Suchergebnisse

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Brazil, started in the 19th century, a transition period between the Empire and the beginning of the Republic (1860-1913), when fdi theories had not yet been formulated. The British were the main investors worldwide, also in Brazil, responsible for developing essential sectors. In addition to the Europeans, the Americans also saw opportunities in the country, contributing later to the industries' installation. To better understand foreign investments in Brazil, as well as the installation of multinationals in the transition from the Empire to the Republic, we highlight the foreign investment process and the country's industrialization. The main contribution of this work is research pointing out the historical landmark of foreign investment in Brazil in the analyzed period, allowing to understand the country's urban and social development.

Since the launch of the Barcelona Process in 1995 and later the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and Southern Mediterranean has grown tremendously. Trade volume, in terms of absolute value, between the EU and Southern Mediterranean has grown to an unprecedented height. Although the value has increased, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the EU to Southern Mediterranean remains low. South-to-North migration has also undoubtedly increased given the fact that it has become one of the priority concerns of the EU. Development has taken place through these economic exchanges. However, economic development growth rate remains considerably low compared to that of Latin America and Southeast Asia. This paper discusses about the economic development dynamic of Southern Mediterranean in comparison with that of Latin America and Southeast Asia through economic indicators, economic openness and trade, FDI and migration flows and structures. It also discusses about the challenges faced by Southern Mediterranean and how the economic crisis in the EU may affect their economic relationship

Since the launch of the Barcelona Process in 1995 and later the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and Southern Mediterranean has grown tremendously. Trade volume, in terms of absolute value, between the EU and Southern Mediterranean has grown to an unprecedented height. Although the value has increased, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the EU to Southern Mediterranean remains low. South-to-North migration has also undoubtedly increased given the fact that it has become one of the priority concerns of the EU. Development has taken place through these economic exchanges. However, economic development growth rate remains considerably low compared to that of Latin America and Southeast Asia. This paper discusses about the economic development dynamic of Southern Mediterranean in comparison with that of Latin America and Southeast Asia through economic indicators, economic openness and trade, FDI and migration flows and structures. It also discusses about the challenges faced by Southern Mediterranean and how the economic crisis in the EU may affect their economic relationship. ; Since the launch of the Barcelona Process in 1995 and later the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and Southern Mediterranean has grown tremendously. Trade volume, in terms of absolute value, between the EU and Southern Mediterranean has grown to an unprecedented height. Although the value has increased, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the EU to Southern Mediterranean remains low. South-to-North migration has also undoubtedly increased given the fact that it has become one of the priority concerns of the EU. Development has taken place through these economic exchanges. However, economic development growth rate remains considerably low compared to that of Latin America and Southeast Asia. This paper discusses about the economic development dynamic of Southern Mediterranean in comparison with that of Latin America and Southeast Asia through economic indicators, economic openness and trade, FDI and migration flows and structures. It also discusses about the challenges faced by Southern Mediterranean and how the economic crisis in the EU may affect their economic relationship.

All of us that are concerned about the environment should ask if the increase in capital mobility associated with the world-wide process of liberalization, deregulation and privatization known as the Neo-liberal global regime has contributed to the problems of higher emissions, ozone layer destruction, and pollution of water sources, as well as to create false economic bubbles that lead to increase consumption in these regions and force the poor to destroy the environment in order to survive and cope with the roles their society demands. Neo-liberal practices such as those enforced in developing countries like Colombia, seeking to attract foreign investment to push their economies tend to generate a false aggregated demand growth, that in most cases is not sustainable in the long term, and thus high global unemployment, unleash destructive competitive processes, and weaken government's ability to regulate business in the citizens best interests. The forces of global Neo-liberalism are now so powerful that it has become difficult if not impossible for countries like Colombia to maintain non-Neo-liberal economic structures, in which countries are forced to deregulate FDI policies and receive inflows of capital no matter the terms and the objectives as long as it helps to maintain consumption levels.

All of us that are concerned about the environment should ask if the increase in capital mobility associated with the world-wide process of liberalization, deregulation and privatization known as the Neo-liberal global regime has contributed to the problems of higher emissions, ozone layer destruction, and pollution of water sources, as well as to create false economic bubbles that lead to increase consumption in these regions and force the poor to destroy the environment in order to survive and cope with the roles their society demands. Neo-liberal practices such as those enforced in developing countries like Colombia, seeking to attract foreign investment to push their economies tend to generate a false aggregated demand growth, that in most cases is not sustainable in the long term, and thus high global unemployment, unleash destructive competitive processes, and weaken government's ability to regulate business in the citizens best interests. The forces of global Neo-liberalism are now so powerful that it has become difficult if not impossible for countries like Colombia to maintain non-Neo-liberal economic structures, in which countries are forced to deregulate FDI policies and receive inflows of capital no matter the terms and the objectives as long as it helps to maintain consumption levels.

