Suchergebnisse

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions.The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county.The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206).Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services.In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels.The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well. ; Straipsnyje pristatomas naujų viešųjų paslaugų teikimo būdų ir kanalų galimybių tyrimas ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose. Prie naujų paslaugų teikimo būdų priskyrus tuos, kuriuose derinami tiesioginis ir netiesioginis paslaugų teikimo kanalai, analizuojama tokių paslaugų situacija Lietuvoje ir kitose ES valstybėse. Pasitelkus kokybinio tyrimo strategiją, išsiaiškinti pagrindiniai procesus skatinantys ir juos stabdantys veiksniai.

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county. The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206). Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services. In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels. The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: 1. Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. 2. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. 3. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. 4. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. 5. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. 6. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well.

A smart society starts from pre-school age. Aiming to implement the National Education Strategy for 2013–2022, the considerable attention is paid to the involvement of children into pre-school education, where their individual skills would be more actively disclosed. It is therefore essential to develop alternatives within education system, which would be accessible, attractive and valuable to those groups of society that are currently not sufficiently enough involved into education. Considering that the economic well-being of the Republic of Lithuania is growing and the employment is increasing, the requirements for the quality and availability of public services are increasing in the society, it is worth to be mentioned that Lithuanian society also expects more accessibility and quality of services in pre-school education institutions. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of new ways and channels of delivering public service in pre-school education institutions. Having conducted the content analysis of scientific literature and synthesis of ideas substantiated with scientific analysis as well as having conducted qualitative research in pre-school education institutions of Mažeikiai County Municipality, the research is based on the case of Mažeikiai county. The selection of the research object – public services in pre-school education institutions and their delivery ways and channels – is based on the aim of education policy to increase the accessibility, repeatability, individualization of services for early education as well as the increasing interest in modern ways of service delivery in Lithuania, by combining direct and indirect service delivery channels. In the second decade of the 21st century, scientists' attention paid to the personalization and particularity of the service is increasing, as the user's needs and the supplier's possibilities are growing. Innovative technical channels and a whole set of instruments are increasingly being used to personalize services (A. Patapas, V. Vilutytė-Žilienė, 2013, pp. 312–325; A. Jonas, 2016, p. 206). Services are often available through several different distribution channels, which, according to L. Bagdonienė et al. (2004), are understood as the chains of entities (individuals and organizations) involved in the delivery of services and performing specific functions. There are two types of service delivery channels – direct and indirect (through intermediaries) – distinguished by authors, and on the basis of the latest scientific literature, we have included one more channel, when both channels are combined. Direct service delivery may be provided at the provider's institution or in the consumer's location, or some services may be provided at either location. Meanwhile, the indirect service channel can take many forms, whose structures are rapidly changing and they are increasingly complex, with active use of e-services, m-services and smart services. In Lithuania,10-15 years ago, direct education services included all educational services (education and care, educational assistance, parent education, etc.) and most of social services (nutrition, health care, social and psychological assistance, ensuring of physical, social and emotional security, family support, etc.). Today, we are talking about combining these channels and the increasing involvement of stakeholders and social partners into service delivery. In this way, modern service delivery channels could be: 1) alternative to the traditional channel (direct service delivery at the provider's institution or at the recipient's home) when digital technologies are used, according to the provider's choice or the recipient's choice, 2) chains and networks created by inter-institutional co-operation and partnership, when educational and social services are delivered both directly (recreational services for children and family, temporary education and care, child care centres, babysitting services, social and psychological assistance in pre-school education institution or at home, etc.) and indirectly (e-communication with parents, informing about health, social support from local authorities, issues on children's rights, supply of extracurricular activities, involvement in local community activities, etc.), usually by coordinating delivery channels. The analysis of the material collected during the semi-structured interview (six heads of pre-school education institutions in Mažeikiai county and one specialist from education department who works with kindergartens were interviewed) allowed to distinguish the following particularities and perspectives of the delivery of modern pre-school education services: 1. Delayed political decisions are among the external factors that hinder the increased use of modern services and delivery channels. The process is promoted by opportunities created by information technology and migration, as emigrants returning to Lithuania want new, more diverse services for their children. 2. Of the internal factors that influence the development of modern services, the competence of the staff of pre-school education institution is the most significant. At present, it is of paramount importance in educational services, without avoiding to introduce alternative educational programs. There is active learning to ensure the social and emotional safety of children, but there is the lack of deeper understanding and readiness to provide family support services and work with at-risk families. 3. Inter-institutional cooperation is important in service supply chain. It has increased in providing educational, physical, emotional security services for a child; there is the lack of active social interaction with other institutions in providing family support and social security services. 4. Through the combination of direct and indirect service delivery channels, the use of digital technologies is important, and informants see their potential in increasing access to services, increasing diversity of services, reducing the disparity in service availability between urban and rural areas, and creating new quality of education. 5. In Lithuania, it has not been prepared so far for the model of pre-school education at home and family support, and during the transitional period there would be an approval for mobile kindergarten groups. 6. Nanny service, as an alternative service to early childhood education, is provided only in exceptional situations, and it would be viable in the cities and its funding should be complex; the pedagogical and value competence of a nanny is important as well.

