Suchergebnisse

The Caribbean stage -- Geographies of opportunity, geographies of constraint / David Barker -- Contemporary Caribbean ecologies: the weight of history / Duncan McGregor -- The earliest settlers / Antonio Curet -- Old world precedents: sugar and slavery in the Mediterranean / William D. Phillips Jr -- The making of a colonial sphere -- The columbian moment: politics, ideology, and biohistory / Reinaldo Funes Monzote -- From tainos to Africans in the Caribbean: labor, migration, and resistance / Jalil Sued-Badillo -- Negotiations of conquest / Lynne A. Guitar -- Toward sugar and slavery / Stephan Palmié -- Masterless people: maroons, pirates, and commoners / Isaac Curtis -- Colonial designs in flux -- The Caribbean between empires: colonists, pirates, and slaves / Josep M. Fradera -- Imperial decline, colonial adaptation: the Spanish islands during the long 17th century / Francisco A. Scarano -- The Atlantic framework of 17th-century colonization / Alison Games -- Servants and slaves during the 17th-century sugar revolution / Hilary Mcd. Beckles -- The French and Dutch Caribbean, 1600-1800 / Philip Boucher -- Slaves and tropical commodities: the Caribbean in the south Atlantic system / Selwyn H. H. Carrington and Ronald C. Noel -- Capitalism, slavery, and revolution -- Slave cultures: systems of domination and forms of resistance / Philip Morgan -- Rivalry, war, and imperial reform in the 18th-century Caribbean / Douglas Hamilton -- The Haitian revolution / Laurent Dubois -- The abolition of slavery in the non-hispanic Caribbean / Diana Paton -- Econocide?: from abolition to emancipation in the British and French Caribbean / Dale Tomich -- Missionaries, planters, and slaves in the age of abolition / Jean Besson -- A reordered world -- A second slavery? the 19th-century sugar revolutions in Cuba and Puerto Rico / Christopher Schmidt-Nowara -- Peasants, immigrants, and workers: the British and French Caribbean after emancipation / Gad Heuman -- War and nation building: Cuban and Dominican experiences / Robert Whitney -- The rise of the American Mediterranean, 1846-1905 / Luis Martínez-Fernández -- The conundrum of race: retooling inequality / Elizabeth Cooper -- Africa, Europe, and Asia in the making of the 20th-century Caribbean / Aisha Khan -- The new empire -- Building US hegemony in the Caribbean / Brenda Gayle Plummer -- The American sugar kingdom, 1898-1934 / César J. Ayala -- Culture, labor, and race in the shadow of US capital / Winston James -- Labor protests, rebellions, and the rise of nationalism during depression and war / O. Nigel Bolland -- Toward decolonization: impulses, processes, and consequences since the 1930s / Anne S. Macpherson -- The Caribbean and the cold war: between reform and revolution / David Sheinin -- The Caribbean in the age of globalization -- The long Cuban revolution / Michael Zeuske -- Independence and its aftermath: Suriname, Trinidad, and Jamaica / Anthony P. Maingot -- The colonial persuasion: Puerto Rico and the Dutch and French Antilles / Humberto García Muñiz -- An island in the mirror: the Dominican Republic and Haiti / Pedro L. San Miguel -- Tourism, drugs, offshore finance, and the perils of neoliberal development / Robert Goddard -- Caribbean migrations and diasporas / Christine M. Du Bois

Internationale Studien legen nahe, dass Wirtschaftsverbände in Entwicklungsökonomien als Schnittstelle in der Kommunikation zwischen Staat und privatem Sektor dienen können. Da Russland lange Zeit als treffendes Beispiel für Staats- und Marktversagen galt, liegt der Schwerpunkt dieser Studie auf einer Analyse der gegenwärtigen Rolle der russischen Wirtschaftsverbände und deren Interaktion mit Mitgliedsunternehmen und staatlichen Institutionen. Nach Auswertung von Befragungsdaten, die 2009 in 957 Industrieunternehmen erhoben wurden, zeigt sich, dass große Unternehmen, Unternehmen mit Niederlassungen in regionalen Ballungszentren und Unternehmen, die Investitionen und Innovationen tätigen, häufiger in Wirtschaftsverbänden vertreten sind als Tochtergesellschaften von Großkonzernen und Unternehmen, die sich zu ihren Eigentumsverhältnissen nicht äußern wollten. Die Regressionsanalyse zeigt auch, dass Wirtschaftsverbände Teil dessen sind, was Frye (2002) elite exchange nennt wenngleich dieser Austausch nur auf regionaler und lokaler Ebene stattfindet. Diese exchanges beinhalten, dass die Mitglieder der Wirtschaftsverbände auf der einen Seite aktiver die regionalen und lokalen Institutionen unterstützen und auf der anderen Seite auch häufiger Unterstützung von diesen Institutionen erhalten. Dieser Effekt ist jedoch insignifikant für die gesamtstaatliche Ebene. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Wirtschaftsverbände als Schnittstelle zwischen staatlichen Institutionen und Wirtschaft und somit als mögliches Instrument zur Förderung der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung beitragen können. International lessons from emerging economies suggest that business associations may provide an effective channel of communication between the government and the private sector. This function of business associations may become still more important in transition economies, where old mechanisms for coordinating enterprise activities have been destroyed, while the new ones have not been established yet. In this context, Russian experience is a matter of interest, because for a long time, Russia was regarded as a striking example of state failures and market failures. Consequently, the key point of our study was a description of the role and place of business associations in the presentday Russian economy and their interaction with member companies and bodies of state administration. Relying on the survey data of 957 manufacturing firms conducted in 2009, we found that business associations are more frequently joined by larger companies, firms located in regional capital cities, and firms active in investment and innovation. By contrast, business associations tend to be less frequently joined by business groups subsidiaries and firms that were non-responsive about their respective ownership structures. Our regression analysis has also confirmed that business associations are a component of what Frye (2002) calls an elite exchange although only on regional and local levels. These exchanges imply that members of business associations, on the one hand, more actively assist regional and local authorities in social development of their regions, and on the other hand more often receive support from authorities. However, this effect is insignificant in terms of support from the federal government. In general, our results allow us to believe that at present, business associations (especially the industry-wide and leading ones) consolidate the most active, advanced companies and act as collective representatives of their interests. For this reason, business associations can be regarded as interface units between the authorities and businesses and as a possible instrument for promotion of economic development.