El artículo brinda información sobre los flujos de inversión en el mundo y la posición relativa de nuestro país. Bajo este marco y dado que el autor se encuentra prestando servicios en la Embajada Argentina en Japón se realizan consideraciones sobre la IED de Japón en el mundo y en la Argentina. Este trabajo de investigación ha pretendido unificar información y datos sobre la IED a los efectos brindar un enfoque integral a la cuestión . En este marco se realizan consideraciones finales sobre incentivos para la inversión extranjera bajo un marco de fortalecimiento institucional y estabilidad política y económica. ; This article provides information as regards investment fluxes and the relative positioning of our country in this respect. Within this framework and given that the author provides services at the Argentinian Embassy in Japan, considerations are made as regards Direct Foreign Investment of Japan in the world and Argentina. This paper has sought to unify information about DFI in an attempt to offer an integrated view of the matter. In this context final considerations are made as regards incentives to foreign investment within a framework of institutional strengthening and political and economic stability. ; Sección Estudios. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

The main objective of this explicative research was to determine the effect of trade opening and direct foreign investment on Peruvian economic growth, 2007-2016. This research was developed inside one non-experimental and longitudinal design; The sample was constituted by data related to study variables during the period 2007-2016 and collected from reports prepared by BCRP, INEI and Proinversion; furthermore, it was used a convenience sampling; the validity of regression models was realized through analysis of variance. This research concluded that, in peruvian case, only trade opening affected significatly on growth rate of real GDP per capita during the period 2007-2016 explaining more than fifty percent of its variation. One suggestion as a product of this research is the design of politics that fosters the trade opening through removing barriers and the search for new trade agreements where the national interests prevail over other types of interests. ; La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el efecto de la apertura comercial y la inversión extranjera directa en el crecimiento económico peruano, 2007-2016. Para lograr este objetivo se usó un diseño no experimental, de corte longitudinal y de tipo explicativo; la muestra estuvo conformada por todos los datos relacionadas a las variables de estudio entre el periodo 2007-2016 y que fueron obtenidos del BCRP, el INEI y Pro inversión; además se usó un muestreo por conveniencia; la validez de los modelos de regresión fueron hechas mediante el análisis de varianza. La conclusión a la que se llegó fue que sólo la apertura comercial afectó significativamente sobre la tasa de crecimiento del PBI real per cápita del Perú durante el periodo 2007-2016, además, de explicar más de la mitad de su variación. Se recomienda diseñar nuevas políticas que fomenten la apertura comercial mediante la eliminación de barreras y la búsqueda de nuevos acuerdos comerciales donde los intereses nacionales estén por encima de otros.

En los países donde los gobiernos fomentan las "donaciones" o "regalos" por parte de las empresas privadas, éstas tienen más posibilidades de verse implicadas en algún tráfico de influencias, conocido como Capturas Estatales. Es el caso de inversores extranjeros que se ven envueltos en actos de corrupción, dependiendo del coste de oportunidad que tengan que asumir. Si bien es cierto que las empresas multinacionales más potentes son menos proclives a incurrir en la Captura Estatal, éstas son más propensas a caer en la corrupción política y en la compra de favores en sus tratos con los gobiernos anfitriones. Ha habido casos en los inversores extranjeros han hecho público su malestar por chantajes de los que han sido objeto por parte de los gobiernos regionales o locales de los países anfitriones. Por otro lado, muy difícilmente se puede demostrar que las empresas extranjeras pagan "comisiones" (en términos coloquiales se refiere a las mordidas) más elevadas que sus homólogas locales, si bien éstas han mostrado una mayor tendencia a aceptar diversas formas específicas de corrupción. ; In countries where the government encourages "donations" and "gifts" from private companies, FDI firms are more likely than their domestic counterparts to engage in corrupt forms of political influence, known as State Captures. Different types of foreign investors engage in particular types of corruption, depending on what competitive advantage they will get out of it. FDI firms with local partners are more likely to engage in State Capture. Larger multinational firms with headquarters overseas rely much less on State Capture, yet are more likely to resort to political corruption and bribery, Kickbacks, in their dealing with foreign governments. Though quite often, foreign direct investors might claim that they are specifically targeted for bribes by local governments, it has been found that there is no evidence that FDI firms pay higher overall bribes than domestic firms, even though they are more likely to engage in specific forms of corruption.

