Attracting of foreign direct investments (FDI) has becoming increasingly researched worldwide as they contribute to the economic growth of countries. The most important factors determining the choice of firms to expand internationally through FDI are: access to local resources, access to the domestic market, a high level of efficiency and strategic asset acquisition. The FDI flows of the European Union are still influenced by the global economic and financial crisis. In 2012 the FDI outflows decreased with 53 % as compared to 2011, registering their lowest level since 2004. The recovery will take longer than expected, mostly because of global economic fragility and policy uncertainty.
In the article, the cooperation between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union in the field of green entrepreneurship is considered as mutually beneficial in the light of strengthening the competitiveness of both economies. The author reveals such main domains of the cooperation as ecoagrofood, bio- and renewable energy. There are also highlighted the key programmes and projects as outcomes of governmental, communitarian, international and corporate efforts related to cooperation. A special attention is paid to the identification of some problems regarding the development of green entrepreneurship in the Republic of Moldova. For solving them as well as making the cooperation in the field more systematic and synergetically positive, the author suggests the elaboration of a joint RM-EU Strategy for the Development of Green economy and entrepreneurship.
Investment is one of the major factors determining successful development of an economy. In the long term, economic growth is achievable only fostering, strengthening and maintaining economic competitiveness on the international scale. Lithuania with its small and open economy is dependent on the successful economic ties with the European Union single market and the third countries. This Master thesis aims at identifying and assessing the impediments to investment process and providing for the measures allowing to remove the obstacles encountered when attracting direct domestic and foreign investment, and to encourage the development of the Lithuanian business and growth of the national economy. The Master thesis includes the analysis research of actions aimed at attracting direct foreign investment, allowing to conclude that Lithuania does not exploit its economic potential and is lagging behind its neighbours (in particular Estonia) according to economic indicators. It is possible to state that at the moment Lithuania has favourable conditions for investment into various areas of industry and business. However, there is a lack of motivation and appeal ensuring concrete actions to be taken. Therefore, it is essential to single out the factors, which frustrate investment and pose more or less serious problems in the opinion of investors. When examining the factors determining Lithuania's attractiveness for investment, note should be taken of the interrelation between positive and negative impacts of direct foreign investment, in particular when those impacts operate in the national economy experiencing transition from planned to market economies, as such macroeconomic processes as privatisation and increasing economic integration become important in this situation. After examining the system of measures intended to promote and attract investment, it should be highlighted that Lithuania lays plans for establishing eight industrial parks, which will offer to investors an opportunity to develop their activities. For this purpose, eight municipalities were chosen to found these industrial parks. The final pages of the paper sum up the types of state support and submit the proposals how to establish a new institution (Innovation Lithuania) with the aim to create favourable conditions for . It is assumed that such reorganisation of institutional and economic presentation abroad would uniformly and purposefully assist in achieving the common aim – to attract investment and promote export and tourism.
Investment is one of the major factors determining successful development of an economy. In the long term, economic growth is achievable only fostering, strengthening and maintaining economic competitiveness on the international scale. Lithuania with its small and open economy is dependent on the successful economic ties with the European Union single market and the third countries. This Master thesis aims at identifying and assessing the impediments to investment process and providing for the measures allowing to remove the obstacles encountered when attracting direct domestic and foreign investment, and to encourage the development of the Lithuanian business and growth of the national economy. The Master thesis includes the analysis research of actions aimed at attracting direct foreign investment, allowing to conclude that Lithuania does not exploit its economic potential and is lagging behind its neighbours (in particular Estonia) according to economic indicators. It is possible to state that at the moment Lithuania has favourable conditions for investment into various areas of industry and business. However, there is a lack of motivation and appeal ensuring concrete actions to be taken. Therefore, it is essential to single out the factors, which frustrate investment and pose more or less serious problems in the opinion of investors. When examining the factors determining Lithuania's attractiveness for investment, note should be taken of the interrelation between positive and negative impacts of direct foreign investment, in particular when those impacts operate in the national economy experiencing transition from planned to market economies, as such macroeconomic processes as privatisation and increasing economic integration become important in this situation. After examining the system of measures intended to promote and attract investment, it should be highlighted that Lithuania lays plans for establishing eight industrial parks, which will offer to investors an opportunity to develop their activities. For this purpose, eight municipalities were chosen to found these industrial parks. The final pages of the paper sum up the types of state support and submit the proposals how to establish a new institution (Innovation Lithuania) with the aim to create favourable conditions for . It is assumed that such reorganisation of institutional and economic presentation abroad would uniformly and purposefully assist in achieving the common aim – to attract investment and promote export and tourism.
