Suchergebnisse

: I seek course release time to complete revisions to my book "Dueling Patriarchies: Gender, Indians, and Nation-State Formation in Nineteenth-Century Ecuador," plus $1800 for costs related to revisions. The manuscript is under advanced contract with the University of Arizona Press. This monograph explores nation making from the perspectives of state officials and indigenous men and women. It not only addresses Ecuadorian nation making as a contested and negotiated historical development, but it also helps to explain the importance of gender in contemporary indigenous politics in Ecuador. Having spent several years collecting and analyzing a variety of archival evidence, I am in final phases of revising the manuscript for publication. Three chapters need significant restructuring or reconsideration before publication; the grant would allow me to devote significant time to these chapters and meet my July 1, 2006 deadline for submission and result in a monograph of the highest quality.

This article provides a brief overview of Critical Studies on Men and Masculinities (CSMM), a broad sub-field of Feminist Studies, Gender Studies, and Women's Studies, and some of the tensions and contradictory processes there. The main body of the article explores two major contemporary challenges for CSMM. The first concerns the conceptual and political move from masculinities, and hegemonic masculinity, to the hegemony of men. The second addresses the move from the ethnographic moment to global and transnational processes, and specifically the transformations of patriarchy from the local and the national to the transnational, as summed up in the term trans(national)patriarchies. Characteristics features of such transpatriarchies are examined. Challenging both the relations of men and masculinities and the relations of local and transnational patriarchies are key tasks for CSMM.

In response to the global call to mitigate risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), new regulations on the access and use of veterinary antibiotics are currently being developed by the Lao government. This study aims to explore how the implementation of these new regulations might effectively reduce and adapt the sale, distribution and use of veterinary antibiotics in Lao PDR. To this end, we used the theory of change, framing the AMR issue within the context of the stakeholders involved in the veterinary antibiotics supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, based on questionnaires (n=36 antibiotic suppliers, n=96 chicken farmers, n=96 pig farmers), and participatory tools such as a workshop (n=10 participants), semi-structured interviews (n=20), and focus group discussions (n=7 participants). The stakeholders' understanding of the AMR issue and potential challenges related to the implementation of new regulations regarding access and use of antibiotics, were also investigated. We mapped the veterinary antibiotic supply chain in Lao PDR, and analysed the roles and interactions of its stakeholders. Twenty-three stakeholders representing the private and the public sectors were identified. Many informal and formal links connected these stakeholder within this supply chain. The lack of veterinarian-farmer interaction and the evolving nature of the veterinary antibiotics supply chain accentuated the challenges of achieving behaviour change through regulations. Most of the antibiotics found on farms were categorized by the World Health Organisation's as critically important antibiotics used in human medicine. We argue that AMR risk mitigation strategy requires dialogue and engagement between private and public sectors stakeholders, involved in the importation, distribution, sale and use of veterinary antibiotics. This study further highlighted that AMR is a complex adaptive challenge requiring multi-sectoral approach. We believed that a sustainable approach to reduce and adapt veterinary antibiotics use should be prepared in collaboration with stakeholders from private and public sectors identified in this study, in addition to the new regulations. This collaboration should start with the co-construction of a common understanding of AMR issue and of the objectives of new regulations.

International audience ; In response to the global call to mitigate risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), new regulations on the access and use of veterinary antibiotics are currently being developed by the Lao government. This study aims to explore how the implementation of these new regulations might effectively reduce and adapt the sale, distribution and use of veterinary antibiotics in Lao PDR. To this end, we used the theory of change, framing the AMR issue within the context of the stakeholders involved in the veterinary antibiotics supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, based on questionnaires (n=36 antibiotic suppliers, n=96 chicken farmers, n=96 pig farmers), and participatory tools such as a workshop (n=10 participants), semi-structured interviews (n=20), and focus group discussions (n=7 participants). The stakeholders' understanding of the AMR issue and potential challenges related to the implementation of new regulations regarding access and use of antibiotics, were also investigated. We mapped the veterinary antibiotic supply chain in Lao PDR, and analysed the roles and interactions of its stakeholders. Twenty-three stakeholders representing the private and the public sectors were identified. Many informal and formal links connected these stakeholder within this supply chain. The lack of veterinarian-farmer interaction and the evolving nature of the veterinary antibiotics supply chain accentuated the challenges of achieving behaviour change through regulations. Most of the antibiotics found on farms were categorized by the World Health Organisation's as critically important antibiotics used in human medicine. We argue that AMR risk mitigation strategy requires dialogue and engagement between private and public sectors stakeholders, involved in the importation, distribution, sale and use of veterinary antibiotics. This study further highlighted that AMR is a complex adaptive challenge requiring multi-sectoral approach. We believed that a sustainable approach to reduce and adapt veterinary antibiotics use should be prepared in collaboration with stakeholders from private and public sectors identified in this study, in addition to the new regulations. This collaboration should start with the co-construction of a common understanding of AMR issue and of the objectives of new regulations.

