Suchergebnisse

Research into the legal status of foreigners in East Adriatic medieval urban communities is, unfortunately, hindered by the lack of sources. This insurmountable obstacle does not permit a deeper and more comprehensive insight into this challenging topic. The legal status of foreigners may only be studied for the period from the second half of the thirteenth and, especially, early fourteenth century onwards. It is in this period and thanks to the revival of the Roman law that East Adriatic urban communes, following the example set by their Italian counterparts, began to set down their own collections of written laws (statutes). The statutes paid attention to the regulation of the legal status of foreigners. The statutes are indeed the richest and the most important sources for this topic. Yet it is important to keep in mind that the diversity of the socio-economic and political concerns of each individual commune shaped their individual attitudes towards foreigners. This diversity makes a general appraisal of the legal status of foreigners in East Adriatic communes difficult. The best we can do is to point out certain trends in the statutory legislations. Following the example set by the twelfth and thirteenth century trading contracts, with which the urban communes regulated free trade between them and ensured the personal and material security of its merchants, many of the statutes' regulations focused on the issues around the property and procedural criminal law, as well as law proceedings. These regulations provided foreigners with legal protection against arbitrary acts committed by the host town and provided a swift legal action in the case of material or personal injury. Yet in order to protect their own interests as well as the interests of their citizens, the communes often applied various exclusions to the regulations concerning foreigners. These exclusions were mostly expressed in the area of the law of obligations (securing obligations, cession, claims, loans, borrowing, purchase contracts etc.) as well as the material law and in particular the property law. The most important exclusion concerning the foreigner's right to property—indeed one that received the greatest amount of attention in the statutes—was the limitation to their ownership of real estate. Limitations in this area were not as rigid as it may seem at first glance, as the statutory regulations in certain communes did give (conditional) right to own real estate. In most cases, purchase of real estate required the concurrence of the communal body in charge, or the bestowal of residence rights (habitator). Yet foreigners who had been granted residence and then moved away at their own will, in some towns faced punishment by confiscation of their immovable assets. In some cases, the rights of the foreigner-owner of the real estate were limited so that s/he was permitted to bequest their real estate only to the persons not subject to secular authorities—ie the clerics. This prohibition, however, applied equally to the town dwellers and to foreigners. Furthermore, with respect to the acquisition of the property, foreigners suffered explicit limitations. An example is the regulation that prohibited the residents to name the foreigner as their heir, or the prohibition from participating in public auctions. Other limitations to the foreigners' right to own property specified in the town statutes referred, for the most part, to their movable assets, that is the products and the commodities they traded (wheat, wine, salt, wood). These goods were of vital importance for the economic life of the commune. Similar limitations may be found in regulations concerning exploitation of communal natural resources. As the examples above indicate, the statutory legislation was first and foremost focused upon the regulation of those questions that the commune considered especially important from a long-term perspective. Yet as sources for the history of the legal status of foreigners in East Adriatic communal societies, the statutes are insufficient.

One way to know the state of the relationship between a society and space is by examining its ownership rights. From them, the network of relationships and hierarchies between social groups, as well as the role they give to the environment in which they operate, can be accessed. This article proposes a critical review of this relationship, one in which the individual and anthropic character of the ownership has not been questioned. Based on semi- structured interviews and literature review, it is suggested that the demands of sectors usually affected by this form of social relationship seek to guarantee their right to use resources under market paradigms. Thus, it is interesting that the new institutional arrangements that allow their integration replicates the same effects of dispossession and exclusion. In this way, corrective measures reinforce the individual and anthropic character of ownership, which gains a basal legitimacy. As a result, the allocation of rights, the definition of priority groups and political decisions are faced with increasingly fragmented action, extending exclusion to increasingly marginalized groups, as well as risking the availability of the resources thus distributed. ; Una manera de conocer el estado de la relación entre una sociedad y el espacio es mediante el examen de sus derechos de propiedad. Desde ellos se accede al entramado de relaciones y jerarquías entre grupos sociales, así como al rol que le otorgan al medio en el que se desenvuelven. En este artículo se propone una revisión crítica de dicha relación, una en la que el carácter individual y antrópico de la propiedad no ha sido cuestionado. Con base en entrevistas semiestructuradas y revisión bibliográfica se plantea que las demandas de sectores usualmente perjudicados por esta forma de relación social buscan que se les garantice el derecho a usufructuar recursos bajo paradigmas de mercado. Así, es interesante que los nuevos arreglos institucionales que permiten su integración replican los mismos efectos de desposesión y ...