"In 1991, Anita Hill's courageous testimony during the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings sparked a national conversation on sexual harassment and women's equality in politics and the workplace. Today, she turns her attention to another potent and enduring symbol of economic success and equality-the home. Hill details how the current housing crisis, resulting in the devastation of so many families, so many communities, and even whole cities, imperils every American's ability to achieve the American Dream. Hill takes us on a journey that begins with her own family story and ends with the subprime mortgage meltdown. Along the way, she invites us into homes across America, rural and urban, and introduces us to some extraordinary African American women. As slavery ended, Mollie Elliott, Hill's ancestor, found herself with an infant son and no husband. Yet, she bravely set course to define for generations to come what it meant to be a free person of color. On the eve of the civil rights and women's rights movements, Lorraine Hansberry's childhood experience of her family's fight against racial restrictions in a Chicago neighborhood ended tragically for the Hansberry family. Yet, that episode shaped Lorraine's hopeful account of early suburban integration in her iconic American drama A Raisin in the Sun. Two decades later, Marla, a divorced mother, endeavors to keep her children safe from a growing gang presence in 1980s Los Angeles. Her story sheds light on the fears and anxiety countless parents faced during an era of growing neighborhood isolation, and that continue today. In the midst of the 2008 recession, hairdresser Anjanette Booker's dogged determination to keep her Baltimore home and her salon reflects a commitment to her own independence and to her community's economic and social viability. Finally, Hill shares her own journey to a place and a state of being at home that brought her from her roots in rural Oklahoma to suburban Boston, Massachusetts, and connects her own search for home with that of women and men set adrift during the foreclosure crisis. The ability to secure a place that provides access to every opportunity our country has to offer is central to the American Dream. To achieve that ideal, Hill argues, we and our leaders must engage in a new conversation about what it takes to be at home in America. Pointing out that the inclusive democracy our Constitution promises is bigger than the current debate about legal rights, she presents concrete proposals that encourage us to reimagine equality. Hill offers a twenty-first-century vision of America-not a vision of migration, but one of roots; not one simply of tolerance, but one of belonging; not just of rights, but also of community-a community of equals"--Provided by publisher

Verlagsinfo: This work centers on philosophy of history and political economy. Globalization is writ large. Civilizational historicism is a worldview which affirms the reality of social laws. It is an explanatory model which highlights political economy. The eradication of white supremacy globally would enable real emancipation for the black world and parity for African Americans. Civilizational historicism posits race, instead of class, religion or culture, as the key historical construct. Race is conceived as a historical artifact, not a biological hypothesis. Race is a made-in-America potency which determines how African Americans are treated. From the holocaust of black enslavement sprang the oppressive racial interdependence between blacks and whites, past and present. The staged incremental progress African Americans are alleged to have benefited from is, in fact, a contingency-rooted, episodic modernization of second-class citizenship, the kernel of which has remained stable, despite civil rights concessions. Munford has done it again a brilliantly original foray into global history! In an exhaustive overview he tracks human development from early Homo Sapiens to the present, targeting Africa s history of prosperity and creativity, followed by centuries of devastating colonialism. Examining the 400-year-war of Europeans versus Africans (inaccurately known as slave trade ), Munford chronicles the decimation of Africa and theft of its youth to create founding wealth for western capitalism. What is naively viewed as a democratic multiracial America is shown as intentional illusion, a façade lying over white-on-black oppression still central to white privilege and power. Using a distinctive civilizational historicism approach, Munford contributes well to the critical racial paradigm emerging on the edge of social science that seeks to liberate all, and especially African-descent people, from continuing white-maintained oppression termed world history. In the process, he offers deep lessons into what a fully liberated human world could be. Joe R. Feagin Ella C. McFadden Professor of Liberal Arts, Texas A & M University Author, Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression Prof Munford s American Crucible is WEB DuBois Black Reconstruction for our times. Like Black Reconstruction, it breaks new intellectual grounds while exposing the two-headed monster that commands not only the US, but the world: Capitalism and Racism. American Crucible ultimately shows us that the world cannot be straightened out without dealing with this two-headed monster that has set the civilizational norm for the world s people. And it is this rebirth of Black Genius that Munford so passionately calls forth that will be a central force slaying this monster of dehumanizing greed, depravity and antiNature. S. E. Anderson Author, Black Holocaust for Beginners (Writers and Readers) Adjunct Professor at Brooklyn College School of Education Brooklyn, NY.