International audience ; In response to the global call to mitigate risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), new regulations on the access and use of veterinary antibiotics are currently being developed by the Lao government. This study aims to explore how the implementation of these new regulations might effectively reduce and adapt the sale, distribution and use of veterinary antibiotics in Lao PDR. To this end, we used the theory of change, framing the AMR issue within the context of the stakeholders involved in the veterinary antibiotics supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, based on questionnaires (n=36 antibiotic suppliers, n=96 chicken farmers, n=96 pig farmers), and participatory tools such as a workshop (n=10 participants), semi-structured interviews (n=20), and focus group discussions (n=7 participants). The stakeholders' understanding of the AMR issue and potential challenges related to the implementation of new regulations regarding access and use of antibiotics, were also investigated. We mapped the veterinary antibiotic supply chain in Lao PDR, and analysed the roles and interactions of its stakeholders. Twenty-three stakeholders representing the private and the public sectors were identified. Many informal and formal links connected these stakeholder within this supply chain. The lack of veterinarian-farmer interaction and the evolving nature of the veterinary antibiotics supply chain accentuated the challenges of achieving behaviour change through regulations. Most of the antibiotics found on farms were categorized by the World Health Organisation's as critically important antibiotics used in human medicine. We argue that AMR risk mitigation strategy requires dialogue and engagement between private and public sectors stakeholders, involved in the importation, distribution, sale and use of veterinary antibiotics. This study further highlighted that AMR is a complex adaptive challenge requiring multi-sectoral approach. We believed that a ...

The history of women in South Africa is the history of their oppression due to patriarchy - a system of domination which still persists in South Africa, and has done so since precolonial times. However, in the case of black women, it has been justly argued that under apartheid they suffered from the triple oppression of racism, sexism and classism which characterises the country's history. Although opposition to patriarchy has not so much been in evidence among black women in this country, they do indeed have a history of strong opposition to the politicisation of race. This article traces the historical development of feminism in this country, focusing on African feminism(s) and its multiple manifestations. The role of feminism in the liberation struggle is then explicated by first describing the variety and diversity of patriarchies, followed by an exposition of the surfacing of political consciousness among women in this country. The article concludes that 50 years after the momentous event of 9 August 1956, an active and feminist voice in civil society is still needed due to factors such as the fact that the struggle for gender equity has to a large extent become a state-led venture, and because of what is perceived as a hardening of patriarchies.

With the proliferation of the term "masculinities" over the past two decades men's subjective experiences have come to light in an attempt to destabilize the patriarchy. However, in this time it seems that hegemonic masculinity has in fact been attempting, quite successfully, to maintain itself through the proliferation of multiple patriarchies. Examination of the enfleshment of masculinity through the physicality of the masculine body presents us with a more articulated version of hegemonic masculinity. This more articulate view begins to highlight the politics of difference present in a discussion of Brokeback Mountain and the wide spread deployment and growth of the term metrosexual.

In Indian Feminisms: Law, Patriarchies and Violence in India, Geetanjali Gangoli recounts how the Indian feminist movement, identifiable for its uniquely Indian concepts of womanhood and equal rights, has been effective in promoting equality for women. Gangoli attributes this success to the fact that Indian feminists have influenced legislation and dialogue within the country, while also recognizing the reality of intense divides among castes and religions. This book review examines the vague nature of Indian law in regard to prostitution, a topic that has been the source of extensive feminist debate. India should fully outlaw the practice of prostitution in order to protect the fundamental human rights of women. This ban must phase out prostitution and its related activities by providing education and commensurable profit-earning alternatives to women.

