для совершенствования процесса управления нематериальными активами и их оценки. Учитывая сложность объекта, явно следует вывод о необходимости выявления его специфических особенностей, к которым автор относит: персонифицированность, уникальность происхождения, подвижность, быстрая потеря актуальности, невозможность установления конкретно-определенных потенциальных преимуществ (неосязаемость) при его использовании, необходимость интенсивного обмена с внешней средой для приращения и качественного улучшения, стратегический характер инвестиционных вложений, сильная зависимость и влияние сферы науки и образования и т.д.Разработанные рекомендации несколько расширяют концептуальные основы оценки и управления нематериальными ресурсами как драйвера развития компании и ключевого фактора, определяющего не только стоимость, но даже сам факт существования субъекта хозяйствования, повышая качество управления этими активами и способствуя увеличению конкурентоспособности и прибыльности предприятия, что, кстати, невозможно без дополнительного осмысленного государственного правового регулирования и продуманной политики на субфедеральном уровне. ; The purpose of the study – to identify key areas for impro-vement methods of assessment and management of intangible resources based on algorithm development activities and identify the characteristics of this type of resources.The theoretical and methodological basis of research was made fundamental works of domestic and foreign researchers, regulatory materials, the results of dissertation research monograph. As the author of the research methods applied: logical and economic analysis, expert method, generalization, compare and contrast, observation. The author came to the study of intellectual resources from the perspective of systemic approach to a multi-faceted learning environment, usage, evaluation and management of intellectual resources.The scientific importance: the definition: Problems of asses-sment of intellectual resources, the specific features of intangible assets, the business benefits in the event of good governance and reliable evaluation of intellectual assets, the approaches to the valuation of intangible resources.The practical importance is the development of the author circuit package of measures to improve the assessment and management of intellectual resources of entrepreneurship.Conclusions: The author made an attempt to develop an algorithm of actions for improving the management of intan-gible assets and their valuation. Given the complexity of the object, clearly leads to the conclusion about the need to identify its specific characteristics, to which the author includes: personification, the uniqueness of origin, mobility, rapid loss of relevance, inability to establish a concrete definition of the potential benefits ( intangibility ) when it is used, the need for an intensive exchange with the environment for the increase and quality improvement, strategic investments, strong dependence and impact of science and education, etc.The recommendation is somewhat broaden the conceptual framework for the assessment and management of intangible resources as a driver of development and a key factor that determines not only the cost, but even the very existence of a business entity, improving the quality of these asset mana-gement and helping to increase the competitiveness and profitability of the enterprise, which, incidentally, can not be without meaningful government regulation and sound policies at the subnational level.
The article, addressed to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of modern corporate management, but above all — University teachers, graduate students and students, identifies and comments on existing approaches to the definition of corporate leadership. The result of the study is the author's classification of the world's leading companies in the automotive, pharmaceutical and oil and gas industries.
The article proves the relevance of the application of methods of decision-making on the basis of economic-mathematical modeling. It is shown, that application of economic and mathematical methods allows to considerably enhance the quality of strategic, tactical and current planning, to receive the additional effect without the involvement in the process of additional resources
In the article are considered and analyzed used in some commercial written and oral advertising of goods and services techniques suggestion, based on the theory of psychoanalysis, introduced into scientific use by Sigmund Freud.
Introduction. The article proposes a method of theoretical research on state policy in the scientific field by highlighting economic, legal and administrative aspects in its structure and using the well-known theoretical models of economics, law and politics to analyze specific documents and identify theoretical problems that require special study. The essence of the proposed changes in the methods of analysis is that, while at present the economic and legal aspects are considered instruments subordinate to the political objective, in the future it will be necessary to optimize these policy elements based on the developed theoretical apparatus in these areas and build state policy as a system of coordinated solutions in various aspects. Methods. An effective state policy is possible only on the condition of harmonious use of the methods inherent in each of the abovementioned areas of science. In the field of science management, the use of the economic theory of externalities (external effects) and institutional theory (optimization conditions) is especially relevant. At present, in Russia, the state policy in the scientific field is formed centrally in subordination to objectives that are also formed by political authorities. For this reason, the advantage of the three components of politics (management, economics and law) is, of course, given to management. The term management is introduced to distinguish between politics as a whole and politics as a complex of administrative measures. Results and Discussion. The study of management methods in terms and concepts of political science reveals the structure of political subjects and their hierarchy. The fulfillment of the goal-setting function and the dependence of its implementation on the prevailing structure of policy subjects were tracked in the greatest detail. It is shown that the insufficient presence of scientific organizations in the system of political subjects leads to the focus of the goals of state programs on the state apparatus as executors and ...
The authors discovered and investigated new types of stable heterometallic carboxylate complexes in which divalent transition metal atoms of the 4th period of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) combine with atoms of lithium, magnesium, calcium or rare earth elements. These polynuclear heterometallic compounds retain their structure under conditions when the homometallic compounds of these transition metals decompose to mononuclear complexes. The different metals combination in one molecule allows us to use the obtained heterometallic compounds for producing disperse and film oxide materials, and bimetallic oxide catalysts. The stability of the complexes allows to immobilize them in various matrices and to assemble 3D polymer structures on their base. Since the metal ions under consideration (V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) are capable to form isostructural heterometallic compounds, it becomes possible to obtain compounds within a single structural type with a given combination of physical properties, determined by the nature of the metal ions.
The article is devoted to the problem of an eficiency evaluation of government budget appropriations, directed to support small innovative entrepreneurship in Russia, which is a basic element of national innovative system. The small enterprises created in the late eighties of the XX century on base of research institutions and the higher education organisations, have used in the activities ready-made scientiic and technical developments of the founders. During the formation of small business support infrastructure in Russia, there was "the second wave" of creation of small enterprises, which were reoriented on carrying out independent researches and developments. However, despite the efforts being made by the government, their quantity has remained at extremely low level. The detailed analysis of inancial instruments of state support has allowed to reveal the problems that reduce eficiency of the small innovative entrepreneurship in Russia: 1) tools are addressed to all small business without speciics of innovative activities; 2) state support of the small innovative enterprises has no system character and is limited to separate actions; 3) there are no single criteria for evaluation of eficiency of the state support. Relevance and the practical importance of a subject of research have deined its purpose and tasks. The research purpose consists in eficiency increase of the small innovative enterprises state support; inancial mechanisms of state support are the object of research. Results of research include: 1) classiication of the small innovative enterprises according to their place and value in an innovative cycle; 2) differentiated approach to an eficiency evaluation of the small innovative enterprises state support depending on type of entrepreneurial behavior; 3) criteria for evaluation of eficiency of the small innovative enterprises state support correlated to the principles underlain in a basis of the differentiated approach; 4) system of evaluation criteria ranging according to entrepreneurial behavior ...