Introduction -- The tyranny of capital's time imperative -- The time of the individuals and the time of humanity -- Human beings reduced to "time's carcase" -- The loss of historical time consciousness -- Free time and emancipation -- The uncontrollability and destructiveness of globalizing capital -- The extraction of surplus labour -- In capital's "organic system" -- Unreformability, uncontrollability and destructiveness -- The system's threefold internal fracture -- Capital's failure to create its global state formation -- Chronic insufficiency of "extraneous help" by the state -- Marxism, the capital system and social revolution -- The global view of capital -- Historical limits of the labour theory of value -- Ongoing proletarianization and its wishful denials -- The necessary renewal of Marxian conceptions -- The objective possibility of socialism? -- Political and social revolution -- Downward equalization of the differential rate of exploitation -- Socialism or barbarism: -- From the "American century" to the crossroads -- Foreword -- Capital - the living contradiction -- The potentially deadliest phase of imperialism -- Historical challenges facing the socialist movement -- Conclusion -- Postscript: militarism and the coming wars -- Unemployment and "flexible casualization" -- The globalization of unemployment -- The myth of flexibility and the reality of precarization -- From the tyranny of necessary labour time to emancipation through disposable time -- Economic theory and politics-beyond capital -- Alternative economic approaches -- The need for comprehensive planning -- Capital's hierarchical command structure -- From predictions based on "economic laws working behind the backs of the individuals" to anticipations of a controllable future -- Objective preconditions for the creation of non-deterministic economic theory -- Socialist accountancy and emancipatory politics -- The challenge of sustainable development and the culture of substantive equality -- Farewell to "liberty-fraternity-equality" -- The failure of "modernization and development" -- Structural domination and the culture of substantive inequality -- Education-beyond capital -- The incorrigibility of capital's logic and its impact on education -- Remedies cannot be just formal; they must be essential -- "Learning is our very life, from youth to old age" -- Education as the "positive transcendence of labour's self-alienation" -- Socialism in the twenty-first century -- Irreversibility: the imperative of a sustainable alternative order -- Participation: the progressive transfer of decision-making to the associated producers -- Substantive equality: the absolute condition of sustainability -- Planning: the necessity to overcome capital's abuse of time -- Qualitative growth in utilization: The only viable economy -- The national and the international: Their dialectical complementarity in our time -- Alternative to parliamentarism: unifying the material reproductive and the political sphere -- Education: the ongoing development of socialist consciousness -- Why socialism? Historical time -- And the actuality of radical change -- Conflicting determinations of time -- Why capitalist globalization cannot work? -- The structural crisis of politics -- New challenges on our horizon and the urgency of time -- Notes -- Index

Introduction: Deadly serious business -- Understanding the enemy -- Lesson 1. The great human questions, including the great questions of public life, are ultimately theological -- Lesson 2. To speak of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as the three Abrahamic faiths, the three religions of the Book, or the three monotheisms obscures rather than illuminates. These familiar tropes ought to be retired -- Lesson 3. Jihadism is the enemy in the multi-front war that has been declared upon us -- Lesson 4. Jihadism has a complex intellectual history, the chief points of which must be grasped in order to understand the nature of the threat jihadism poses to the West -- Lesson 5. Jihadists read history and politics through the prism of their distinctive theological convictions, not through the lens of Western assumptions about the progressive dynamic of history -- Lesson 6. It is not "Islamophobic" to note the historical connection between conquest and Muslim expansion, or between contemporary jihadism and terrorism. Truth-telling is the essential pre-requisite to genuine inter-religious dialogue, which can only be based on the claims of reason -- Lesson 7. The war against jihadism is a contest for the human future that will endure for generations -- Rethinking realism -- Lesson 8. Genuine realism in foreign policy takes wickedness seriously, yet avoids premature closure in its thinking about the possibilities of positive change in world politics -- Lesson 9. In the war against jihadism, the political objective in the Middle East and throughout the Islamic world is the evolution of responsible and responsive government, which will take different forms given different historical and cultural circumstances -- Lesson 10. In the war against global jihadism, deterrence strategies are unlikely to be effective, because it is almost impossible to deter those who are committed to their own martyrdom -- Deserving victory -- Lesson 11. Cultural self-confidence is indispensable to victory in the long-term struggle against jihadism -- Lesson 12. Islamist salami tactics must be resisted, for small concessions in the name of a false idea of tolerance inevitably lead to further concessions, and then to further erosions of liberty and security -- Lesson 13. We cannot, and will not, deserve victory (much less achieve it) if we continue to finance those who attack us. Therefore, a program to de-fund jihadism, by developing alternatives to petroleum-based transportation fuels, is a crucial component of the current struggle -- Lesson 14. Victory in the war against global jihadism requires a new domestic political coalition that is proof against the confusions caused by the Unhinged Left and the Unhinged right -- Lesson 15. There is no escape from U.S. leadership