Orexins (also called hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that carry out essential functions in the central nervous system; however, little is known about their release and range of action in vivo owing to the limited resolution of current detection technologies. Here we developed a genetically encoded orexin sensor (OxLight1) based on the engineering of circularly permutated green fluorescent protein into the human type-2 orexin receptor. In mice OxLight1 detects optogenetically evoked release of endogenous orexins in vivo with high sensitivity. Photometry recordings of OxLight1 in mice show rapid orexin release associated with spontaneous running behavior, acute stress and sleep-to-wake transitions in different brain areas. Moreover, two-photon imaging of OxLight1 reveals orexin release in layer 2/3 of the mouse somatosensory cortex during emergence from anesthesia. Thus, OxLight1 enables sensitive and direct optical detection of orexin neuropeptides with high spatiotemporal resolution in living animals. ; The results are part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 891959; to T.P.). We also acknowledge funding from the University of Zurich and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 310030_196455; to T.P.); Forschungskredit Candoc (to X.Z.); ETH Zurich (to D.B.); Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. PCEFP3_181282; to M.S.); ERC-2017-STG (grant agreement no. 758448; to N.G.); Swiss National Science Foundation and ERC-2016-CoG (grant agreement no. 725850) (A.R.A.); University of Bern and Inselspital University Hospital (A.R.A. and M.H.S.); ERC-2014-CoG (grant agreement no. 647725) and National Institutes of Health Brain Initiative (U19 NS107464) (both to T.F.); H2020-ICT (grant agreement no. 101016787; to T.P. and T.F.). We thank J.-C. Paterna and the VVF of the Neuroscience Center Zurich for help with virus production, M. Drobizhev (Montana State ...

This communication centers on the argument that there is an ideological tug-of-war over the Muslim female body. The author discusses how religious and secular patriarchies, as well as feminism all make claims to the bodies of Muslim women and purport to know what is best for her. With particular focus on the headscarf and using comparisons with how non-Muslim women's bodies are fought over, the author argues that there is a common thread connecting the warring sides as they each employ patriarchal and imperialist views of the Muslim woman that attempt to consume her agency. As the author examines the personal agency and veiling motives of Muslim woman, she counters the idea of Muslim women as passive recipients of mainstream religious and secular narratives imposed upon them by sharing different ways in which they self-author their own narratives in a post-9/11 USA.

Survey data from selected geographical areas in India, Nepal and Bhutan show that attitudes towards women's participation in local politics are overwhelmingly positive. The findings indicate a shift from the deeply embedded notion that politics is men's domain, towards greater acceptance of gender equality. We find that attitudes cluster along three major dimensions: perceptions of women's capacities to join politics, the consequences of political engagement for the family's reputation, and consequences of women's political participation for their domestic responsibilities. Country differences are significant, with Nepalese respondents being the most positive, and Indian respondents the most negative. We explore individual, community, social and institutional variables that influence respondents' attitudes. Data are drawn from a survey of 6647 local level politicians, civil society leaders and ordinary citizens, and from interviews. ; acceptedVersion

Nonostante il recente interesse critico in Filone di Alessandria, il "De Iosepho" resta ancora un testo poco studiato. La tesi si propone di fornirne una nuova traduzione corredata di un commento lineare, con un'introduzione generale. Nella parte introduttiva si presenta il "De Iosepho" come vita dell'uomo politico, nel suo rapporto con le altre vite di patriarchi scritte da Filone e nella sua composizione interna, tra sezioni narrative e interpretazione allegorica. Sempre nell'introduzione sono inoltre affrontate le problematiche più generali dell'opera, come l'interpretazione del nome di Giuseppe, l'assenza di nomi propri nel trattato (riprodotta nella traduzione), le apparenti contraddizioni tra la figura positiva di Giuseppe nella biografia e il ritratto denigratorio che appare nei commentari di Filone alla Scrittura. Il commento fa riferimento ai più recenti contributi degli studiosi per analizzare le tematiche, le fonti e l'andamento narrativo del testo, mirando a chiarificare la complessità e multiformità del personaggio di Giuseppe, uomo politico e patriarca.

This article explores the potential strategic functions of humour in diaries that record national struggles by contemporary Arab women, namely Palestinian author Suad Amiry's Sharon and my Mother-in-Law: Ramallah Diaries (2006) and Egyptian writer Mona Prince's Revolution is my Name: an Egyptian Woman's Diary from Eighteen Days in Tahrir (2014). Drawing on existing research into postcolonial and feminist comedy, the article argues that the use of humour to articulate revolutionary moments constitutes what I describe as 'comedic resilience' through which comedy is intentionally, reflectively and strategically deployed by the authors under discussion as a dissident strategy to intersectional dominant structures of power to which Arab women are subjected. This subjugating, concentric power structure comprises colonial/state hegemony, nationalist dogmatism, local and external patriarchies and cultural/representational silencing. Equally, I consider the ways in which the intersection of war diary-writing and comedy problematises the representational literary traditions of national struggles. Using humour in contexts where they are expected to grieve, the authors under scrutiny rework the conventional understanding of war life-writing and with it the role and position of Arab women in militarised contexts of conflicts.

