Suchergebnisse

The aim of this paper is to present the status, role, and the potential for political action of the President of the Republic of Poland analysed through the prism of the concept of the political entrepreneur. I make a diagnosis of the president's political resources and their potential for the realisation political goals – his formation and his own. The resources of the President can be considered in two categories, i.e. permanent and labile. They are concentrated around the prerogatives held, the political environment, the political capital of the office, and the opportunity structure.

One of the foreign policy priorities of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia is to support the Eastern Partnership (EaP) programme as a strategic dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy and a key element of stability and economic progress in Eastern Europe. The Baltic States are of the opinion that relations with the EaP states should remain one of the priorities of the Eastern Dimension of the EU's foreign policy. The cooperation of the Baltic States with the Eastern partners results both from the ambitions and willingness to strengthen international prestige and role, as well as the need to ensure security and stability of the region in the context of Russia's aggressive policy. The 10th anniversary of EaP is an opportunity to assess the contribution of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to the development of the programme and to discuss the future of cooperation.

The subject of the analysis is the idea of internal trainers in the civil service (government administration offices). I consider an internal trainer as a civil service employee who, beyond his/her own basic scope of responsibilities, teaches others in the subjects he/she majors. In the research I use the perspective of knowledge and human resources management. The main reference point is the AMO paradigm, which determines the conditions of people management effectiveness. In line with it, effective employees (trainers in this case) are able (prepared for their role), motivated (intrinsically or extrinsically) and institutionally given the opportunity to act. In the article, I present the actions which the administration can undertake in each of these areas. I also analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the idea of internal trainers and refer to its criteria of success. Against this background I present a case study - the functioning of the group of internal trainers at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister.

Selfie in digital media platforms – targeted marketing communication
Abstract
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of selfie, its popularity, relationships with selfperception and ego-ontogenesis but in particular it is an opportunity to focus on the target group within marketing communication. The goal was to find out if there are correlations between personal factors (namely factors H: Social Boldness, N: Privateness, IM: Impression Management) and some content elements and the structure of selfies published on social networks amongst the youth. We used analysis of the content of selfies and 16 PF questionnaire (Cattell et al. 1997a, b). Statistical analysis of the data showed, that some structural elements of selfie (e.g. head position and tilt, composition of the shot) differentiate between varying degrees of the tested factors of the personality of respondents, other structural elements of selfie (e.g. type of eye contact, position of chin, etc.) do not. At the same time the implications will be proposed for use of the statements for planning and accurate targeting of marketing communication.

There is a significant regulation concerning spa-towns and/or health resorts in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Slovakia. In federal states (i.e. in Austria and Germany), this regulation is adopted at the federal and länder (i.e. regional) level, yet the latter one is definitely more intensive. The spa-related regulation in each state considered is meant to provide public warranty as to the quality of natural features of spa-towns or health resorts. In the same time, this regulation sets significant constraints with regard to the choice of development patterns available to spas. The resulting opportunity cost can, however, be covered by price premia chargeable in spas and by special taxes levied only in spas. The tax income arising from them, however, is earmarked as it can be designated for improvements of spa-related features and functions of a given town or site. In the countries considered, there is no specifically designed subvention scheme which could be used only by spa-towns or health resorts.

Normative concept of The Social-Economic order proposed by Wilhelm Röpke allows for the valuation of the modern shape of Capitalism. In the introduction the author has attempted to show the actual problems faced by current Public Policy such as reinstatement of the socially accepted order of freedom during era of oligopolistic-corporate-finance oriented capitalism, fight against asymmetric distribution of wealth and management of sustainable Immigration Policy. Wilhelm Röpke was a member of a group called "Ordo liberals". According to the Ortoliberals the public policy needs to allow most possible freedoms to all citizens (including economic free market freedoms). At the same time, the Ortoliberals want to be active in preparing the Public Policy which would prepare a platform for effective economy, fair justice system and equal opportunity for all members of society. According to Ortoliberalism, administrative actions need to follow the principle of subsidiarity. The Public Policy must also ensure social justice and protection of dignity for the whole population, as expected in the society governed by Social Solidarity.

Disability is one of the features that differentiate individuals and groups in modern societies. People with reduced physical, cognitive and psychological efficiency are particularly exposed to discrimination and social, economic and political exclusion. What's important social issue of people with disabilities in the early 21st century changes by entering into a relationship with the ageing of the population. Article aims to introduce some theoretical concepts efforts to improve the image of disability and reduce the barriers faced by persons with disabilities in access to different kinds of resources, spaces and opportunities. A critical analysis of the literature includes: description of the concept of activation policy as well as principles and objectives of social policy in a holistic paradigm of normalization. This summary contains possible future directions of research and analysis.

This article presents the main areas of Turkey's relations with Russia and Ukraine, as well as Ankara's policy implemented in the context of the Russian- Ukrainian conflict. The aim of the analysis is to show the role of Turkey in the war between Ukraine and Russia, as well as to indicate the most important opportunities and threats that result from it for this state. The research process uses a descriptive-explanatory approach to help answer the following questions: How are Turkish-Russian and Turkish-Ukrainian relations shaped? What influences Turkey's policy and its attitude towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict? What is the role of Turkey in the Russian-Ukrainian crisis? What opportunities and threats does the war in Ukraine bring for Turkey? The main research hypothesis is that Turkey's actions taken in the context of the Russian- Ukrainian conflict are a balancing act typical of this state and they are based on two main assumptions – diplomacy to strengthen security and Turkey's position in the region, and an integrated and multidimensional foreign policy that gives the opportunity to implement important role in matters of global importance.