In this article, Professor Marco Antonio Ortega analyses the legislator's intention when regulating the contractual object in the 1984 Civil Code. It also analyzes the opinions of the most outstanding national and international jurists in the area of civil law regarding to this topic. Finally, he concludes his article by stating a clear position on the relationship between the contractual object and the conventional transfer of real property, according to the rules of our Civil Code. ; En el presente artículo, el Profesor Marco Antonio Ortega realiza un agudo análisis acerca de la intención del legislador al momento de regular el objeto contractual en el Código Civil de 1984. Analiza, también, las opiniones de los más destacados juristas, nacionales e internacionales, del área del derecho civil respecto al tema. Finalmente, concluye su artículo exponiendo una clara posición acerca de la relación entre el objeto contractual y la transferencia convencional de la propiedad inmueble, según las normas de nuestro Código Civil.

According to several Latin American countries that have incorporated into their legislation the figure of the extinction or deprivation of the right of ownership, criticisms or questions have arisen regarding its constitutionality, or the alleged violation that occurs through the application of such institution to the guarantees of the right to private property, presumption of innocence, due process, right to defense, etc. This essay intends to answer these questions and explain in a simple manner the characteristics and the way in which this action operates, as well as to try to explain what has been the need of the States to create this legal tool, as a mechanism to combat organized crime and public corruption. ; Conforme varios países latinoamericanos han ido incorporando a su legislación la figura de la extinción o privación del derecho de dominio, han ido surgiendo críticas o cuestionamientos a la misma con respecto a su constitucionalidad, o la presunta violación que se da a través de la aplicación de dicha institución a las garantías del derecho a la propiedad privada, presunción de inocencia, debido proceso, derecho de defensa, etc. Este ensayo pretende dar respuesta a dichas interrogantes y explicar de manera sencilla las características y la forma en que opera dicha acción, así como tratar de exponer cuál ha sido la necesidad de los Estados para crear dicha herramienta jurídica, como mecanismo para el combate a la delincuencia organizada y la corrupción pública.

La presente tesi intende offrire una ricostruzione del fenomeno della partecipazione dei dipendenti al capitale d'impresa, analizzando la disciplina interna anche alla luce del dibattito sul tema sviluppatosi a livello europeo. Nel primo capitolo vengono dunque ripercorsi gli interventi dell'Unione Europea, con particolare attenzione al recente studio "The promotion of employee ownership and participation" del 2014. L'elaborato si sofferma, quindi, sulla letteratura economica in materia di "shared capitalism", addotta dal legislatore comunitario a sostegno di una promozione della partecipazione finanziaria dei lavoratori. La normativa nazionale relativa all'azionariato dei dipendenti, anche nella sua evoluzione storica, è invece analizzata nel terzo capitolo. Infine, sono approfondite le prospettive aperte dal dialogo con il diritto europeo, considerando gli strumenti di gestione collettiva delle azioni e la possibile promozione dell'azionariato dei dipendenti in un'ottica di favore per gli investitori con orizzonte di lungo periodo. Complessivamente, l'elaborato fornisce un'utile chiave di lettura di un istituto sempre più attuale e connotato da importanti spunti interdisciplinari. ; This project aims at setting out the employee share ownership phenomenon, analysing the Italian discipline in the light of the recent European debate. At first, an overview of European Union's initiatives on employee financial participation is presented, focusing on the 2014 published research "The promotion of employee ownership and participation". Secondly, the economic literature on "shared capitalism", as cited by the European legislator in supporting employee financial participation, is studied. In the third chapter, Italian legislation is analysed both from an actual and historical perspective on the issue. Discussion on the employee financial participation scenario deriving from the dialogue between Italian and European law follows, featuring the issues of collective employee share ownership and the promotion of employees as long-term shareholders. Overall, the thesis describes in a comprehensive way employee share ownership, offering a useful key to understand this interdisciplinary issue.

