The Opium War
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Band 50, Heft 3, S. 493
ISSN: 1715-3379
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In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Band 50, Heft 3, S. 493
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: China report: a journal of East Asian studies = Zhong guo shu yi, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 94-99
ISSN: 0973-063X
In: Ethnos, Band 40, Heft 1-4, S. 153-168
ISSN: 1469-588X
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Band 39, Heft 3/4, S. 393
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: Military Affairs, Band 41, Heft 3, S. 162
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Band 49, Heft 2, S. 338
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: Journal of drug issues: JDI, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 73-74
ISSN: 1945-1369
In: Journal of drug issues: JDI, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 73-73
ISSN: 1945-1369
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 185
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: The Indian economic and social history review: IESHR, Band 19, Heft 3-4, S. 365-376
ISSN: 0973-0893
In: Critique: journal of socialist theory, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 151-153
ISSN: 1748-8605
In: Monthly Review, Band 25, Heft 5, S. 58
ISSN: 0027-0520
In: Journal of Southeast Asian History, Band 7, Heft 2, S. 93-99
This paper examines three aspects of the Opium trade in Szechwan from 1881, when for the first time there is evidence that China consumed as much native as foreign opium and that Szechwan was both the largest producer and consumer, until 1911, when the cultivation of the poppy was completely suppressed in the province as a result of the vigorous imperial campaign against the trade. It will consider first, the demand for opium who smoked it and why; second, the production of opium, how it fitted into and contributed toward the economy of the province; finally, the character of the suppression campaign of 1906–1911 as it affected Szechwan will be considered. The conclusions of the paper may be summarised as follows. (1) While the expansion of the opium habit in Szechwan, as in the rest of China, had no one cause, in Szechwan it has for its background a prospering society whose values and accepted goals had not kept pace with its economic expansion, a society which provided increasing wealth and leisure on the one hand, but only limited opportunities for socially approved spending on the other. (2) The rapid expansion of opium production in late nineteenth century Szechwan was part of the development of a market economy both within the province and in its relations with the rest of China. (3) The opium suppression campaign, because it undermined a developing economy, was much less popular in Western China than it was in the east, and contributed to the widespread unrest in those parts, which in turn led to the revolution of 1911.
In: African and Asian Studies, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 259-267
ISSN: 1569-2108
In: Journal of Asian and African studies: JAAS, Band 12, Heft 1-4, S. 259-267
ISSN: 1745-2538