1. The water we drink: Natural water. Water and the public health -- 2. Water pollution: Human waste and pollution. Industrial pollution. Wastewater control and treatment. Nonpoint sources of water pollution. Pollution sources and water quality -- 3. Water protection: The basics of water supply. Basic water treatment. Beyond basic water treatment. An issue of equality. Chemical monitoring and warnings for regulated pollutants. The National drinking water contaminant occurrence database. Unregulated pollutants and monitoring regulations. Setting new drinking water standards. Why consumers should be concerned. Approaches to mitigate chemical exposure. Water pollution and risk -- 4. Living with the risk of polluted water: The burden of proof. Permissible pollution. The dose makes the poison. Basic concepts of dose. Mechanism of toxicity. Biotransformation and detoxification. Toxicity and defining standards. Timing is everything. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Pharmaceutical pollutants. Pharmaceuticals detected in the environment. Living with risk. Population, pollution, risk, and precaution. The risk assessment process -- 5. Managing risk and drinking water quality: Learning from the past and present. Risk and economics. An alternative approach. Consumer-based protection. Potential action by the water industry. Potential governmental actions. An alternative risk management program -- Appendices: 1-1. Average elemental abundance in the earth's crust -- 1-2. Chemical compounds with established water quality criteria--1952 -- 1-3. USEPA national recommended water quality criteria for freshwater and human consumption of water + organism: 2002 -- 2-1. Dow industrial chemicals, solvents and dyes in 1938 -- 2-2. USEPA list of priority pollutants -- 2-3. Summary of surface water data -- 2-4. Summary of shallow groundwater data -- 2-5. Organic chemicals found in landfill leachate and gas -- 2-6. Unregulated pollutants discharged to or identified in water resources -- 2-7. Chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity -- 2-8. Regulated pesticides in food with residue tolerances -- 2-9. Comparison of chemicals required to be monitored in groundwater by RCRA -- 3-1. General drinking water monitoring and warning requirements (as of 2002) -- 3-2. National drinking water contaminant occurrence database: data on primary water quality standards (May 18, 2001) -- 3-3. National drinking water contaminant occurrence database: data on unregulated compounds -- 3-4. Examples of bottled mineral water chemistry -- 3-5. Examples of bottled water chemistry -- 3-6. Trace element analysis of mineral waters (ppb) that appear in either appendix 3-4 or appendix 3-5 -- 4-1. Glossary of terms adapted from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (1993) -- 4-2. Chemical examples on the toxicology of drinking water standards -- 4-3. Suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals -- 4-4. U.S. Geological Survey target compounds, national reconnaissance of emerging contaminants in U.S. streams (2000)

How economists see the environment / Don Fullerton and Robert N. Stavins -- The tragedy of the commons / Garrett Hardin -- The problem of social cost / Ronald Coase -- Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing : what does the evidence tell us? / Adam B. Jaffe ... [et al.] -- Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship / Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde -- Tightening environmental standards : the benefit-cost or the no-cost paradigm? / Karen Palmer, Wallace E. Oates and Paul R. Portney -- The contingent valuation debate : why economists should care / Paul R. Portney -- Valuing the environment through contingent valuation / W. Michael Hanemann -- Contingent valuation : is some number better than no number? / Peter A. Diamond and Jerry A. Hausman -- Contingent valuation and lost passive use : damages from the Exxon Valdez oil spill / Richard T. Carson ... [et al.] -- The value of life in legal contexts : survey and critique / W. Kip Viscusi -- Is there a role for benefit-cost analysis in environmental, health, and safety regulation? / Kenneth J. Arrow ... [et al.] -- An eye on the future / Lawrence H. Goulder and Robert N. Stavins -- Cost-benefit analysis : an ethical critique / Steven Kelman -- Replies to Steven Kelman / James V. DeLong, Robert M. Solow, Gerard Butters, John Calfee, Pauline Ippolito -- Economic instruments for environmental regulation / Tom H. Tietenberg -- Environmental policy making in a second-best setting / Lawrence H. Goulder -- What can we learn from the grand policy experiment? : lessons from SO2 allowance trading / Robert N. Stavins -- It's immoral to buy the right to pollute / Michael J. Sandel -- Replies to Michael Sandel / Steven Shavell, Robert N. Stavins, Sanford E. Gaines, Eric S. Maskin -- The environment and globalization / Jeffrey A. Frankel -- Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve / Susmita Dasgupta ... [et al.] -- Creating incentives for international cooperation : strategic choices / Scott Barrett -- Reflections on the economics of climate change / William D. Nordhaus -- The cost of combating global warming : facing the tradeoffs / Thomas C. Schelling -- Kyoto's unfinished business / Henry D. Jacoby, Ronald G. Prinn and Richard Schmalensee -- The role of economics in climate change policy / Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen -- Sustainability : an economist's perspective / Robert M. Solow -- Economics of the Endangered Species Act / Gardner M. Brown, Jr. and Jason F. Shogren -- Conflicts and choices in biodiversity preservation / Andrew Metrick and Martin L. Weitzman -- The choice of regulatory instruments in environmental policy / Nathaniel O. Keohane, Richard L. Revesz and Robert N. Stavins -- Environmental policy since Earth Day I : what have we gained? / A. Myrick Freeman III -- Environmental regulation in the 1990s : a retrospective analysis / Robert W. Hahn, Sheila M. Olmstead and Robert N. Stavins -- The impact of economics on environmental policy / Robert W. Hahn