Informacinės visuomenės raidoje pastebimi nauji pokyčiai, keičiantys viešųjų paslaugų teikimo galimybes ir kokybę. Atsiranda naujos valdymo formos, grindžiamos šiuolaikinėmis informacinėmis ir komunikacinėmis technologijomis. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos viešojo administravimo sektoriaus paslaugų modernizavimo galimybės, priklausančios nuo šiuolaikinių informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų. Analizuojami viešojo administravimo paslaugų automatizavimo modeliai, nagrinėjamiklausimai, susiję su šiuolaikinių informacinių technologijų įtaka viešojo administravimo sektoriaus veiklai. Analizuojamos viešojo administravimo sistemos vykdymo funkcijos.Analysis of providing the electronic public service examplesDalė Dzemydienė, Ramutė Naujikienė
SummaryThe information technologies and information representation methods play an important role in the development of the eServices applications for public administration. The main problems of public service development in administration sector are analysed using information and communication technologies in this paper. The models of reviewing the applications for public sector are designed using unified modelling language.

Diskusijoje apie socialinių paslaugų kokybę ir standartus dalyvavo specialistai iš SADM, socialinės paramos skyrių, VTAT, socialinės globos įstaigų. Diskusijos objektas buvo socialinių paslaugų standartų paskirtis ir turinys, jų įgyvendinimo būdai ir kontrolė.

Straipsnyje pristatomi socialinių paslaugų kokybę lemiantys veiksniai. Išskiriami du socialinių paslaugų sistemos raidos etapai. Pirmasis etapas apima laikotarpį nuo 1990 iki 1998. Tai buvo kiekybinis socialinių paslaugų teikimo plėtros šuolis. Nuo 1998 metų prasidėjo antrasis socialinių paslaugų plėtojimo etapas – nuo kiekybinės plėtros pereinama prie kokybinės. Autorė pristato socialinių paslaugų kokybės vertinimo iššūkius ir kokybės vertinimo būdus. Galiausiai aptariami kokybės užtikrinimo būdai.