This article was based on the study "Types of property ownership in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast" with emphasis in the property forms identification known in the Nicaraguan Legislation, special regimen that regulates the use and ownership of properties and the zones with a great demand for the acquisition in the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. The right to the property is the real right for excellence because it comprehends a series of faculties that a person or community can have over it. The Political Constitution of Nicaragua recognizes the different forms of property: public, private, associative, collective, communitarian, communal, familiar and mixed, and the forms for accessing to them through the different ownership systems. The identification of the different categories, the rights that can be taken according to the ownership and acquisition of properties in the Caribbean Coast constitute an indispensable requirement to give legal security in the property ownership and the investment promotions in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast. ; Este artículo se basó en el estudio "Tipos de tenencia de la propiedad en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua" con énfasis en la identificación de las formas de propiedad reconocidas en la legislación nicaragüense, régimen especial que regula el uso y tenencia de la propiedad y las zonas de mayor demanda para la adquisición en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua. El derecho a la propiedad es el derecho real por excelencia ya que comprende una serie de facultades que una persona o colectividad puede tener sobre ella. La Constitución Política de Nicaragua reconoce las diferentes formas de propiedad: pública, privada, asociativa, cooperativa, comunitaria, comunal, familiar y mixta y las formas de accesar a la misma a través de los diferentes sistemas de tenencia. La identificación plena de las diferentes categorías, los derechos que se puedan ejercer de acuerdo a la tenencia y adquisición de propiedades en la Costa Caribe constituye un requisito indispensable para brindar seguridad jurídica en la tenencia de la propiedad y la promoción de las inversiones en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua.

This article was based on the study "Types of property ownership in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast" with emphasis in the property forms identification known in the Nicaraguan Legislation, special regimen that regulates the use and ownership of properties and the zones with a great demand for the acquisition in the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. The right to the property is the real right for excellence because it comprehends a series of faculties that a person or community can have over it. The Political Constitution of Nicaragua recognizes the different forms of property: public, private, associative, collective, communitarian, communal, familiar and mixed, and the forms for accessing to them through the different ownership systems. The identification of the different categories, the rights that can be taken according to the ownership and acquisition of properties in the Caribbean Coast constitute an indispensable requirement to give legal security in the property ownership and the investment promotions in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast ; Este artículo se basó en el estudio "Tipos de tenencia de la propiedad en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua" con énfasis en la identificación de las formas de propiedad reconocidas en la legislación nicaragüense, régimen especial que regula el uso y tenencia de la propiedad y las zonas de mayor demanda para la adquisición en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua. El derecho a la propiedad es el derecho real por excelencia ya que comprende una serie de facultades que una persona o colectividad puede tener sobre ella. La Constitución Política de Nicaragua reconoce las diferentes formas de propiedad: pública, privada, asociativa, cooperativa, comunitaria, comunal, familiar y mixta y las formas de accesar a la misma a través de los diferentes sistemas de tenencia. La identificación plena de las diferentes categorías, los derechos que se puedan ejercer de acuerdo a la tenencia y adquisición de propiedades en la Costa Caribe constituye un requisito indispensable para brindar seguridad jurídica en la tenencia de la propiedad y la promoción de las inversiones en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua

This article was based on the study "Types of property ownership in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast" with emphasis in the property forms identification known in the Nicaraguan Legislation, special regimen that regulates the use and ownership of properties and the zones with a great demand for the acquisition in the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. The right to the property is the real right for excellence because it comprehends a series of faculties that a person or community can have over it. The Political Constitution of Nicaragua recognizes the different forms of property: public, private, associative, collective, communitarian, communal, familiar and mixed, and the forms for accessing to them through the different ownership systems. The identification of the different categories, the rights that can be taken according to the ownership and acquisition of properties in the Caribbean Coast constitute an indispensable requirement to give legal security in the property ownership and the investment promotions in the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast. ; Este artículo se basó en el estudio "Tipos de tenencia de la propiedad en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua" con énfasis en la identificación de las formas de propiedad reconocidas en la legislación nicaragüense, régimen especial que regula el uso y tenencia de la propiedad y las zonas de mayor demanda para la adquisición en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua. El derecho a la propiedad es el derecho real por excelencia ya que comprende una serie de facultades que una persona o colectividad puede tener sobre ella. La Constitución Política de Nicaragua reconoce las diferentes formas de propiedad: pública, privada, asociativa, cooperativa, comunitaria, comunal, familiar y mixta y las formas de accesar a la misma a través de los diferentes sistemas de tenencia. La identificación plena de las diferentes categorías, los derechos que se puedan ejercer de acuerdo a la tenencia y adquisición de propiedades en la Costa Caribe constituye un requisito indispensable para brindar seguridad jurídica en la tenencia de la propiedad y la promoción de las inversiones en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua.

The writing is intended to show some relationship between the media, especially radio with economic, social, political and cultural processes that are developed at the national and regional context. Accordingly, located birth and development of radio system and its impact, on the concepts of participation and citizenship. Presents elements of relationship property of media content, and the owners of the media with political parties. Finally, review the relationship of the national situation and their re?ection with the regional situation and presents some conclusions. ; El escrito pretende mostrar algunas relaciones existentes entre los medios de comunicación, especialmente, la radio con procesos económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales que se vienen desarrollando en el contexto nacional y regional. En tal sentido, ubica el nacimiento y desarrollo del sistema radiofónico y sus incidencias, en los conceptos de participación y ciudadanía. Presenta elementos de relación de la propiedad de los medios con los contenidos, y de los propietarios de los medios con los partidos políticos. Finalmente, revisa la relación de la situación nacional y su reflejo con la situación regional y presenta algunas conclusiones.

Se investiga la transformación territorial, de agrario-natural a urbano, de un municipio enclavado en uno de los paisajes mundialmente más conocidos de la Isla de Tenerife y de Canarias: el Valle de La Orotava. La tesis que hemos intentado demostrar es que no se puede entender la transformación territorial del municipio de La Orotava sin el papel jugado por los grandes propietarios de la tierra y que la estrategia seguida por esos agentes inmobiliarios está en la base de la desordenación del territorio municipal. ; We study the territorial transformation, of agrarian to urban, of a municipality placed in a landscape very known in the whole world: Orotava Valley, in Tenerife Island. We want to demonstrate that it is impossible to understand the territorial transformation of La Orotava municipality, without knowing the paper of the landowners. In addition we show that the strategy followed by this social group is the reason of the economic, social and territorial crisis of the municipality. ; Esta comunicación ha sido posible gracias a la concesión del proyecto de investigación «Urbanización del territorio y política local en la Democracia Española: a vueltas con la cuestión agraria» (SEJ2007-60612), financiado por la Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España.

The purpose of the article was to study the legal nature, concept, and motives for the acquisition of property rights in Russian civil law. The main method of documentary research. The article also uses the inductive method, the method of systematic scientific analysis, comparative legal methods, and historical methods. The main method underlying the solution of the problem is to study the legal bases and characteristics of the acquisition of property rights. The article demonstrates the theoretical irresoluble of the problem of scientific understanding of the grounds for acquiring property rights in the civil law of Russia and other countries. The authors of the article consider that the interpretation of Russian legal norms on property rights is multidimensional in contrast to the relatively recent past. It is concluded that judicial argumentation has occupied an important place in the modern scientific interpretation of civil law rules on property rights. Both the modern legal state and the constitution were created by interpretation and argumentation, including the rules of the property law institute.