Final Economic Master's thesis is relevant, because the role of foreign capital for economic development is becoming greater. Inflow of foreign capital can provide the fastest way for developing countries to acquire industrial technology for economic development. Developing countries would be lost many decades to reach that level of excellence in technology, which developed countries had already reached in middle age, if not foreign investment. The Master's objective - is to explore the possibilities and prospects for attracting foreign direct investment in Lithuania, and to make proposals to improve them. Master's paper deals with foreign direct investment in theoretical aspects, discusses the concept of foreign direct investment, forms, strategies, legal framework. Analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment to local economic development, examines the factors affecting foreign direct investment, and the reasons for the favorable investment climate to create. Based on various statistical sources: the Lithuanian Statistics Department, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and Lithuanian banks statistics, the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Lithuania was examined and compared with selected European Union countries. Conditions of promotion of foreign investments are discussed, features attractive for investors and causing doubts and concerns when undertaking risks in our country are described, attractiveness and peculiarity of Lithuania among other countries are analyzed. To sum up the investigation, the investment climate in Lithuania is favorable and it is mentioned among the most attractive countries for investments to come, but the volume of foreign investment is relatively small, their dynamics - is not constant. The work hypothesis is confirmed - the conditions and measures to attract foreign investment in Lithuania is objectively worse than in many other European Union countries. The main reasons are bureaucracy, corruption, poor labor relations and their regulation, poor business conditions for initiating and building permit conditions, complex and lengthy land acquisition procedures and documentation. Many countries provide various subsidies for investors, which is lacking in Lithuania. Tax reductions is not enough for foreign investors, knowing how fierce competition, is currently in Europe. Therefore, based on the experience of other countries, Lithuania should finance activities related to foreign direct investment in high value-added manufacturing and high value-added services.
Final Economic Master's thesis is relevant, because the role of foreign capital for economic development is becoming greater. Inflow of foreign capital can provide the fastest way for developing countries to acquire industrial technology for economic development. Developing countries would be lost many decades to reach that level of excellence in technology, which developed countries had already reached in middle age, if not foreign investment. The Master's objective - is to explore the possibilities and prospects for attracting foreign direct investment in Lithuania, and to make proposals to improve them. Master's paper deals with foreign direct investment in theoretical aspects, discusses the concept of foreign direct investment, forms, strategies, legal framework. Analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment to local economic development, examines the factors affecting foreign direct investment, and the reasons for the favorable investment climate to create. Based on various statistical sources: the Lithuanian Statistics Department, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and Lithuanian banks statistics, the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Lithuania was examined and compared with selected European Union countries. Conditions of promotion of foreign investments are discussed, features attractive for investors and causing doubts and concerns when undertaking risks in our country are described, attractiveness and peculiarity of Lithuania among other countries are analyzed. To sum up the investigation, the investment climate in Lithuania is favorable and it is mentioned among the most attractive countries for investments to come, but the volume of foreign investment is relatively small, their dynamics - is not constant. The work hypothesis is confirmed - the conditions and measures to attract foreign investment in Lithuania is objectively worse than in many other European Union countries. The main reasons are bureaucracy, corruption, poor labor relations and their regulation, poor business conditions for initiating and building permit conditions, complex and lengthy land acquisition procedures and documentation. Many countries provide various subsidies for investors, which is lacking in Lithuania. Tax reductions is not enough for foreign investors, knowing how fierce competition, is currently in Europe. Therefore, based on the experience of other countries, Lithuania should finance activities related to foreign direct investment in high value-added manufacturing and high value-added services.