Machine generated contents note: PART I DEVELOPMENT POLICY -- 2 The history of development policy 15 -- Richard Jolly -- Section A Economic Policy -- 3 Globalization and development policy 25 -- S. Mansoob Murshed -- 4 Economic planning: theory, practice and experiences 32 -- Anis Chowdhury -- 5 Structural adjustment 42 -- Tony Addison -- 6 Structural adjustment and Sub-Saharan Africa 51 -- Peter Lawrence -- 7 Trade liberalization 60 -- Oliver Morrissey -- 8 Industrialization and industrial policy 68 -- Frederick Nixson -- 9 Agricultural development policy 78 -- David Colman -- 10 International finance for development 86 -- Jane Harrigan -- 11 Competition and its regulation in developing countries 94 -- Paul Cook -- 12 Distribution, poverty and economic growth 104 -- Andrew McKay -- 13 Employment and labour market policies in an era of structural -- adjustment 112 -- Rolph van der Hoeven and Lance Taylor -- 14 Privatization 121 -- Colin Kirkpatrick -- 15 Financial sector policies 133 -- Martin Brownbridge -- Section B Social Policy -- 16 Education and public policy 145 -- Christopher Colclough -- 17 Health and nutrition policies in development 156 -- Prakash Shetty -- 18 Gender and development 163 -- Ruth Pearson -- 19 Microfinance 173 -- James Roth -- 20 Social protection 182 -- Lauchlan T. Munro -- 21 Population and development: from population control to -- reproductive health 193 -- Jocelyn DeJong -- 22 Urbanization 204 -- Philip Amis -- Section C Environment Policy -- 23 Environment, biodiversity and sustainable development: -- international issues 213 -- Katrina Brown -- 24 Environmental assessment and management 221 -- Clive George -- PART II DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION -- AND PRACTICE -- 25 From development administration to development -- management: an overview 235 -- 0. P. Dwivedi -- Section A The Political Context -- 26 Aid and good governance 249 -- Mark Robinson -- 27 Democratization 260 -- Charles Polidano -- 28 Complex political emergencies 269 -- Jonathan Goodhand -- 29 Poverty reduction and the national policy process 279 -- David Booth -- Section B Public Sector Management -- 30 Bureaucracy and administrative reform in developing countries 291 -- Moses N. Kiggundu -- 31 The new public management in developing countries 303 -- Nick Manning -- 32 Agencification 315 -- Jan Kees van Donge -- 33 Capacity building 323 -- Mary E. Hilderbrand -- 34 Controlling corruption 333 -- Jon S. T Quah -- 35 Human resource management: the challenge of adaptation 342 -- Willy McCourt -- 36 Financial management 349 -- A. Premchand -- Section C Managing Outside the Central State -- 37 Civil society and its role in development 363 -- Ron Clarke -- 38 The rise of non-governmental organizations: issues in -- development management 372 -- David Lewis -- 39 Public-private partnerships 381 -- Dennis Rondinelli -- 40 Decentralization 389 -- Brian Smith -- 41 Community participation and decision making 400 -- Paul Francis -- Section D Managing at the Project Level -- 42 Project appraisal and evaluation: recent developments 411 -- John Weiss -- 43 Planning and managing development projects 421 -- Richard Bond

An 'ever closer union' in need of a human rights policy: the European Union and human rights / Philip Alston and J.H.H. Weiler -- Is there a European approach to human rights? / Charles Leben -- The effect of rights on political culture / Martti Koskenniemi -- The legacies of injustice and fear: a European approach to human rights and their effects on political culture / Klaus G(c)ơnther -- A human rights policy for the European Community and Union: the question of competences / J.H.H. Weiler and S.C. Fries -- Human rights and the third pillar / Steve Peers -- Access to justice as a human right: the European Convention and European Union / Carol Harlow -- Gender equality in the EU: a balance sheet / Catherine Barnard -- The human rights of people with disabilities under EU law / Gerard Quinn -- The internal and external 'other' in the Union legal order: racism, religious intolerance and xenophobia in Europe / Conor A. Gearty -- Non-Communitarians: refugee and asylum policies / Gregor Noll and Jens Vedsted-Hansen -- The quest for a consistent set of rules governing the status of non-Community nationals / Blanca Vil(c)Ł Costa -- Striking the elusive balance between economic freedom and social rights in the EU / Miguel Poiares Maduro -- From Strasbourg to Amsterdam: prospects for the convergence of European social rights policy / Silvana Sciarra -- Human rights and European identity: the debate about European citizenship / Ulf Bernitz and Hedvig Lokrantz Bernitz -- The future of environmental rights in the European Union / Pavlos Z. Eleftheriadis -- Holding multinational corporations accountable for human rights abuses: a challenge for the EC / Menno T. Kamminga -- Human rights considerations in the development co-operation activities of the EC / Bruno Simma, Jo Beatrix Aschenbrenner, and Constanze Schulte -- Where is the EU's human rights common foreign policy, and how is it manifested in multilateral fora? / Andrew Clapham -- Human rights 'conditionality' in relation to entry to, and full participation in, the EU / Manfred Nowak -- Trade preferences and human rights / Barbara Bandtner and Allan Rosas -- Human rights clauses in external agreements of the EC / Eibe Riedel and Martin Will -- Human rights case law in the Strasbourg and Luxembourg courts: conflicts, inconsistencies, and complementarities / Dean Spielmann -- New instruments and institutions for enhancing the protection of human rights in Europe? / Giorgio Gaja -- The role of the European Parliament: past and future / Reinhard Rack and Stefan Lausegger -- Reflections on the human rights role of the European Parliament / Kieran St C. Bradley -- The past and future role of the European Court of Justice in the protection of human rights / Bruno de Witte -- Human rights and civil society / Emmanuel Decaux -- Annex: Leading by example: a human rights agenda for the European Union for the year 2000