En este artículo se analiza un grupo de topónimos menores de Gata (Cáceres) que deben su origen al carácter concejil de los terrenos a los que nombraban en el momento de ser creados, principalmente, a lo largo de los siglos XV y XVI, que es cuando la villa empezó a cobrar cierta importancia con respecto a otras de la Orden Militar de Alcántara. A partir de su creación, el mantenimiento y la extinción de estos onomásticos de lugar han estado sujetos a condicionantes tanto de índole lingüística como de otro tipo. ; This article analyzes a group of toponyms in Gata, in the province of Cáceres, which reflect the public ownership of the land named, mainly throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, when the town began to gain some importance because it belonged to the Military Order of Alcántara. From then on, the survival or disappearance of names has been subject to both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditions. ; peerReviewed

Summary In this work I intend to reflect on the contributions made by certain feminist theory on the notion of ownership of the body, analysing both the critical versions and the alternative proposals of those that remark the need to abandon this concept which comes from the liberal paradigm. First of all, I am focusing on the reflections on the ownership of the body made by different authors from a theoretical feminist perspective. Secondly, I wonder about the political meanings of this concept, as it is present in many of the feminist movement's complaints and debates, such as the right to abortion or the freedom to exercise sexual work. The hypothesis underlying this article is that feminist theory means this concept, taking into account the limitations it presents and formulating new keys to understanding it. However, beyond academic discussions, at political level this idea has direct implications for women's bodies, bearing in mind that it is framed in a context of neoliberal hegemony in which the language of property often goes hand in hand with commercial logic. In this context, the complaint of feminist movements for the recovery and control of women's bodies is constrained by the idea of the body as private property and absolute right to be used — without hindrance — for any activity, including profit-making, without taking into account the context of subordination in which these activities are carried out. In these terms, the demands relating to the self-appropriation of the women's body are close to theoretical and political positions of the neoliberal paradigm. ; Resumen En el presente trabajo me propongo reflexionar sobre los aportes que ciertas teóricas feministas realizaron en torno a la noción de propiedad del cuerpo, analizando tanto las versiones críticas como las propuestas alternativas de aquellas que remarcan la necesidad de abandonar este concepto que proviene del paradigma liberal. En primer lugar, me centro en observar las reflexiones sobre la propiedad del cuerpo que elaboran distintas ...

Juan Quidort considera al trabajo individual, entre otras actividades, como la forma más adecuada de apropiación. Egidio parece compartir el mismo punto de vista, pero difiere profundamente de Juan, en cuanto postula que toda posesión es legítima, solo cuando su propietario está bautizado, i.e., cuando forma parte de la comunidad eclesial. Esto depende de la visión política de Egidio que propone la subordinación del orden temporal al eclesial. Por su parte, Juan al plantear la independencia de los dos poderes, considera al trabajo y a las demás actividades como independientes de la jurisdicción eclesial, si bien permanecen ligadas a la ética cristiana. ; John Quidort considers individual work, among other activities, the most suitable form of appropriation. Giles of Rome seems to share this view but, in contrast to John's opinion, he claims that all possession is legitimate only when the owner is baptized, i.e., when he is part of the Church community. This view depends on Giles's political thought, that the temporal order should be subordinated to the ecclesiastical order. John, on the other hand, when referring to the independence of the two powers, considers work and other activities independent from the Church, although linked to Christian ethics.

John Quidort considers individual work, among other activities, the most suitable form of appropriation. Giles of Rome seems to share this view but, in contrast to John's opinion, he claims that all possession is legitimate only when the owner is baptized, i.e., when he is part of the Church community. This view depends on Giles's political thought, that the temporal order should be subordinated to the ecclesiastical order. John, on the other hand, when referring to the independence of the two powers, considers work and other activities independent from the Church, although linked to Christian ethics. ; Juan Quidort considera al trabajo individual, entre otras actividades, como la forma más adecuada de apropiación. Egidio parece compartir el mismo punto de vista, pero difiere profundamente de Juan, en cuanto postula que toda posesión es legítima, solo cuando su propietario está bautizado, i.e., cuando forma parte de la comunidad eclesial. Esto depende de la visión política de Egidio que propone la subordinación del orden temporal al eclesial. Por su parte, Juan al plantear la independencia de los dos poderes, considera al trabajo y a las demás actividades como independientes de la jurisdicción eclesial, si bien permanecen ligadas a la ética cristiana.