L'oggetto di questa tesi di master è di fornire una descrizione oggettiva degli sviluppi degli investimenti cinesi all'estero da un punto di vista legale, così come di analizzarne il contesto ideologico e costituZionale. Il primo capitolo si incentra sul quadro regolatorio degli investimenti cinesi all'estero tra il 1979 ed il 1991. Da 1979 la Cina non solo ha iniziato un processo di riforma ed apertura ma ha anche creato il primo concetto giuridico che costituisce la base per gli investimenti diretti all'estero. L'obiettivo di questa sezione riguarda l'analisi di tre forme di investimenti diretti esteri verso la Cina nello specifico Equity Joint Venture (EJV), Wholly-owned Foreign Enterprises (WOFE) e Cooperative Joint Ventures (CJV). Il secondo capitolo fornisce una panoramica del periodo tra il 1992 fino al 2015. All'epoca uno dei primi è più importanti cambiamenti é stato accettare la Cina nel Organizzazione mondiale del Commercio. Il risultato che ne derivó furono degli importanti cambiamenti di indirizzo politico. Inoltre, regole specifiche furono introdotte al fine di redigere una lista delle industrie aperte agli investimenti stranieri diretti e quali no. Ciascun progetto era inoltre distinto fra "consentito", "incoraggiato", "limitato" o "proibito" in modo da riflettere la propensione alla partecipazione agli investimenti stranieri. L' intento principale del terzo capitolo é quello di dare una visione d'insieme degli investimenti stranieri diretti dal 1996 al 2015. La ricerca ha preso in particolare considerazione la composizione dell'interesse variabile (VIE) creata per favorire settori politicamente delicati limitati o esclusi agli investimenti diretti stranieri. Tuttavia, la leggittimità e l'applicabilità della composizione sembra essere poco chiara in quanto il governo cinese non la ha né rigettata né approvata. Ciò nonostante, un numero significativo di aziende che hanno fatto domanda per la VIE sono poi riuscite a quotarsi alla borsa di New York. Per concludere, é impossibile coprire tutti gli aspetti della politica dei pagamenti stranieri diretti in un unico studio. Per questo motivo la nuova regolamentazione non é qui stata trattata.
L'oggetto di questa tesi di master è di fornire una descrizione oggettiva degli sviluppi degli investimenti cinesi all'estero da un punto di vista legale, così come di analizzarne il contesto ideologico e costituZionale. Il primo capitolo si incentra sul quadro regolatorio degli investimenti cinesi all'estero tra il 1979 ed il 1991. Da 1979 la Cina non solo ha iniziato un processo di riforma ed apertura ma ha anche creato il primo concetto giuridico che costituisce la base per gli investimenti diretti all'estero. L'obiettivo di questa sezione riguarda l'analisi di tre forme di investimenti diretti esteri verso la Cina nello specifico Equity Joint Venture (EJV), Wholly-owned Foreign Enterprises (WOFE) e Cooperative Joint Ventures (CJV). Il secondo capitolo fornisce una panoramica del periodo tra il 1992 fino al 2015. All'epoca uno dei primi è più importanti cambiamenti é stato accettare la Cina nel Organizzazione mondiale del Commercio. Il risultato che ne derivó furono degli importanti cambiamenti di indirizzo politico. Inoltre, regole specifiche furono introdotte al fine di redigere una lista delle industrie aperte agli investimenti stranieri diretti e quali no. Ciascun progetto era inoltre distinto fra "consentito", "incoraggiato", "limitato" o "proibito" in modo da riflettere la propensione alla partecipazione agli investimenti stranieri. L' intento principale del terzo capitolo é quello di dare una visione d'insieme degli investimenti stranieri diretti dal 1996 al 2015. La ricerca ha preso in particolare considerazione la composizione dell'interesse variabile (VIE) creata per favorire settori politicamente delicati limitati o esclusi agli investimenti diretti stranieri. Tuttavia, la leggittimità e l'applicabilità della composizione sembra essere poco chiara in quanto il governo cinese non la ha né rigettata né approvata. Ciò nonostante, un numero significativo di aziende che hanno fatto domanda per la VIE sono poi riuscite a quotarsi alla borsa di New York. Per concludere, é impossibile coprire tutti gli aspetti della politica dei pagamenti stranieri diretti in un unico studio. Per questo motivo la nuova regolamentazione non é qui stata trattata.
