Foreign direct investment is the largest source of external funds in both developed and developing countries. Some literature explains that one of the barriers to investment flow is corruption. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of corruption as measured by the corruption perception index on foreign direct investment. Corruption is a political risk that affects the flow of foreign direct investment. The estimation results of the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) show that the corruption perception index has a significant positive effect on foreign direct investment. The author also uses market seeking and efficiency seeking variables as potential factors that influence investors to direct foreign direct investment.
This study investigates the potential horizontal and vertical spillovers from FDI towards firms' efficiency level on Indonesian manufacturing industries, using firm-level panel data. The result suggests that positive evidence of horizontal spillovers arise instantaneously, but the impacts of vertical spillovers appear a year later. These indicate that foreign competitors cause local firms more efficient in the same industry. Furthermore, after one period of time MNCs running their business in Indonesia, they bring positive impacts on downstream markets but deteriorate manufacturing industries in the upstream markets. Therefore, the Indonesian government must ensure that overall benefits from promoting FDI must overweight their negative impacts.
This study aims to examined the effect of cash flow and growth opportunity to the investment, and whether the exclusive relationship owned by the company with a government owned bank relationship moderates the effect of cash flow and growth opportunity on investment. This study used a sample of data from 101 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2017. The multiple linear regression results show that cash flow and growth opportunity have a significant positive effect on investment, the government owned bank relationship weakens the effect of cash flow on investment but strengthens growth opportunity's influence on investment. This means that if the company has an exclusive relationship with a state-owned bank, it will reduce the dependence of cash flow to invest and increase investment opportunities.
The 2007 Indonesian investment law granted national treatment for foreign investors, establishing a transparent 'negative list' for out-of-bonds investment sectors, and has been considired as a reformative regulation in Indonesia's economic strategy. However, decentralized systems give autonomy to local governments to manage their projects and infrastructure themselves. This leads into increasiig investment burdens through their opaque measures that are creating perceptions of risk for foreign investors. As a result, lack of legal certainty, inconsistent regulations and judiciary system would hamter investments. This article argues that law 25/2007 should be supported by a comprehensive investment policy to attract more foreign investors into Indonesia. A key element in establishing a competitive region is a free and open investment regime, This article addresses policy impediment to private investment in Indonesia as well as in the ASEAN region. Indonesia and ASEAN should have non-discriminatory treatment extended to foreign investors including ASEAN-based inveitors, as the establishment of ASEAN Economic community (AEC) will cornmence in 2015. Legal certainty of international business transaction by private investors is fostering investments by both direct investment and indirect investment (portfolio). Parties to investment agreements include individuals, small, medium and large multinational corporations, and countries. In this centralized global atmosphere, the Indonesian agovemment has to provide guarantees to leverage private investments.
This paper analyses the important of regional investment agreements for promoting international trade in ASEAN countries. To visualize the above idea, this work will explain the roles of regional investment agreements to serve investment, trade facilitation and to protect regional investment interests. It is argued that regional investment agreements can serve as a vehicle for dialogue, coordination on and to response regional issues including regulatory harmonization, infrastructure development, and collaboration among members to facilitate investment. The paper shows how regional agreements will commit to eliminate barriers on substantially trade and investment, create positive welfare gains, the productivity and stimulus to growth in the region. This paper also analyses the effect of the establishment of an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015 to the regional investment policies. AEC aiming at transforming ASEAN into a single market and production base with a highly competitive economic region, equitable economic development, free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer flow of capital, will likely accelerate regional integration and cooperation in the investment sectors fully integrated into the international trade. Then, this work demonstrates the implementation of regional investment cooperation into the formal instruments/agreements of investment policy architecture promoting and protecting cross border investment among nationals of ASEAN member states, such as ASEAN Investment Guarantee Agreement (IGA), the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) and ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA). However, it is realized that the ASEAN members may resist and protest against the regional investment agreements because of conflicting their national interest. The paper proposed that the regional inv stment agreements need to be strengthened by harmonization and structural adjustment due to the member's resistance and protest. This idea may spark challenge because each member has fundamental differences on the nature and character of legal and economic systems reflecting different political systems, economic and social cultures in accordance with the philosophy of life values and national interests of each country. To overcome the challenge, this paper argues that ASEAN member countries need to unilaterally and collectively come up with structuring trade and investment policy harmonization to move ahead and reap the benefits from regional investment agreement as a common tool for contesting their interest in international trade. In addition, pre agreed flexibilities to accommodate the interests of all ASEAN countries may eliminate the problem.
The main objective of WTO Law is to accommodate individual's right in order to obtain better benefit of international trade. However, when a government violates WTO Law, it is therefore causing deprivation of individual right itself. Direct effect seems to be a feasible doctrine to provide a judicial protection for individual, in order to rebalance the right that is violated. Nevertheless, this doctrine is intractable to imply. This article discuss the polemic of giving direct effect of WTO Law and DSB Decision to domestic law to provide judicial protection for individual who becomes victim of WTO violation conducted by government
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the causal link between corruption and sustainable development. The Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Human Development Index (HDI), Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) variables were used in this study. The data for this analysis were derived from secondary sources such as the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Transparency International. The stationary test, cointegration test, optimum lag test, and Granger causality test were all employed in this study. The study's findings indicate that corruption and sustainable development are causally related. Corruption and sustainable development have a two-way causative link from a socioeconomic viewpoint, a one-way causal relationship from an environmental perspective, and a one-way causation relationship between corruption and foreign direct investment. Corruption has proven to be an obstacle to the sustainable development of every country.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating impact of psychological capital and job relevant information on the budget participation to job performance at the public sector managers in the provincial government of East Java. Data analyzed using SEM-PLS. The SEM-PLS allows the examination of the direct effects of budget participation on job performance and the indirect effects between budget participation and job performance that run through psychological capital and job relevant information. The findings of this study are that psychological capital fully mediates influence of budget participation to job performance, job relevant information fully mediates influence of budget participation to job performance. Limitations of this study are using questionnaire media to obtain primary data so that it relies on the level of respondent perception so that the subjectivity factor can be contained in it. Second limitation is generalizability of samples. Despite its limitations, this study has both academic and practical implications. The study adds to the job performance literature in a public sector organizations. The study also finds that manager's job performance can be improved by minimizing Psycap and JRI. Future research should study other mediation variables on the effect of budget participation on job performance.