Matriarchy gives central role of political leadership & moral authority to women. It is a society where the woman is given a role which is much beyond her role as a mother figure in the community. Historically the term patriarchy was used to refer to autocratic rule by the male head of the family however in modern times it more generally refers to social system in which power is primarily held by an adult man. The paper aims to give a brief glimpse of different societies of the world & further gives us a better understanding of the conflict that has ever been prevalent in different cultures of the world. The paper puts into picture different matriarchies that still exist today which proves the fact that patriarchy has neither at all times nor ever been the only form of society. At the same time, the existence of matriarchal societies in our time or survival within the patriarchies point towards the danger of continuous patriarchalization of still existing or newly formed matriarchal social relations. The paper presents the path of resistance adopted by the women in so called patriarchal set up, where she instead of accepting the things, questions, demands and fights for her own self rather than facing multiple oppressions.

Thesis in Human Rights in Contemporary Societies submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC) of the University of Coimbra ; In my thesis I firstly aim to investigate the global constructions of Arab women in news platforms, through a semi-structured theoretical discussion of frames of representation. In the State of the Art I firstly reflect the fieldwork in the chapter on Politics of Media Frames and Silenced Realities, in assessments on: 1.1 Languages and Power of Media, 1.2 Eurocentrism: Collective Outrage versus Collective Apathy, and 1.3 Women's Resistance in Epistemology: Human Rights Encounters and Arab Feminisms Deconstructing Double Patriarchies. I move on to explore the portrayals of the Arab in productions of the Orient and the "Third World", discussing: 2.1 Frames of Oppression: Framing the Other, 2.2 Orientalism and The Immoral "Moral" Contest of Human Rights, 2.3 Doctrines of Exclusion: The "Civilising Mission" and the Burden of Representation, and 2.4 Double Patriarchies: (Non)Recognition of the Other of the Other. Finally, I assess dichotomies between the South and North, assessing constructions on women in the research dialogue Polarized Geographies and Polarized Feminisms, inquiring: 3.1 Veiling and Unveiling: Injustice(s) on the "Arab" and the Arab Woman's Body, 3.2 Social Construction of Vulnerability and Violence on the Woman's body, 3.3 Purity, Honour Crimes and Crimes of (Dis)Honour, and 3.4 Orientalist (Mis)Representations and the Egyptian Women's Burden(s). My fieldwork encompasses the scrutinization of media reportage on the region and with particular focus on Egyptian women, in order to de-orient the homogenizing frame. De-orienting epistemology constitutes of critical discourse analysis articles from a renowned international newspaper, under a specific Egypt-centric time frame rather than a western-centric one. Articles are collected and analysed under the keywords Egypt, Women and Rights and are assessed for their frame: imagery, language, content and layout. Under a Key of Analysis which I designed, the articles are coded to assess trends, frames of silencing and empowerment and their frequencies and instances. In doing so, the critical findings of media portray that the image of the general Arab women and more so Egyptian women has been blurred. The dangers of misrepresentations were underlined under trends of normalized depictions of alienation of the woman from her rights, face and body. Double Patriarchies are evident in systematic narrations of violence, in western experts and Human Rights organizations speaking for and on the region, in focuses of men over women speaking for women's rights, portrayals of the woman as victim and the vilification of Egyptian society. The few instances in which direct quotes of agency of empowered women are stated are acknowledged to be as objective as possible. It was disclosed that languages largely perpetuate oppressive frames evident from the critical key of analysis discussion in quantitative and qualitative findings. Imageries to a high extent reproduce prevalence of repeated Double Patriarchies. Abstracting a small number of instances of direct women's quotes reflects stigmatic perpetuation of foreign imposition, cultural obscurement and focus on men in Egyptian women's empowerment. The research therefore sought to de-frame Frames of Oppression by deconstructing them and their languages, and to go beyond this, through articulations of Egyptian women leaderships themselves involved in women's rights whether directly or indirectly. This was carried out through semi-structured interviews which carry my own resonances with them as an Egyptian woman and as the interpreter and producer of the research, whereby my own voice is present throughout the work. The interviews