L'oggetto di questa tesi di master è di fornire una descrizione oggettiva degli sviluppi degli investimenti cinesi all'estero da un punto di vista legale, così come di analizzarne il contesto ideologico e costituZionale. Il primo capitolo si incentra sul quadro regolatorio degli investimenti cinesi all'estero tra il 1979 ed il 1991. Da 1979 la Cina non solo ha iniziato un processo di riforma ed apertura ma ha anche creato il primo concetto giuridico che costituisce la base per gli investimenti diretti all'estero. L'obiettivo di questa sezione riguarda l'analisi di tre forme di investimenti diretti esteri verso la Cina nello specifico Equity Joint Venture (EJV), Wholly-owned Foreign Enterprises (WOFE) e Cooperative Joint Ventures (CJV). Il secondo capitolo fornisce una panoramica del periodo tra il 1992 fino al 2015. All'epoca uno dei primi è più importanti cambiamenti é stato accettare la Cina nel Organizzazione mondiale del Commercio. Il risultato che ne derivó furono degli importanti cambiamenti di indirizzo politico. Inoltre, regole specifiche furono introdotte al fine di redigere una lista delle industrie aperte agli investimenti stranieri diretti e quali no. Ciascun progetto era inoltre distinto fra "consentito", "incoraggiato", "limitato" o "proibito" in modo da riflettere la propensione alla partecipazione agli investimenti stranieri. L' intento principale del terzo capitolo é quello di dare una visione d'insieme degli investimenti stranieri diretti dal 1996 al 2015. La ricerca ha preso in particolare considerazione la composizione dell'interesse variabile (VIE) creata per favorire settori politicamente delicati limitati o esclusi agli investimenti diretti stranieri. Tuttavia, la leggittimità e l'applicabilità della composizione sembra essere poco chiara in quanto il governo cinese non la ha né rigettata né approvata. Ciò nonostante, un numero significativo di aziende che hanno fatto domanda per la VIE sono poi riuscite a quotarsi alla borsa di New York. Per concludere, é impossibile coprire tutti gli aspetti della politica dei pagamenti stranieri diretti in un unico studio. Per questo motivo la nuova regolamentazione non é qui stata trattata.
L'oggetto di questa tesi di master è di fornire una descrizione oggettiva degli sviluppi degli investimenti cinesi all'estero da un punto di vista legale, così come di analizzarne il contesto ideologico e costituZionale. Il primo capitolo si incentra sul quadro regolatorio degli investimenti cinesi all'estero tra il 1979 ed il 1991. Da 1979 la Cina non solo ha iniziato un processo di riforma ed apertura ma ha anche creato il primo concetto giuridico che costituisce la base per gli investimenti diretti all'estero. L'obiettivo di questa sezione riguarda l'analisi di tre forme di investimenti diretti esteri verso la Cina nello specifico Equity Joint Venture (EJV), Wholly-owned Foreign Enterprises (WOFE) e Cooperative Joint Ventures (CJV). Il secondo capitolo fornisce una panoramica del periodo tra il 1992 fino al 2015. All'epoca uno dei primi è più importanti cambiamenti é stato accettare la Cina nel Organizzazione mondiale del Commercio. Il risultato che ne derivó furono degli importanti cambiamenti di indirizzo politico. Inoltre, regole specifiche furono introdotte al fine di redigere una lista delle industrie aperte agli investimenti stranieri diretti e quali no. Ciascun progetto era inoltre distinto fra "consentito", "incoraggiato", "limitato" o "proibito" in modo da riflettere la propensione alla partecipazione agli investimenti stranieri. L' intento principale del terzo capitolo é quello di dare una visione d'insieme degli investimenti stranieri diretti dal 1996 al 2015. La ricerca ha preso in particolare considerazione la composizione dell'interesse variabile (VIE) creata per favorire settori politicamente delicati limitati o esclusi agli investimenti diretti stranieri. Tuttavia, la leggittimità e l'applicabilità della composizione sembra essere poco chiara in quanto il governo cinese non la ha né rigettata né approvata. Ciò nonostante, un numero significativo di aziende che hanno fatto domanda per la VIE sono poi riuscite a quotarsi alla borsa di New York. Per concludere, é impossibile coprire tutti gli aspetti della politica dei pagamenti stranieri diretti in un unico studio. Per questo motivo la nuova regolamentazione non é qui stata trattata.