This study examines the impact of foreign presence in the Medium-High and High technology manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Using a balanced panel data that consists of 2,397 firms and in the year of 2010-2014, the data was estimated using the multiple regression method. The results show that there is positive spillover when local and foreign firms are in the same industry. Conversely, in different industries, negative spillover occurs in forward linkage when local firms buy the output of foreign firms and no spillover occurs in backward linkage when local firms become the suppliers of foreign firms. The Indonesian government must assure that foreign investment policies must benefit the domestic companies, considering there are some potential losses for domestic enterprises by the presence of foreign direct investment in the domestic market.
The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected. ; The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected.
This paper is a revised version and an expanded version of the paper entitled 'Shares Divestment Scheme in Indonesian Mining Law'. Several cases of ICSID are cases of shares divestment, one of them is the Freeport case that offers divestment by giving the assumption of investment if the Government extends the Freeport Operational License until 2041. It violates determination of divestment share price as the value should be based on fair market price without calculating the amount of minerals. Shares divestment execution is often hampered by the determination of divestment shares' price. The purpose of the divestment arrangement was not achieved because of the price fixing issue which causes divestment failure or causes divestment delay, and the shares that were previously for the government eventually fell on private shareholders which might be owned by foreign parties. This paper is a legal research. It is intended to formulate a shares divestment scheme in the mining sector in Indonesia based on rational choice theory and public choice theory, which is expected to give a valuable contribution to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia as well as stakeholders and can be the ontological basis for laws and policies related to the investment and mining laws in Indonesia. The approaches which are used are the conceptual, statute, case and comparative approach. The primary legal materials that are used are legislation, international conventions and court decisions, while the secondary legal materials are in the form of literature and related materials.Key words: Investment law, mining law, national interest, rational choice theory, shares divestment.
The opening of the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center is one of the policies implemented by the government to increase Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports. However, fluctuations in the value of non-oil exports make the role of the ITPC doubtful. This study aims to analyze the impact of Indonesia Trade Promotion Center as Export Promotion Agency (EPA) on the value of Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports globally, to developing countries, and developed countries from 2000 to 2018. The method used in this study is the Random Effect Model and gravity model. Estimation results show that EPA Indonesia (ITPC) has a positive and significant effect on the value of Indonesian non-oil exports in all models. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive effect and significant for global and developing countries model. GDP per capita and Free Trade Agreements have a significant positive effect on non-oil exports in all models. The geographical distance variable has a negative impact for Indonesian non-oil exports in all models, except for the developed countries model.
This study aims to know the effect of local government's characteristics, which are the local government's administrative age, the size of its investments, the number of SKPDs (working units), the educational background of the head of the local government and intergovernmental revenues, on the compliance of local government investment disclosures and compare the compliance of local government investments disclosures between local governments in Java and Sumatera. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. The study sample consists of 102 district/city governments that report the Local Government Financial Statements for Fiscal Year 2013 and have been audited by the Indonesia's Supreme Audit Board in 2014. This study uses multiple regression analysis and t-test procedure and also does the classical assumptions test including normality, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that the local government's administrative age has significant effect on the disclosure of local government investments, while the size of its investments, the number of SKPDs (working units), the educational background of the head of the local government and intergovernmental revenues have no significant effect on the disclosure of local government investments. Keywords: local government investment disclosures, local government financial statements, organizational theory, characteristics of an organization.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between political connections and overinvestment in Indonesia as a democratic, multi-party and developing country. This study uses sample of 1,044 and 543 firm-year observations from listed firms on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2017. A two-stage model is used to address overinvestment, which used two different measurements, then continued by ordinary least square regression to establish the main analysis result. This study finds that political connection is negatively associated with overinvestment in Indonesia. We also find that this negative association is increasing due to the existence of governance mechanism from both external and internal parties of the firm. Our results indicate that the significant negative associations between political connections with overinvestment, which later is strengthen by governance mechanism might be caused by several differences in institutional setting and/or political connections benefits between the previous research in China and with the place where this research is taken. This paper could give insights in decision-making for stakeholders to anticipate certain harmful issues to the companies that might be occurred by their politically connected top management like directors and commissioners.
This study aims to determine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This study will examine the reaction of foreign ownership on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the periods 2007-2010 and 2012-2015. The variables used in this study are IFRS and foreign ownership. It finds that the obligation of IFRS does not affect the development of foreign investment in Indonesia, because accounting standards in Indonesia have been adjusted to IFRS since 2008 and investment decisions are not only influenced by standard accounting policies, but also by other factors, such as the economic and political conditions of a country. This study is motivated by the results of previous studies regarding the reaction of foreign ownership of IFRS adoption, which is still controversial. Some studies suggest that IFRS adoption increases information appeal and can attract foreign investment, while other research states that IFRS adoption will not necessarily increase the number of shares held by foreign investors.