Straipsnyje aptariama socialinių paslaugų plėtojimo Lietuvoje aspektai ir siūlomos tolesnės vystymo kryptys. Šalyje ilgą laiko tarpą vyravo stacionarus paslaugų teikimo būdas. Alternatyvios paslaugų rūšys, tokios kaip dienos globos paslaugos, laikina vaikų globa ar laikino gyvenimo namai yra naujos tiek paslaugų vartotojams, tiek paslaugų teikėjams bei organizatoriams. Atskirose savivaldybėse išryškėja dideli išlaidų socialinėms paslaugoms skirtumai. Daugelis savivaldybių, planuodamos paslaugas, stacionariai globai skiria daugiau kaip 60 proc. visų socialinėms paslaugoms skirtų lėšų. Daugiausia stacionarių įstaigų yra vaikams. Reikia esminių vaikų globos organizavimo pokyčių: iki minimumo mažinti vaikų, gyvenančių stacionariose globos įstaigose, skaičių ir teikti alternatyvias stacionariai globai paslaugas ne tik jiems, bet ir jų šeimoms. 1999 m. pagalbos namuose paslaugas gavo daugiau kaip 7 tūkst. žmonių. Pagalbos namuose teikimo rodikliai rodo, kad šią paslaugų rūšį reikia plėtoti ir stiprinti. Savivaldybių veiklos rodikliai rodo, kad stacionarioms paslaugoms skiriamų lėšų dalis kasmet didėja. Ministerijai pateikti partnerystės su savivaldybėmis sutarčių duomenys rodo, kad dienos centruose apskaita yra tvarkoma labai skirtingai, todėl šiandien sunku lyginti centrų veiklą,kartu pasakyti, kiek gyventojų naudojasi dienos centrų paslaugomis. Pagrindinės kryptys, kuriomis turi būti plėtojama paslaugų sistema: paslaugų efektyvumo didinimas, NVO ir privačių socialinių paslaugų teikėjų įtraukimas į paslaugų teikimą, Bendruomeninių paslaugų plėtojimas ir pirmenybės teikimas pagalbai namuose, o ne stacionarioms paslaugoms.

Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Psichiatrijos klinikaVasaros g. 5, tel. (+370 5) 261 10 43. El. paštas: dainius.puras@gmail.comVilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto Socialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, Tel. (+370 5) 266 76 10. El. paštas: egle.sumskiene@gmail.com
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globa didelėse uždarose stacionariose globos įstaigose. Iki Sovietų Sąjungos žlugimo šios įstaigos ne tik globojo, bet ir izoliavo sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto individus. Tvirtas šių įstaigų pozicijas to meto socialinės apsaugos sistemoje lėmė ideologinės priežastys, dominuojantis defektologijos mokslas, sukurta materialinė ir teisinė bazė, neigiamas visuomenės nusistatymas sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų atžvilgiu. Žlugus Sovietų Sąjungai, stacionarios globos sistema pasirodė esanti ypač atspari permainoms – ji ne tik atsilaikė prieš bandymus veiksmingai transformuoti, bet ir sulaukė investicijų iš Europos Sąjungos fondų. Atkūrus Nepriklausomybę įvykusios permainos – darbuotojų mokymai, pastatų rekonstrukcija, paslaugų įvairovės didinimas – neatnešė institucinės kultūros, atskirties tradicijos permainų ir tik sustiprino stacionarios globos institucijų padėtį.Tai sudarė prielaidas Lietuvoje susiformuoti unikaliam sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globos būdui, kurį galima įvardyti kaip visuomenės ir valstybės raidai nepalankią ydingo sovietinio paveldo ir atsirinktų ES paramos bei vertybių kombinaciją.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: stacionari globa, psichikos ir intelekto sutrikimai, Europos Sąjunga, ideologija.Care for persons with memental disability: dependency on inherited culture of srevicesDainius Pūras, Eglė Šumskienė
SummaryGoal of this article is to identify main obstacles while transforming Lithuanian system of residential care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities from repressive and isolating Soviet tradition to individualised community care. During the Soviet times the goal of large residential institutions was to take physical care after individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities as well as to isolate them from the rest of the society. These institutions were deeply anchored in the Soviet system of social assistance, based on the principles of defectology and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental health problems. After collapse of the Soviet Union this system appeared to be eminently resistant to reforms: it withstood attempts of transformation and even managed to receive investments from the European Union structural funds thus strengthening the positions of large residential institutions over modern community care. More than two decades of investments in training of staff, reconstruction of buildings, modernisation of services and other components of mental health services in Lithuania have not resulted in the change of paradigm, as institutional culture and tradition of exclusion remains still very strong.Thus, current system of care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities in Lithuania can be defined as a combination of strong effects of former Soviet system and selectively chosen components of modern mental health policy and services.Key words: residential care, intellectual and mental disabilities, European Union, ideology.

Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Psichiatrijos klinikaVasaros g. 5, tel. (+370 5) 261 10 43. El. paštas: dainius.puras@gmail.comVilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto Socialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, Tel. (+370 5) 266 76 10. El. paštas: egle.sumskiene@gmail.com Straipsnyje nagrinėjama sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globa didelėse uždarose stacionariose globos įstaigose. Iki Sovietų Sąjungos žlugimo šios įstaigos ne tik globojo, bet ir izoliavo sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto individus. Tvirtas šių įstaigų pozicijas to meto socialinės apsaugos sistemoje lėmė ideologinės priežastys, dominuojantis defektologijos mokslas, sukurta materialinė ir teisinė bazė, neigiamas visuomenės nusistatymas sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų atžvilgiu. Žlugus Sovietų Sąjungai, stacionarios globos sistema pasirodė esanti ypač atspari permainoms – ji ne tik atsilaikė prieš bandymus veiksmingai transformuoti, bet ir sulaukė investicijų iš Europos Sąjungos fondų. Atkūrus Nepriklausomybę įvykusios permainos – darbuotojų mokymai, pastatų rekonstrukcija, paslaugų įvairovės didinimas – neatnešė institucinės kultūros, atskirties tradicijos permainų ir tik sustiprino stacionarios globos institucijų padėtį.Tai sudarė prielaidas Lietuvoje susiformuoti unikaliam sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globos būdui, kurį galima įvardyti kaip visuomenės ir valstybės raidai nepalankią ydingo sovietinio paveldo ir atsirinktų ES paramos bei vertybių kombinaciją.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: stacionari globa, psichikos ir intelekto sutrikimai, Europos Sąjunga, ideologija.Care for persons with memental disability:dependency on inherited culture of srevicesDainius Pūras, Eglė Šumskienė SummaryGoal of this article is to identify main obstacles while transforming Lithuanian system of residential care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities from repressive and isolating Soviet tradition to individualised community care. During the Soviet times the goal of large residential institutions was to take physical care after individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities as well as to isolate them from the rest of the society. These institutions were deeply anchored in the Soviet system of social assistance, based on the principles of defectology and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental health problems. After collapse of the Soviet Union this system appeared to be eminently resistant to reforms: it withstood attempts of transformation and even managed to receive investments from the European Union structural funds thus strengthening the positions of large residential institutions over modern community care. More than two decades of investments in training of staff, reconstruction of buildings, modernisation of services and other components of mental health services in Lithuania have not resulted in the change of paradigm, as institutional culture and tradition of exclusion remains still very strong.Thus, current system of care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities in Lithuania can be defined as a combination of strong effects of former Soviet system and selectively chosen components of modern mental health policy and services.Key words: residential care, intellectual and mental disabilities, European Union, ideology.

Pagrindinis XX a. kontinentinės filosofijos motyvas buvo metafizikos kritika. Ankstesnės filosofinės sistemos buvo imtos laikyti pernelyg stingios, imta ieškoti būdų išvengti metafizinio hierarchinio mąstymo. Pasitelkiant religijų ir filosofijos istorijos sintezę, šiame straipsnyje teigiama, jog įmanoma aptikti gausybę stulbinančių panašumų tarp animizmo ir XX a. filosofinio mąstymo. Straipsnyje aptariami skirtumai tarp tinklinio mąstymo ir hierarchinio mąstymo. Tinklinis mąstymas analizuojamas pasitelkiant du motyvus: daugiadimensiškumą ir bendrųjų sielų tinklą. Animizmas naudojamas kaip pagrindinis pavyzdys nusakant motyvų reikšmę mąstymui ir praktikai. Taip pat aprašomas hierarchinio mąstymo atsiradimas ir sklaida.