Foreword : translating violence: reflections after Ayodhya /rMeena Alexander -- Lament to the spirit of war (Sumerian poem) / Enheduanna (Sumeria, 2300 B.C.) -- To Waris Shah (Punjabi poem) / Amrita Pritam (India, 1948) -- Intimations of anxiety (Arabic poem) / Laila al-Saih (Palestine, 1984) -- On the road to Solomon's pools (Arabic short story) / Samira Azzam (Palestine, 1960) -- Where is my mother? (Hindi short story) / Krishna Sobti --tBlackout : Calcutta 1971 (English poem) / Chitra Divakaruni -- Do you remember the color of the sea at Dair Yasin? (Arabic poem) / Siham Daud (Palestine, 1978) -- Night patrol (an Israeli soldier on the West Bank) (English poem) / Hanan Mikhail Ashrawi -- Beirut nightmares (Arabic novel) / Ghada Samman -- No man's land (English poem) / Meena Alexander (India, 1989-1900) -- One cannot kill a baby twice / Dahlia Ravikovitch (Israel, 1982) --tAuschwitz from Colombo (English poem) / Anne Ranasinghe -- Our daily bread (Arabic short story) / Emily Nasrallah (Lebanon, 1990) -- Genocide (English poem) /rJean Arasanayagam (Sri Lanka, 1970) -- Colossus (Malayalam poem) / B. Sugathakumari (India, 1940s) -- A new wait (Arabic short story) / Aliya Shuaib (Kuwait, 1992) -- Meditation of Mahakali (Indian Sanskrit hymn to the Goddess) -- For her brother (Arabian poem) / Al-Khansa (sixth century C.E.) -- Indigo (Bengal: 1779-1860) (English poem) / Chitra Divakaruni (India, 1987) -- From Inner recesses outer spaces (English memoirs) / Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (India, 1986) -- From memoirs of an unrealistic woman (Arabic novel) / Sahar Khalifa (Wst Bank, Israel, 1986) -- From Farewell communism "Long live Jewish-Arab friendship!" (Hebrew memoirs) / Nessia Shafran (Israel, 1981) -- Where Did She Belong? (Urdu short story) / Suraiya Qasim (India, 1960s) -- Two faces, one woman (Arabic short story) / Nuha Samara (Palestine/Lebanon, 1980) -- Draupadi (Bengali short story) / Mahasweta Devi (India, 1978) -- A short hike (Farsi short story) / A. Rahmani (Iran, 1981) -- The future (Arabic short story) / Daisy al-Amir (Iraq, 1980) -- Testimony (Pushto) / Anonymous Afghan woman (Afghanistan, 1987) -- The morning after (Hindi short story) / Mridula Garg (India, 1988) -- Interview with Nand Kaur Singh : Gadar Indian nationalist poetry in America (Punjabi and English interview, songs, and poems) / Jane Singh -- From Of blood and Fire (Bengali diary) / Jahanara Imam (Bangladesh, 1989) -- Greening (Arabic short story) / Aliya Talib (Iraq, 1988) -- Iremember I was a point, I was a circle (Arabic poem) / Huda Naamani (Syria, 1980) -- The gull and the negation of the negation (Arabic poem) / Fadwa Tuqan (West Bank, Israel, 1987) -- The sound of leaves (Bengali poem) / Razia Hussain (Bangladesh, 1970s) -- After the storm (English short story) /rAttia Hosain (India, 1953) -- Tears of joy (Pushto short story) / Shukria Raad (Afghanistan, 1989) -- Two hands (Urdu short story) / Ismat Chugtai (India, 1960s) -- Aboud's drawings (Farsi short story) / Ghodsi Ghazinur (Iran, 1981) -- The peace game (English poem) / Yasmine Gooneratne (Sri Landa, 1970s)-- Song of becoming (Arabic poem) / Fadwa Tuqan (West Bank, Israel, 1969)