This paper deals with analyzing investment incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI) concentrating on new European Union countries' practices (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Romania). Firstly, the theoretical aspects of FDI incentives are described, then modern trends of FDI are examined and hypotheses about the range and attractiveness of investment incentives in selected countries are formulated. In order to confirm these hypotheses, the carried out research is divided into two stages, where quantity and variety of investment incentives is estimated and summary score of FDI incentives' attractiveness is attributed to each country, showing how much the incentives' system is well-favoured by investors. The results of the research identifies a wide range of investment incentives that are currently offered in new EU countries. Also, in conformity with the attributed summary score of FDI incentives, the most attractive countries are Hungary, Romania and Latvia. Finally, the limitations of this research and recommendations for further studies are presented.
This paper deals with analyzing investment incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI) concentrating on new European Union countries' practices (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Romania). Firstly, the theoretical aspects of FDI incentives are described, then modern trends of FDI are examined and hypotheses about the range and attractiveness of investment incentives in selected countries are formulated. In order to confirm these hypotheses, the carried out research is divided into two stages, where quantity and variety of investment incentives is estimated and summary score of FDI incentives' attractiveness is attributed to each country, showing how much the incentives' system is well-favoured by investors. The results of the research identifies a wide range of investment incentives that are currently offered in new EU countries. Also, in conformity with the attributed summary score of FDI incentives, the most attractive countries are Hungary, Romania and Latvia. Finally, the limitations of this research and recommendations for further studies are presented.
This paper deals with analyzing investment incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI) concentrating on new European Union countries' practices (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Romania). Firstly, the theoretical aspects of FDI incentives are described, then modern trends of FDI are examined and hypotheses about the range and attractiveness of investment incentives in selected countries are formulated. In order to confirm these hypotheses, the carried out research is divided into two stages, where quantity and variety of investment incentives is estimated and summary score of FDI incentives' attractiveness is attributed to each country, showing how much the incentives' system is well-favoured by investors. The results of the research identifies a wide range of investment incentives that are currently offered in new EU countries. Also, in conformity with the attributed summary score of FDI incentives, the most attractive countries are Hungary, Romania and Latvia. Finally, the limitations of this research and recommendations for further studies are presented.
The Direct Foreign Investment (DFI) is one of the most important factors influencing economical development of any country. To raise the level of direct foreign investment in Lithuania is not only a goal, but also a necessity. The entry to the European Union (EU) increased competition between old and new EU member states, so in order to attract DFI to our country Lithuanian Goverment should constantly improve investment climate. Direct Foreign Investment together with direct financing brings into the country many progressive ideas, innovative management, new techniques and technologies, improves employment levels by creating new workplaces and in general raises the standart of living. German company "Max.sicherheitsfarchule.Gmbh", working in the field of theoretical and practical driving training in Germany, is planing its expansion to Lithuania, using Direct Foreign Investment, modernizing and restructuring the traditional procedure of driving training. The empirical research demonstrated the assumptions, possibilities and perspectives for this particular case of direct investing. The research work comprises of 97 pages, including 5 tables and 17 pictures, excluding lists of literature and appendixes.
The Direct Foreign Investment (DFI) is one of the most important factors influencing economical development of any country. To raise the level of direct foreign investment in Lithuania is not only a goal, but also a necessity. The entry to the European Union (EU) increased competition between old and new EU member states, so in order to attract DFI to our country Lithuanian Goverment should constantly improve investment climate. Direct Foreign Investment together with direct financing brings into the country many progressive ideas, innovative management, new techniques and technologies, improves employment levels by creating new workplaces and in general raises the standart of living. German company "Max.sicherheitsfarchule.Gmbh", working in the field of theoretical and practical driving training in Germany, is planing its expansion to Lithuania, using Direct Foreign Investment, modernizing and restructuring the traditional procedure of driving training. The empirical research demonstrated the assumptions, possibilities and perspectives for this particular case of direct investing. The research work comprises of 97 pages, including 5 tables and 17 pictures, excluding lists of literature and appendixes.