This study examines the impact of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on Swiss foreign direct investment (FDI). It also investigates the role of BITs as protective tools of Swiss investment. This paper is based on secondary data analysis; data is obtained from various official entities. This study uses statistical and machine learning techniques in order to detect meaningful relationships between BITs and FDI flows. Our findings suggest that the implementation of BITs have an insignificant impact on the increase of Swiss FDI flows. However, from our examination, two interesting findings have emerged suggesting that the completion of BITs may have an impact on the increase of political stability and rule of law of partner countries. ; Este estudio examina el impacto de los tratados bilaterales de inversión (TBI) de la inversión extranjera directa suizo (IED). También indaga el papel de los TBI como herramientas de protección de inversiones. Esta investigación se basa en análisis de datos secundarios, los datos son obtenidos de diversas entidades oficiales. Este estudio utiliza técnicas de aprendizaje estadístico con el fin de detectar relaciones significativas entre los TBI y los flujos de IED. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la implementación de tratados bilaterales de inversión tiene un impacto insignificante en el aumento de IED suizos. Sin embargo, desde nuestro examen,dos hallazgos interesantes han surgido, proponiendo que los TBI puedan tener un impacto en el aumento de la estabilidad política y el estado de derecho de los países asociados.

The unemployment rate gives a relative idea of the overall economic health of a country. This paper's aim was to explore, understand and measure the positive or negative relationship between foreign direct investment and government investment with unemployment in Ecuador. The ordinary least square regression model was used to determine if there were any relations between the variables and to measure them. The databases used for this econometric analysis were generated and published by Ecuador's Central Bank, the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics (INEC) and the National Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES). The results show significant relations between government investment and unemployment. On the contrary, there is no relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment for the Ecuadorian case. ; El desempleo puede dar una idea relativa de la salud de la economía de un país, y entre los factores que tienen influencia sobre el desempleo tenemos la inversión directa extranjera y el gasto gubernamental. El objetivo de este artículo es el de explorar, entender y medir las relaciones entre la inversión directa extranjera y el gasto gubernamental con el desempleo en Ecuador. Cada una de las variables usadas en este artículo fue reseñada. El modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios fue utilizado para determinar la existencia de relaciones entre las variables y medirlas. Los resultados muestran relación significante entre las variables de gasto gubernamental y desempleo. El caso contrario fue para inversión directa extranjera y desempleo para el caso ecuatoriano.

This article describes the complex relationship between exportation & foreign direct investment (FDI). Distinction is also made between FDI determined by sales opportunities & by cost-cutting opportunities, especially in connection with the New Member States (NMS). Furthermore, the Belgian FDI into the NMS is discussed. The article also examines the role of FDI in furthering the economic growth & development of the NMS & lists the FDI's advantages & disadvantages for the NMS. Additionally, the EU eastern expansion has mainly generated a positive result for Belgian businesses. The article also mentions a trend that the current industrial states would become less industrial, by just maintaining concept, design & R&D of products, while outsourcing the rest of the production process, including business services. In conclusion, a tentative roadmap for Belgian companies is drawn up in order to face the economic challenges of the expansion & to determine which government measures need to be taken to boost the Belgian companies' performances. 2 Tables, 33 References. A. Michaux

This paper examines the dynamic association between foreign direct investment (FDI), public investment of local governments (IPUB) and economic growth for the 32 states in Mexico grouped by region and level of competitiveness for the 2006-2015 period. In particular, we examine the crowding-in and crowding- out effects of the two types of investments, as well as their impact on economic growth. We employ a panel data vector autorregression (VARP) model from which we obtain evidence indicating that IPUB shocks have a negative impact on the response of IED and also that IPUB responds positively, but weakly to FDI. We also find a negative and significant response of regional GDP growth to IPUB shocks, particularly in the north of Mexico. Finally, we find that shocks to FDI do not encourage GDP growth and that states in the south even experi- ence negative rates of growth of per capita GDP. ; Este artículo examina la relación dinámica entre la inversión extranjera directa (IED), la inversión pública (IPUB) de los gobiernos locales y el crecimiento económico para el conjunto de las 32 entidades federativas en México agrupadas por región y por nivel de competitividad para el periodo 2006-2015. De parti- cular interés son el examen de los efectos complementarios (crowding in) o de desplazamiento (crowding out) de los dos tipos de inversión y su impacto sobre el crecimiento económico. Empleamos un modelo de vectores autorregresivos para datos tipo panel (VARP) a partir del cual se obtiene evidencia diferenciada que indica que choques de IPUB ejercen un impacto negativo sobre la IED y que, por su parte, la respuesta de la IPUB a choques de IED es positiva pero débil. Encontramos también una respuesta positiva y significativa del crecimiento del PIB a choques de IPUB, siendo las entidades federativas en el norte del país las que registran el mayor aprovechamiento. Finalmente, encontramos que choques de IED no incentivan el crecimiento del PIB per cápita y que, en los estados de la región sur del país, se ...