Per pastarąjį dešimtmetį komponentinės technologijos iš objektinių išsivystė į paslaugų technologijas. Buvo pasiūlyta daug įvairių komponento modelių, komponento architektūrų ir komponento aprašymo kalbų. Todėl sukurtų paradigmų ir metodųsisteminimas bei konceptualizavimas yra sudėtingas uždavinys. Straipsnio autoriai siekia prisidėti prie šio uždavinio sprendimo. Darbe analizuojami svarbiausieji programinių komponentų teikiamų paslaugų kokybės specifi kavimo būdai. Analizė atliekama paslaugų interneto kontekste.Quality of Services in the Contextof Internet of ServicesJérémy Besson, Albertas Čaplinskas
SummaryIn the recent decade the component technologies have been evolved from object-oriented to service-oriented ones. A lot of different component models, component architectures, and component description languages have been proposed. To systematize and conceptualize the proposed approaches is a hard and complicated task. The paper aims to contribute to the solution of this problem. It analyses the most important approaches for specifying the quality of services (QoS) delivered by the software components. The analysis is made from the point of view of the Internet of Services (IoS).;">

This master's theses discuss the idea of free service movement challenges in the common market of European Union, linking them with the directive of free service movement and its implementation. Service sector and its administration in all states of European Union is very significant and it makes 60-70% of activity. Trying to achieve gradual and competative market, free service movement is not less important than free movement of persons, capital and goods. Taking all them together and implementing, these four subjects form united basis of market. Free service movement is warranted by eliminating arising obstacles for it. However the elimination of obstacles can not be easily implemented because state members are trying to protect their markets. In 2004 European Committee represented the project of Service directive, with the help of this project administrative obstacles were tried to be eliminated for people who want to give service in the other member state. This project includes application of country origin's principle, according to it service provider can suggest services in another country, following the law acts obtained in his country. In the suggested directive project country origin's principle, "one window" principle in acting contact institution received a lot of discussions and evaluations among members and their representatives in Europarliament . The opponents of directive afirmed that they were afraid of open market for cheap manpower and nonqualitative services. After long discussions in 2006 Service directives were confirmed by the majority votes of Europarliaments. The aim of this document is to create a liberal service market, to eliminate arising administrative and law obstacles for providers of services and reasonless discriminating or disproportional requirements, to certain provider's establishment freedom and his freedom to provide services in the other state member, to encourage economical and social progress. Nevertheless country origin's principle disappears in Service directive and its application becomes narrower. Service directive should be implemented by the end of 2009. By this time state institutions should review law acts and identify if they do not contradict to the Service directive attitude, have to establish contact institution which should make establishment of company and documents arrangement procedures easier, for providing services in the other state member, to ensure information accessibility by electronic media and to create information system in home market.

This master's theses discuss the idea of free service movement challenges in the common market of European Union, linking them with the directive of free service movement and its implementation. Service sector and its administration in all states of European Union is very significant and it makes 60-70% of activity. Trying to achieve gradual and competative market, free service movement is not less important than free movement of persons, capital and goods. Taking all them together and implementing, these four subjects form united basis of market. Free service movement is warranted by eliminating arising obstacles for it. However the elimination of obstacles can not be easily implemented because state members are trying to protect their markets. In 2004 European Committee represented the project of Service directive, with the help of this project administrative obstacles were tried to be eliminated for people who want to give service in the other member state. This project includes application of country origin's principle, according to it service provider can suggest services in another country, following the law acts obtained in his country. In the suggested directive project country origin's principle, "one window" principle in acting contact institution received a lot of discussions and evaluations among members and their representatives in Europarliament . The opponents of directive afirmed that they were afraid of open market for cheap manpower and nonqualitative services. After long discussions in 2006 Service directives were confirmed by the majority votes of Europarliaments. The aim of this document is to create a liberal service market, to eliminate arising administrative and law obstacles for providers of services and reasonless discriminating or disproportional requirements, to certain provider's establishment freedom and his freedom to provide services in the other state member, to encourage economical and social progress. Nevertheless country origin's principle disappears in Service directive and its application becomes narrower. Service directive should be implemented by the end of 2009. By this time state institutions should review law acts and identify if they do not contradict to the Service directive attitude, have to establish contact institution which should make establishment of company and documents arrangement procedures easier, for providing services in the other state member, to ensure information accessibility by electronic media and to create information system in home market.