Is nationalism beneficial?: Nationalism: an overview / Peter Alter -- Nationalism can be beneficial: Nationalism can be beneficial / Lynne Jones -- Nationalism is vital to democracy / Ghia Nodia -- Nationalism sustains cultural diversity / Isaiah Berlin, interviewed by Nathan Gardels -- Nationalism drives self-determination movements / Julius Jacobson -- Liberal nationalism can benefit ethnic groups / Yael Tamir -- Nationalism can be harmful: Nationalism impedes progress / Ernest Erber -- Nationalism threatens peace in Europe / Daniel Singer -- Nationalism oppresses working classes / New Unionist -- Radical nationalism promotes anti-semitism / Robert S. Wistrich -- Fascist nationalism incites violence against immigrants / Steve Vogel -- Is ethnic violence ever justified?: Yes: ethnic violence is justified: Ethnic warfare in the former Yugoslavia protects Serbs / Momcilo Selic -- Bosnian Muslims have the right to use violence / Muhamed Sacirbey -- Violence against Israel is justified to free Palestine / Ibrahim Ghawshah, interviewed by KEYHAN -- Violence by the Irish Republican Army is justified / Anonymous, interviewed by Morgan Strong -- Violence is justified to protect the purity of the white race / David Lane -- No: ethnic conflict is not justified: Serbs have committed heinous war crimes / Lawrence S. Eagleburger -- Mass rapes committed by Serbs are war crimes / Manuela Dobos -- Violence in the Arab world is unjustified cruelty / Kanan Makiya -- Terrorism by the Irish Republican Army is not justified / Herb Greer -- German neo-Nazi assaults against immigrants must end / Revolutionary Communist Party, USA -- Hindu violence against Muslims is barbaric / Vibhuti Patel -- What are the causes of ethnic conflict?: Ethnic conflict: an overview / Robin Wright -- Nationalism causes ethnic conflict / Jay Stuller -- Religious radicalism causes ethnic conflict / Mark Juergensmeyer -- Economic prejudice causes ethnic conflict / Thomas Sowell -- Political exploitation of ethnicity causes conflict / Sonia Shah -- Political crises intensify ethnic conflict / Stephen Ryan -- Should nations intervene in ethnic conflicts?: Case study: the Balkans: Intervention in the Balkans: an overview / Friends Committee on National Legislation -- Nations should intervene in the Balkans: NATO should intervene in the Balkans / Paul C. Warnke -- Use military force to partition Bosnia / John J. Mearsheimer and Robert A. Pape -- United Nations and NATO should intervene in Kosovo / Bujar Bukoshi -- Limited military intervention in Bosnia may be necessary / John Roach -- Nations should not intervene in the Balkans: Do not intervene against the Serbs / Murray N. Rothbard -- America's military should not intervene in the Balkans / John McCain, interviewed by Major Garrett -- Foreign military intervention would fail / Misha Glenny -- How can ethnic conflict be prevented?: Collective security can prevent ethnic conflict / Madeleine K. Albright -- Disarmament can prevent ethnic conflict / Michael Renner -- Democracy can prevent ethnic conflict / Benjamin R. Barber -- Empowering ethnic groups can prevent ethnic conflict / Jack D. Forbes -- Intergroup dialogue can prevent ethnic conflict / Harold H. Saunders -- Ethnic conflicts around the world

1. Literacy group areas : the effect of apartheid on English literature in the Western Cape / Ursula A. Barnett. - 1986. - 18 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 16-18.; 2. Cape Town's dominant class and the search for order 1891 to 1902 / V. Bickford-Smith. - 1986. - 44 S.; 3. Class control and racism : a proposed public health amendment to the Municipal Ordinance, Cape Town 1914 / Erica Boddington. - 1986. - 19 S. : 1 Tab., Lit.Hinw. S.17-19.; 4. Street sociology and pavement politics : some aspects of the 1985 school crisis in the Western Cape / C. Bundy. - 1986. - 22,5 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 1-5.; 5. The mediation of family break-up in Cape Town / Sandra Burman (u.a.). - 1986. - 64 S. - Lit. S. 59-64.; 6. Cape Towncouncil : policy analysis / C. Cameron. - 1986. - 70 S. : 2 graph. Darst., Lit. S. 67-70, Lit.Hinw. S. 57-66.; 7. The rhetoric and reality of local government reform / R. C. Cameron. - 1986. - 28 S. : Lit. S. 26-28.; 8. Crossroads : from popular resistance to mini-Bantustan / Josette G. Cole. - 1986. - 43 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. (44-52), Lit. S. (53-56).; 9. Trends and future development in the Western Cape : patterns and predictions in the area of health ; physical disability / Peter Disler. - 1986. - 26 S. : Lit. S. (27-28).; 10. The African in Simon's town : a socio-historical study 1816-1950 / Christine M. Elias. - 1986. - 47 S. : Lit. S. 46-47.; 11. Towards a new unionism? : labour reforms and Cape print workers in the 1980's / J. Ewert. - 1986. - 35,6 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 1-6.; 12. Women at work : machines or human beings? / Pat Fahrenfort. - 1986. - 29 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 29.; 13. Shopfloor politics in the Western Cape textile industry : "Pushing back the frontiers of control" ; (A case study of a textile factory in the Bellville area) / Shaun Field (u.a.). - 1986. - 31 S. : Lit. S. 30-31.; 14. Whither Western Cape urbanization / R. Gentke (u.a.). - 1986. - 20 S. : Tab. , Kt. , Lit. S. 18.; 15. The struggle for the Tramway Union 1930-1945 / Chris Giffard. - 1986. - 32 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 30-32.; 16. Farmers and politics : the Stellenbosch District Bank and the rise of the Western Cape Afrikaner Establishment, 1880-1910 / H. Giliomee. - 1986. - S. 5-29 : Lit.Hinw. S. 26-29.; 17. The illegal housing market in Crossroads / C. A. Glover. - 1986. - 25 S. : Lit. S. 25.; 18. The great Wolseley strike : struggle and strikes in the cannery / R. Goode. - 1986. - 49,IX S. : Lit.Hinw. S. I-IX.; 20. Resistance and rebellion in Greater Cape Town, 1985 / Martin Hall. - 1986. - 35 S. : Lit.Hinw. S. 30-35