The collapse of the Soviet Union was a momentous event for the entire world, but it was Soviet citizens for whom it was of the greatest importance. The fall of the USSR changed the geopolitical and economic map of the world and led to the emergence of fifteen new states. An independent Ukraine has become a significant component of this new geopolitical reality. The dissolution of the USSR gave the citizens of Ukraine a chance to build a sovereign state, consistent with the national interest, the state which could independently pursue its strategic goals in the area of domestic and foreign policy. Thirty years have passed since those events, which is a long enough time period to analyse changes made and to define how Ukraine has taken advantage of its historic opportunity. This paper examines the political and economic transformation of Ukraine, as well as the evolution of its foreign policy. The article also questions whether it is appropriate to compare the post-communist development of Ukraine to certain Central European countries. It also highlights the current attitude of the Ukrainian society towards the collapse of the USSR and to the Soviet past of this country.

The article aims to analyse the impact of historical memory on foreign and security policy using the example of the Serbia – Kosovo relations in the period of 2014-2019. Historical memory is a burden, challenge and opportunity for foreign and security policy, and has a considerable impact on bilateral relations between countries which used to be in conflict. Historical memory generates numerous research questions – who is the architect of memory? what are the actors? what are the mechanisms, tools and instruments of its creation? how is it used to maintain power and what are its effects? – to name but a few. In the example analysed, leaders use historical memory to create separate identities and gain power, whereas NGOs do it to commemorate victims. Historical memory is present in celebrating important dates, historical places, monuments and events, and creating national heroes. It also draws attention to the stereotypes in school textbooks and to transitional justice. The most important space for historical memory in the analysis is Kosovo and the role of an international organisation – the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Historical memory has an important function in the process of regional reconciliation, which is an essential condition for cooperation and security in the Western Balkans.

The central concern of this paper is the growing influx of Russian migrants to the Czech Republic and the consequences for political and social order. With nearly 40,000 migrants, Russians are the fourth biggest foreign community in Czechia. Due to their material status, the history of bilateral relations, and the significant role of their homeland in Czech politics, the growing Russian community poses a problem for Czech society. The fear of Russian dominance – in political as well as economical dimensions – as well as resentment about the communistic era, is still present among Czech people. Although most Russians come to Czech to study or to do business and are not engaged in political activity, relations between migrants and the host society can be strained. Mutual prejudices make themselves felt in moments of the political crisis between two countries, such as the recent row over Soviet monuments in Prague. However, this doesn't necessarily mean that the Russian community could easily become a tool for Kremlin propaganda. Russians appreciate the opportunity to live in a rich, liberal and democratic society and even though they keep strong emotional ties with their homeland they are not keen to affirm all of Moscow's deeds.

House of social welfare is a place, people live in which from different respects in families strip capability of life. Determination of house of social equipment functioned as a closed total institution in sociology , which is place of stay of number of certain person isolated on longest period from the rest of society. Each self-governed unit leading stationary institution of social welfare should process program of serviceman of gradual liquidation or limitation of meaning of physical barrier and symbolic barrier on direct enclosing this institution.

The occurrence of various types of security and public order threats in the city implies the need for quick access to information. This, in turn, impacts both the objectives and means of implementing security policies not only on a macro-scale, but above all on a micro-scale - within municipalities, cities, neighbourhoods or settlements, i.e. in the im-mediate surroundings of residents. The prevention of such public problems as crime and delinquency undoubtedly requires the involvement not only of the state and its bodies but also of society, which is one of the basic premises of the community policing strategy. On the other hand, the introduction of modern solutions to improve the quality of life of res-idents is the basis of concepts such as smart city or resilient city. A tool that combines elements of the concepts mentioned above is the so-called "participatory crime maps," which provide residents not only with statistical data but also with the opportunity to inform each other about the dangers in their neighbourhood, which in turn is supposed to lead to a strengthening of social bonds. Hazard mapping also allows for better identification of existing problems and multi-stakeholder cooperation in combating them. This article attempts to answer the question: "how can a mobile application SafeTy be used to improve safety in the local environment?"

The author addresses the issue of ethno-business, which has been largely unresearched to date. In the approach proposed by the author, ethnobusiness is understood as a wide range of practices and behaviours related to the deliberate use of existing regulations going beyond the intentions of legislators that guarantee cultural and political privileges for national and ethnic minorities. Various activists and leaders gathered around ethnic organizations and co-creators of the discussed phenomenon most often pursue their private material or political interests. However, ethno-business is closely linked to the established Romanian legislation on national minorities. Thus, the author investigates the roots of this phenomenon, introducing readers to the regulations on minorities in Romania, and points to the social consequences of ethno-business. The analysis of the discussed problem is supplemented and illustrated by examples of specific behaviours observed by the author during his long-term and extensive ethnographic field research carried out on the Romanian-Ukrainian borderland between 2009 and 2010. Although this research project focused on aspects of ethnic and national identity among the Slavic-speaking community of the Maramures region, it also gave an opportunity to spot a number of behaviours that can be interpreted in the context of ethno-business. The ethnographic examples given in the article show how the policies related to the protection of national minorities in Romania can be exploited in various circumstances by different individuals who have relevant knowledge of the rights of national minorities.