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The African scramble for independence has led to two major political trends which have at least the superficial look of being contradictory but which may still turn out to be complementary. One is the consolidation of states, and, it may be, of nations, within the frontiers traced on the map of Africa with an imperial flourish by the colonial powers. The other is the unceasing agitation and conferring to secure some sort of African unity which would bring together within a common framework either all the African peoples or such more limited groupings of them as are now prepared to join forces for general or particular purposes. The unanswered, and still unanswerable, question is whether the states which have been emerging in such quantities, with more still to come—29 African Members of the UN at the end of 1961 as against five in 1955—will serve as the building blocks for a greater African union or whether they will jealously guard the separate identity which they have now achieved.

Essays on Pan-Africanism begins with essays by Shiraz Durrani, Abdilatif Abdulla, Issa Shivji, Firoze Manji, Sabatho Nyamsenda, Willy Mutunga and Noosim Naimasiah on various aspects of Pan-Africanism. This is followed by Remembering the Champions of African Liberation, with articles on Patrice Lumumba by Antoine Lokongo, Abdulrahman Babu by Amrit Wilson, Makhan Singh by Hindpal Singh and Piyo Rattansi, followed by Tajudeen Abdul Raheem's last Pan African Postcard (2009) and Debating and Documenting Africa - A Conversation. The Preface, Pan-African Thought, is by Prof. Issa Shivji. The book inc

The Pan-African movement is in utter disarray & independent Africa is suffering under neocolonial subservience to imperialism partly because of the limitations of bourgeois nationalist ideologies & strategies for decolonization. The historical movement of Pan-Africanism led by W. E. B. Du Bois & later by Kwame Nkrumah sought a unity imposed from above & not one emanating from a mass base. Consequently, the Pan-African movement remained abstract & ethereal, led by New World blacks alienated by Western racism, in search of privileges from colonial powers for "civilized" Africans only. The Pan-African conferences of the 20th century met in Western capitals & not clandestinely in Africa. Their participants bound themselves to pursue their goals by constitutional nonviolent methods in the face of imperialist aggression. Their adherents were largely the scattered intelligentsia & not the masses back in Africa. When the former colonies were granted independence, the bureaucratic-military machine of the colonial administration, & the econimic institutions of imperialist design were not dismantled, but merely transferred or inherited. The emerging authoritarian, exploitive, & elitist regimes adopted a series of contradictory political positions: anticommunism but antiimperialism; national liberation along with abstract nonviolence; & nonalignment yet economic development through foreign investment. Attempts at forging a union of African states were really efforts by neocolonial regimes to consolidate their power over the still exploited & demobilized masses. Genuine Pan-Africanism, as espoused by Franz Fanon & Amilcar Cabral, means the development of the national productive forces through socialist institutions by awakened workers & peasants. This requires the destruction of neocolonial structures, through armed struggle if necessary, by a truly internationalist movement that breaks the bonds of the village universe & tribalism & progressively integrates itself with other African & world revolutionary currents. A. Karmen.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- About the Author -- Contents -- Acknowledgement -- Prologue -- Introduction -- Glossary of Acronyms -- Chapter 13 - The Seventh and the Eighth Pan African Congress of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - 1974 and Kampala, Uganda- 1994: The Radical X-ray of the Balkanisation and Neo-Colonisation of Africa by the African Petty Bourgeoisie -- 13.1 The Seventh Pan African Congress -- 13.1.1. The Underdevelopment of Africa by Africans of the Petty Bourgeoisie According To Walter Rodney

Somali attitudes towards Pan-Africanism, and more particularly towards the federation of African states, have to be understood in relation to the very special conditions of the Horn of Africa. It will be necessary therefore to begin this survey with a few general remarks about the Somali Peninsula and the special characteristics of Somali nationalism.