reveal that the voices of Egyptian women, let alone Arab women are clearly non-homogenous and diverse, each with important stories to share. While there are nuances between perspectives, these must be seen and heard. The relational distance among women is seen within Cairo, between Cairo and outer cities, and levels of education. This mirrors the significance of exchange in women's rights discourse within Egypt and amongst feminisms of the South and North. Epistemologies ultimately should seek to listen to and invite women from the South to produce their own knowledge on the world, on women's rights and most crucially on themselves. ; Na minha tese, primeiro pretendo investigar as construções globais de mulheres árabes em plataformas noticiosas, através de uma discussão teórica sobre quadros de representação. No Estado da Arte, reflito primeiramente o trabalho de campo no capítulo Política de Estruturas dos Média e Realidades Silenciadas, em avaliações sobre: 1.1 Idiomas e Poder dos Média; 1.2 Eurocentrismo: Indignação Coletiva versus Apatia Coletiva; 1.3 Resistência das Mulheres na Epistemologia: Encontros de Direitos Humanos e Feminismos Árabes Desconstruindo Patriarcados Duplos. Exploro retratos do Árabe em produções do Oriente e do "Terceiro Mundo", discutindo: 2.1 Quadros de opressão: enquadrando o outro; 2.2 Orientalismo e o Debate "Moral" Imoral dos Direitos Humanos; 2.3 Doutrinas de Exclusão: a Missão Civilizadora e o Fardo da Representação; 2.4 Patriarcados Duplos: (Não)Reconhecimento do Outro do Outro. Por fim, passo a avaliar dicotomias entre o Sul e o Norte, avaliando construções sobre mulheres no diálogo de pesquisa em Geografias Polarizadas e Feminismos Polarizados, investigando: 3.1 O uso e o desuso do véu: injustiça(s) no "Árabe" e no Corpo da Mulher Árabe; 3.2 Construção Social da Vulnerabilidade e Violência no Corpo da Mulher; 3.3 Pureza, Crimes de Honra e Crimes de (Des)Honra; 4.4 (Não)Representações Orientalistas e o(s) Fardo(s) das Mulheres Egípcias. O meu trabalho de campo exigiu o exame minucioso dos relatórios dos média na região e com foco especial nas mulheres egípcias, a fim de desorientar o quadro de homogeneização. Desvincular a epistemologia dos artigos de análise crítica do discurso de um jornal internacional de renome, em um período específico no Egito, em vez de no Oeste. Os artigos são coletados e analisados sob as palavras-chave Egito, Mulheres e Direitos e avaliados pelo seu enquadramento: imagens, idioma, conteúdo e disposição. Sob uma Chave de Análise que eu projetei, os artigos são codificados para avaliar tendências, quadros de silenciamento e empoderamento e das suas frequências e instâncias. Ao fazê-lo, as descobertas críticas dos média retratam que a imagem das mulheres Árabes em geral e mais ainda a das egípcias ficou confusa. Os perigos das deturpações foram sublinhados sob tendências de representações normalizadas de alienação da mulher, dos seus direitos, rosto e corpo. Os patriarcados duplos são evidentes nas narrativas sistemáticas de violência, nos especialistas ocidentais e nas organizações de Direitos Humanos que falam pela e da região, nos focos dos homens nas mulheres que falam pelos direitos das mesmas, nos retratos da mulher como vítima e na difamação da sociedade egípcia. Nos poucos casos em que são citadas alegações diretas da agência de mulheres com poder são reconhecidos como os mais objetivos possíveis. Foi revelado que as línguas perpetuam amplamente quadros opressivos evidentes da chave crítica na discussão da análise em resultados quantitativos e qualitativos. As imagens reproduzem, em grande medida, a prevalência de repetidos patriarcados duplos. Abstrair um pequeno número de instâncias de citações diretas de mulheres representa perpetuação estigmática de imposição estrangeira, obscurecimento cultural e foco dos homens no poder das mulheres egípcias. A pesquisa, portanto, buscou desqualificar os quadros de opressão desconstruindo-os e os seus idiomas, além disso, através de articulações das líderes egípcias que estão envolvidas nos direitos das mulheres, direta ou indiretamente. Isto foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, onde carrego as minhas próprias ressonâncias com elas como mulher egípcia, como intérprete e produtora da pesquisa, em que minha própria voz está presente em todo o trabalho. As entrevistas revelam que as vozes das mulheres egípcias, muito menos das Árabes, são claramente não homogêneas e diversas, cada uma com histórias importantes para compartilhar. Embora existam variações entre perspetivas, elas devem ser vistas e ouvidas. A distância relacional entre as mulheres é vista no Cairo, entre o Cairo, nas cidades exteriores e nos níveis de educação. Isso reflete a importância do intercâmbio no discurso dos direitos das mulheres no Egito e entre os feminismos do Sul e do Norte. As epistemologias deveriam, eventualmente, procurar ouvir e convidar as mulheres do Sul a produzirem seu próprio conhecimento sobre o mundo, nos direitos das mulheres e, mais crucialmente, sobre si mesmas.