The date of 31 January 2018 marked the adoption in Hong Kong of a three-phased law banning trading in elephant ivory that will come into full effect on 31 December 2021. This follows the decision of mainland China outlawing this practice from 31 December 2017. These new ordinances, which derive from an international convention (CITES), are particularly adapted to these places as they represent (with Japan) the world's principal destination of ivory, both legal and illegal, and have done so since the 1950s. This trade, and especially its illegal strand, threatens the survival of Africa's elephants, whose ivory is regarded as precious. In Hong Kong, the movement of ivory is regularly in the news. July 2017 recorded the largest seizure of illegal ivory in the past 30 years (7.2tonnes). Early 2018 was also noteworthy on account of two events: on the one hand, the resignation of a member of the governmental consultative committee on endangered species (who is also an ivory trader), who had been selling illegal ivory, thus lending a whiff a scandal to the legislative process; and on the other hand, the killing in Nairobi of Esmond Bradley Martin, one of the leading experts on the trafficking of ivory. These national and international events, together with scientific studies and various other reports, have been part of the context of legislative reform in Hong Kong. They are an indication of the complex nature of the issues involved, as can be seen in the stormy legislative debates brought about by competing interests. Quite a number of local newspaper articles (in English and Chinese alike), as well as the (English-language) press in mainland China,have covered this reform by exposing the tensions, divergent points of view, and arguments of the protagonists. It might still appear, however, that there has been little discussion of certain points. The present article will highlight, through an analysis of the media's treatment of the legislative reform process in Hong Kong, the political issues at stake in this ban, and in particular the grey areas of the public debate. It tries to break with the dichotomy "for" or "against" that are often typical of debates on the extinction of these emblematic mammals. In this press review I undertake a detailed analysis of local newspaper articles, essentially those of the English-language press. Of the 41 articles examined, I selected 21 on the basis of their relevance to legislative reform in Hong Kong and the diversity of their content. ...These articles were published between 2015 and July 2018, that is, from the announcement of the reform until its initial implementation. This article will refer to the timeline of the reform with respect to several key moments and questions that require particular attention. (China Perspect/GIGA)

The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the top ten most invasive aquatic plant species in the world. Due to its worldwide distribution, the plant has caused tremendous damage on ecosystems and human livelihoods alike. These negative impacts are especially problematic for developing countries such as Madagascar. Considering the weak economic situation of the country, using water hyacinth to generate economic profits remains the last option to manage the species. We investigated the use of water hyacinth at Lake Alaotra, the largest lake in the country. This lake and the surrounding area are of great ecological and economic relevance for Madagascar. However, the isolation of the region and poverty limit water hyacinth use only to alternatives suitable to the weak local infrastructure. The goal of this research is firstly to identify suitable water hyacinth use options according to the local conditions and to compare them with the locally used raw materials. The first part of this research identified drivers and barriers for using water hyacinth in the region according to the prevailing socioeconomic conditions. It identified especially the use of water hyacinth as raw material for fertilizers and handicrafts as suitable alternatives for Lake Alaotra. Within the second phase, water hyacinth handicrafts were produced and compared with the predominantly used traditional papyrus handicrafts regarding production path and related costs. It was found that assembling water hyacinth handicrafts was easier and faster and they could be sold at three times the sale prices of the traditional papyrus handicrafts. Within the last part, fertilizers based on water hyacinth (composts, green manure and ash) were locally produced and compared with the commonly used agricultural fertilizers NPK and cow dung. This was done by conducting a growth experiment with Chinese cabbage, a common fast-growing vegetable in the region. Additionally, the production and transportation costs of each type of fertilizer were also taken into account. The results showed high biomass gain of cabbage grown with water hyacinth composts which was also proved be cheaper than using NPK and cow dung. All in all, this research demonstrated the efficiency of water hyacinth use as compost and handicraft as a new source of income for the Alaotra region. However, the poverty and high vulnerability of the local population must be considered along the process for a successful implementation of water hyacinth use at Lake Alaotra. A participatory approach and by offering financial insurance to the farmers during the implementation phase could encourage them to test water hyacinth compost on their own fields. Due to the various external factors influencing the marketing of water hyacinth handicrafts, an intensive and sustained supervision should be provided to the craftswomen.