Suchergebnisse

Examines the effects of the peace agreement signed Dec. 29, 1996 between the government of Guatemala and its armed opposition; includes citizenship, violence, and the use of the peace process as a model for the UN. Summary in English p. 234. Armed opposition Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG).

Examines the political situation in the Near East and other Islamic countries in the 1990s; regional integration in the Arab world, regional security in the Persian Gulf region, the peace agreements between Israel and the PLO, the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria, Jewish fundamentalist groups, geopolitics in Central Asia, and Near Eastern studies in Mexico; 8 articles.

An analysis, in light of international changes & the Persian Gulf War, of the most significant processes that led to the signing of the Israeli-Palestinian Liberation Organization peace agreement. Focus is on whether it will lead to a fair solution of the Palestine problem, or postpone indefinitely the creation of the Palestine state. Emphasized are optimistic & a pessimistic scenarios outlined by the Palestinian community & the challenges that Palestinian leaders will face if the pessimistic scenario predominates. It is asserted that peace requires at least the creation of the Palestine state, a legitimate goal based not only on historical reasons, but also on international law. Adapted from the source document.

Herbert C. Kelman is one of the leading names in the Psychology of Peace, both for his contributions as theorist and his active involvement in promoting peace. This article analyses the fundamental ideas developed by Kelman throughout his career, focusing particularly on his efforts to build an inclusive and long-lasting peace for the Middle East. In the 70s Kelman promoted the development of Interactive workshops of Conflict Resolution, which contributed in an unequivocal way to the agreements reached in Oslo between Palestine and Israel in 1993. Adapted from the source document.

The rise of the new Intifada & the deepening of the violence is the result of the frustration among wide sectors of the Palestinian population due to the lack of significant progress in the peace process & the persistence of the Israeli occupation. The origin of the new Intifada has been attributed to Ariel Sharon's visit to the Mesquites Square in 2000. The al-Aqsa Intifida expresses the will of an entire population to exercise its right to self-determination before the Israeli occupation. As the author points out, during almost 30 years, the international consensus on reaching peace in Middle East was based on the Israeli retreat from internationally recognized borders in exchange for guaranteed security from its Arab neighbors, the establishment of an independent Palestinian State & a special agreement which would allow shared sovereignty over Jerusalem as well as a just solution to the Palestinian refugee problem. All of these issues remain unresolved. Adapted from the source document.

Although Chile & Peru have made advances in fomenting bilateral relations, there still remain antagonistic attitudes toward each other to overcome. As opposed to the past, Chile & Peru now share membership in regional agreements for security; these common goals should provide a bridge to greater trust. Chile has also developed three tools for strengthening trust -- El Libro de Defensa Nacional (The National Defense Book), the coordination of defense expenses, & international peace missions. M. Pflum

After over half a century of armed conflict, the political atmosphere in Colombia is changing. Peace talks with the FARC (Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces) have spurred public debate around two unresolved issues: rural development, and the political participation of left-wing parties-hindered by bipartisanism until two decades ago. In this scenario, the Habana agreements and an eventual post-conflict have become the center of the political arena as well as the major asset of the government facing the next election. This paper analyses the next-to-last year of Juan Manuel Santos's presidency, the major decisions in national and international policy, and indicates the configuration of forces for the 2014 elections. Adapted from the source document.

Mexico's interest in the Asia-Pacific region was promoted during Luis Echeverria's administration, when diplomatic relations were established with the People's Republic of China & much of Southeast Asia & Oceania. However, after the 1982 economic crisis, Mexican diplomacy in the region declined, & when the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) was formed, the Salinas administration did not consider participating. Because Mexico negotiated a free trade agreement with the US & Canada -- both founders of APEC -- the following year it was invited to join the forum, even before Chile, the only other Latin American country that had showed any interest in joining & which had stronger commercial ties with the Asia-Pacific region than Mexico. The Zedillo administration considered APEC just another forum the president would have to attend once a year, without really considering the need to structure a specific policy for the forum, since Mexico had little contact with most countries on the other side of the Pacific. Thus, the forum was simply considered one more place to speak out in favor of economic liberalism, but not as an option to build, in the mid- or long term, a relationship based on multiple interests with nations that have an increasingly important role in the world economy & in determining world stability & peace. In sum, even though Mexico's policy toward APEC might have been improvised, its participation, including the commitment to organize the central conferences in 2002, is a fact in the mid- & long terms. Adapted from the source document.