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It is determined that the existence of a developed transport and logistics infrastructure is one of the defining dominants of the effective functioning of the transport and logistics system at the regional, national and international level, provides effective supply, marketing, production and social communications between the subjects of economic activity.
It is proved that the main directions of state policy implementation in the field of transport and logistics are: directions of innovative development of transport and logistics technologies on energy-saving and environmentally safe principles; construction of efficient economic systems in accordance with the principles of logistics and marketing; development of strategic planning; improvement of regulatory policy.
Institutional, organizational and economic mechanisms for ensuring the effective development of national transport and logistics systems have been researched and systematized, among which the following have been identified as priorities: the development of public-private partnerships and decentralization reform, which will solve the problems of financing infrastructure development, the formation of multi-branch integration structures (transport-logistics clusters, transport hubs and logistics-outsourcing platforms), which will improve the quality of transport and logistics services, intensification of the integration processes of the transport and logistics system in the international transport of the network, which will increase the competitiveness of the national economy, increase in productivity of transit potential and attraction of foreign investments in the development of the industry.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for assessing property objects of railway transport enterprises in modern conditions of development of the domestic economy. It is proposed to adhere to such basic principles when assessing the property of railway transport enterprises: utility, supply and demand, substitution, expectation, marginal contribution performance, most efficient use, additional effect, multiple approaches and diversity. The methodological approaches and property valuation methods used in the valuation of property of railway transport enterprises are analyzed in detail. It has been established that the organizational and economic mechanism for assessing property objects of railway transport in order to form the authorized capital of JSC "Ukrainian railways" includes a set of organizational and economic elements that generally provide a complete algorithm for the implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism for evaluating property objects of the joint stock company "Ukrainian railways" and consists of the following blocks: information support, organizational support and calculation and methodological support. The study of the organizational and economic mechanism for evaluating the property of railway transport enterprises from the perspective of an integrated approach allows us to present it as an integrated system, which is formed from a combination of interconnected elements. In addition, an algorithm for the implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism for assessing property objects with the aim of forming the authorized capital of the company is proposed.

Problem. Despite the significant increase in the area of organic land in Ukraine, the vast majority of these areas are occupied by arable crops. Thus, 48.1% of all organic lands are occupied by cereals, more than 16% are oilseeds; 4.6% - legumes; 2% - vegetables, 0.6% - fruits. Of the 485 domestic entrepreneurs who received an organic certificate, only 15 entrepreneurs or 3% of their total number produce livestock products.Purpose of the article is a theoretical and methodological justification of the organizational and economic mechanism of organic livestock products production and consumption development in Ukraine.Results. The logical chain of concepts "mechanism" - "economic mechanism" - "organizational and economic mechanism" - "organizational and economic of organic livestock products production and consumption development" is substantiated, and also author's interpretations of these concepts are offered. The principles of formation and improvement of organizational and economic mechanism (EOM) of organic livestock products production and consumption development are defined: unity of economic, social and ecological goals, neoprotectionism, and sufficiency of grounds for state intervention and efficiency, equivalence and proportionality, efficiency. The conceptual scheme of OEM development of organic production and consumption of livestock products is offered, which combines the purpose and tasks, factors and preconditions, priorities of formation, as well as tools, measures and expected results of OEM implementation. The existing disparities in the development of the domestic organic sector (in the direction of priority development of organic crop production) are indicated. The tools of direct and indirect state support for the production of organic livestock products are substantiated. A number of measures and tools have been developed to stimulate demand for organic livestock products, as well as to expand their exports.Originality. For the first time, the theoretical foundations of the study of the impact of organizational and economic support for the organic livestock products production and consumption development on the formation of value added within the country, as well as the growth of intellectual potential of the nation. Theoretical principles serve as an effective tool for understanding the priority of creating added value in animal husbandry, the direct dependence of the nation's health and the growth of its intellectual potential on the processes of consuming food rich in essential animal proteins. Mechanisms for stimulating demand for organic livestock products and mechanisms for stimulating its exports have been improved. Their implementation will increase the capacity of the domestic market of organic livestock products, increase the competitiveness of domestic products, accelerate the process of conquering new markets, improve the structure of domestic exports and expand its range.Conclusions. Given the actual absence of PDO / PGI / TSG certification systems for livestock products in Ukraine, given the duration of the relevant legislation and its implementation, there is no reason to predict the growth of production and consumption of these products in the medium term. Accordingly, high-quality livestock products will be associated primarily with organic products. Author's measures and tools provide a direct link between state support for the livestock industry and ensuring the quality of livestock products. To increase the availability of organic products to the average consumer, to curb the social stratification of society, it is proposed to reduce the VAT rate to 7% on the main types of organic livestock products. This will achieve a number of goals: first, to provide healthy food to a significant proportion of the population, and secondly, increase the efficiency of organic livestock production and competitiveness of these products, which will strengthen the position of domestic producers of organic products in domestic and foreign markets, accumulate added value inland.

Pruntseva G.О. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF FOOD SECURITY IN ANCIENT TIMESPurpose. The aim of the study is to determine the basic principles of food security in ancient times and highlight the first tools of food security mechanism, which allowed for the further development of society. Methodology of research. The following methods are used in the research process, namely: analytical and historical methods to analyze the historical development of the main tools for ensuring food security. Assessment and logic are used to formulate the conclusions of the historical analysis.Findings. It is found that the problem of food security was relevant in primitive times. In ancient times, the following tools can be distinguished: warehousing and distribution of food products among all members of the community. The main characteristics of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security in ancient times are determined. The historical development of the food supply system of the population is analyzed.Originality. The main components of the food security system in ancient times are highlighted. For the first time the main tools of the food system are identified. It is proved that with the advent of the first states and the development of irrigation facilities, agricultural production became more efficient, namely: the use of agricultural technologies made it easier for people to work and increased agricultural production productivity. The development of transport infrastructure ensured the efficient exchange and trade of food products.Practical value. The author's generalizations regarding the use of food security tools by primitive and ancient civilizations are important in the modern system of economic relations since, in the absence of effective medical treatment and government support for the vulnerable groups of the population, they ensured the survival of primitive people and the development of ancient civilizations. The results of the study are the basis for improving the modern mechanism of food security and will help to formulate an effective state policy in the field of food security.Key words: food security; agricultural production; prices; products; exchange; social programs.