This master's theses discuss the idea of free service movement challenges in the common market of European Union, linking them with the directive of free service movement and its implementation. Service sector and its administration in all states of European Union is very significant and it makes 60-70% of activity. Trying to achieve gradual and competative market, free service movement is not less important than free movement of persons, capital and goods. Taking all them together and implementing, these four subjects form united basis of market. Free service movement is warranted by eliminating arising obstacles for it. However the elimination of obstacles can not be easily implemented because state members are trying to protect their markets. In 2004 European Committee represented the project of Service directive, with the help of this project administrative obstacles were tried to be eliminated for people who want to give service in the other member state. This project includes application of country origin's principle, according to it service provider can suggest services in another country, following the law acts obtained in his country. In the suggested directive project country origin's principle, "one window" principle in acting contact institution received a lot of discussions and evaluations among members and their representatives in Europarliament . The opponents of directive afirmed that they were afraid of open market for cheap manpower and nonqualitative services. After long discussions in 2006 Service directives were confirmed by the majority votes of Europarliaments. The aim of this document is to create a liberal service market, to eliminate arising administrative and law obstacles for providers of services and reasonless discriminating or disproportional requirements, to certain provider's establishment freedom and his freedom to provide services in the other state member, to encourage economical and social progress. Nevertheless country origin's principle disappears in Service directive and its application becomes narrower. Service directive should be implemented by the end of 2009. By this time state institutions should review law acts and identify if they do not contradict to the Service directive attitude, have to establish contact institution which should make establishment of company and documents arrangement procedures easier, for providing services in the other state member, to ensure information accessibility by electronic media and to create information system in home market.

Nagrinėjant elektroninės valdžios paslaugų efektyvaus realizavimo klausimus, viena pagrindinių problemų tampa administraciniuose padaliniuose išskirstytų informacinių sistemų sąveikumas. Daugeliui atliekamų atsiskaitomųjų operacijų nepakanka vienos institucijos saugomų duomenų, todėl racionaliai į bendrą veiklos infrastruktūrą turi įsikomponuoti išskirstytų sistemų saugaus bendravimo galimybės, nacionaliniu bei europiniu lygmeniu kuriamos kompiuterinės programinės priemonės, paspartinančios efektyvesnį e. viešųjų paslaugų diegimą. Informacinių sistemų sąveikumo reikalavimai paliečia bendrai naudojamų, tačiau skirtingose institucijose administruojamų ir palaikomų duomenų bazių fi zinio, semantinio ir socialinio sąveikumo lygmenis. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami viešojo sektoriaus išskirstytų informacinių sistemų sąveikumo klausimai, susiję su elektroninių viešųjų paslaugų teikimo galimybėmis. Analizuojami bankinių informacinių sistemų įtakos rodikliai viešojo administravimo sistemos e. paslaugų vykdymo funkcijoms atlikti. Rezultatai, analizuojant viešojo administravo funkcijų statistinius rodiklius, rodo naujus pokyčius, atsirandančius informacinių ryšių technologijų plėtros įtakoje, kaip keičiasi viešųjų paslaugų teikimo gyventojams galimybės. Atsiranda naujos viešųjų paslaugų valdymo formos elektroninėje erdvėje.Influence of Interoperability of Information Systems to Providing of e-Services of Public Administration SectorDalė Dzemydienė, Ramutė Naujikienė
SummaryWhen analyzing the problems of effective realization of e-governance services one of the main issues becomes the interoperability of information systems and databases, distributed in different administrative departments. The realization of e-services usually requires information from distributed information systems, stored and maintained in different formats and software environments. The rationally organized integrated infrastructure of distributed systems requires additional means and components for supporting the safe communication possibilities. The organizational activities have been maintained on the national and inter-European levels and software programs must follow the requirements of standards that speed up the realization of e-public services. Interoperability requirements of the distributed public administration systems concern physical, semantic and socio-organizational interoperability levels. The effective hotspots of e-banking systems and applicable integrated interfaces for consumers infl uence the popularity of these systems and take dividends for the growing economic value in the development of public administration services or the portal of e-government. The analysis of statistical indicators of e-public services is made on the effectiveness of distributed information systems applications. New tendencies are recognized according to statistical evaluation of indicators, electronic service abilities in the public administration sector.