Relevance of the research topic. The information and knowledge flow management is an important component for regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows taking advantage of the opportunities hidden in the digital transformation of the business community and providing the transformations necessary to reorient development towards inclusive and sustainable growth. Formulation of the problem. Managing the process of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies based on effective state and collective strategies opens up opportunities for regional development, but requires the development of special decision support tools, scientific substantiation of the model of systemic transformation of the region, identification of the main stakeholders and the mechanism of their interaction. Analysis of recent research and publications. The works of such researchers as Yasheva G. A. and Fateev V. S. (Belarus), Lenchuk E. B. (Russia), Götz M. and Jankowska B. (Poland), Ciffolilli A. and Muscio A. (Italy) and others are devoted to the issues of territorial and regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mechanism of small businesses involving in the process of the necessary systemic transformation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution has not been sufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theories of regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and to propose an organizational and economic mechanism for the digital transformation of the regional business community, including the SMEs' sector. Method or methodology for conducting research. The research used the methods of analogies, analysis and synthesis, sociological survey. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article analyzes the main concepts of regional development, concludes that it is necessary to consolidate regional actors according to the 'Quadruple Helix' model based on inter-organizational information systems in order to introduce Industry 4.0 technologies. An algorithm for the development of an electronic platform from a cluster site to an information system of integrated supply chains is proposed on the example of the Novopolotsk innovative and industrial petrochemical cluster. The field of application of results. The results of the research can be used by companies providing activity in regional development and small business support, in scientific and educational institutions, in public administration. Conclusions according to the article. Networked connections between regional actors, innovation networks based on the open innovation paradigm and integrated supply chains promote region development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, this requires appropriate institutional conditions.

This article briefly looks through the measures and Presidential Decrees, which were assigned to improve the quality and services rendered. Since independence, Uzbekistan faced the challenges of maintaining the supply of drugs and vaccines, while developing and implementing its own national drug policy. The gradual development of a national drug policy resulted in a clear division of the roles of the government and private sector. The government maintained mostly regulatory functions, while production and distribution were delegated to the private sector.

This article briefly looks through the measures and Presidential Decrees, which were assigned to improve the quality and services rendered. Since independence, Uzbekistan faced the challenges of maintaining the supply of drugs and vaccines, while developing and implementing its own national drug policy. The gradual development of a national drug policy resulted in a clear division of the roles of the government and private sector. The government maintained mostly regulatory functions, while production and distribution were delegated to the private sector.

Currently, most rural areas of our country are actively stagnating. High poverty, low educational level of the population, low wages or no employment opportunities, underdeveloped infrastructure, active migration to cities — all this leads to the mass depopulation of rural areas and their shrinkage in the spatial and economic context. In this regard, it is necessary to form new approaches to the spatial development of rural areas, based on the development of alternative activities in the formation of creative centers in order to spread innovation and improve the real quality of life of the local population. The purpose of the present research is the formation and substantiation of the organizational-economic mechanism of the development of the creative centers in the rural territories. General scientific methods of research were applied.The organizational-economic mechanism of creative centers formation should provide effective infrastructural by displacing the entrenched forms of management. The attraction of creative workers to rural areas will act as an indicator of efficiency. The proposed multilevel management system of the process of formation of creative centers in rural areas is supplemented by an additional level — reflexive, in addition to the standard levels of management (strategic, tactical and operational). This level implies constant contacts between various stakeholders in real time with the possibility of adjusting the current processes. In our opinion, the only true solution to the problem of depopulation of rural areas should be to launch the process of qualitative transformation of rural areas taking into account the opinions of all stakeholders. The proposed methodological framework in the form of an organizational-economic mechanism can serve as a basis for future changes in the decision-making process of those responsible for rural development. The development of creative centers in rural areas can become a potential pole of growth of the latter and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the local population at the expense of economic diversification.

Formation of a competitive national economy in the Republic of Belarus in conditions of international economic relations should be based on a stably functioning and well-developed system of commodity markets, with food market taking a key place in their structure. One of the most important segments of the latter is the vegetable market, which is developing dynamically at the present stage, providing population with valuable food products, and industry - with raw materials for processing. At the same time, specificity of domestic vegetable market of the Republic of Belarus in the context of ensuring national food security is determined by new tasks, objectively generated by the development of modern trends in domestic and global agricultural economy. The paper substantiates theoretical foundations of the mechanism of its balanced development in the food supply system, which contain scientific approaches, conditions and factors of the internal and external market environments, as well as modern trends in the vegetable market and its main segments in foreign countries. In the context of national food security, new directions of organizational and economic mechanism for the vegetable market functioning, effective measures of economic regulation of production and sale of products based on international rules, a mechanism of marketing support for domestic producers have been developed. Scientific novelty of this development lies in application of an integrated approach to balancing the vegetable market, increasing efficiency of the subjects functioning in the value chain and ensuring competitiveness of these products in the domestic and foreign markets. These developments can be used to substantiate the priority directions for development of food markets, as well as to fulfill medium- and longterm forecasts of provision level of the population of the republic with vegetable products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program "Agricultural Technologies and Food Security" for 2021-2025, subprogram 9.7 "Economy of agro-industrial complex".