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In March 2011, rallies and demonstrations started in Syria, which later developed into an armed conflict and large-scale military operations between the Syrian government and opposition all over the country. With the gradual escalation of the conflict at the end of 2011, the Syrian government adopted a strategy of defending the western territories and regional centers, which were of strategic importance in Syria, and avoiding large-scale military operations in these areas. The situation in Syria changed dramatically at the end of 2015. It was due to Russia's direct military assistance to the Syrian government.The Syrian conflict has affected regional and extra-regional developments in the Middle East, paving the way for new realities, for the active engagement of a number of power centers in the Middle East and the processes of various formats aimed at a peaceful resolution of the conflict.During the conflict (2011-2020) there were some results in the negotiation process (regulated by various international formats) of the crisis. Though they had mainly solved problems partially in certain parts of Syria, the importance of meetings in such formats cannot be underestimated. The peculiarity and global nature of the conflict provided no other solution than partial solutions to the Syrian crisis, which had an enormous impact and created opportunities for the views of the conflicting parties to be heard. The aforementioned resolution processes of the conflict allow us to assume that the parties involved in the conflict have shifted to a partial solution to the Syrian crisis. It presupposes a short-term solution or freezing of issues related to some areas of military-political and socio-economic importance, ensuring predictability of developments, after which it will be possible to get a comprehensive agreement on the Syrian conflict.The Syrian conflict has long ceased to be a Middle Eastern regional reality, affecting global processes. Conflict resolution must have both regional and extra-regional dimensions, based on sensible and sincere approaches, which should prompt parties concerned with a quick resolution to the conflict to find the key to resolving the Syrian issue. ; 2011թ. մարտին Սիրիայում սկսվեցին բողոքի ցույցերը, որոնք վերաճեցին զինված բախումների և լայնածավալ ռազմական գործողությունների ողջ երկրում կառավարական ուժերի և ընդդիմության միջև: Իրավիճակը կտրուկ փոխվեց 2015թ. վերջին, երբ Ռուսաստանը կառավարությանն ուղղակի ռազմական օգնություն ցույց տվեց: Ճգնաժամին ուղեկցող բանակցային գործընթացն ընթացավ տարբեր ձևաչափերով և միայն մասամբ հարթեց ծագած խնդիրները: Հակամարտության լայնամասշտաբ բնույթը թույլ չտվեց ավելին, քան մասնատված լուծումներ: Բայց դրանք նաև հնարավորություն ստեղծեցին կողմերի տեսակետները լսելու համար: Սիրիայում արյունալի հակամարտությունը վաղուց դադարել է լինել այս երկրի ներքին գործը: Դրա կարգավորումը, անշուշտ, պետք է ունենա նաև արտատարածաշրջանային հարթություն՝ հիմնված ողջամիտ մոտեցումների վրա: ; С марта 2011 г. в Сирии начались акции протеста, которые переросли в вооружённые столкновения и крупномасштабные военные действия по всей стране между правительственными войсками и оппозицией. Ситуация резко изменилась к концу 2015 г., когда Россия оказала непосредственную военную помощь правительству. Переговорный процесс, сопровождавший кризис, протекал в разных форматах и лишь частично сглаживал возникшие проблемы. Масштабный характер конфликта не позволял большего, чем фрагментарноые решения. Но и они создали возможность, чтобы мнения сторон были услышаны. Кровопролитный конфликт в Сирии давно перестал быть внутренним делом этой страны. Его урегулирование непременно должно также иметь и внерегиональное измерение, основанное на разумных подходах.

Accounting for nearly 80% of the global population and occupying three quarters of the world' area, the developing countries are affirming their roles in the global progress. However, the independence and sovereignty of these countries are often faced with many challenges stemming from upheavals in the international security environment, globalization, violence policies of big countries and power competition among them. In this context, in order to preserve their independence and sovereignty, the developing countries need to build democratic and progressive states, improve their real national strengths, struggle against the "peaceful evolution" of the powerful nations. This paper analyzes factors which influence the independence and sovereignty as well as the current process of struggling and defending the independence and sovereignty of the developing countries ; Chiếm khoảng 80% dân số và ¾ diện tích toàn cầu, các nước đang phát triển đang khẳng định vai trò, vị thế của mình trong đời sống quốc tế. Tuy nhiên, độc lập, chủ quyền của các nước đang phát triển luôn đứng trước nhiều thách thức đến từ những biến động của môi trường an ninh quốc tế; chính sách cường quyền của các nước lớn; quá trình toàn cầu hóa; sự cạnh tranh quyền lực của các nước lớn. Trong bối cảnh đó, để giữ được độc lập, chủ quyền, các nước đang phát triển cần xây dựng một nhà nước dân chủ, tiến bộ; tăng cường thực lực quốc gia; đấu tranh chống "diễn biến hòa bình" của các nước lớn. Bài viết phân tích những nhân tố tác động đến độc lập, chủ quyền và quá trình đấu tranh bảo vệ độc lập, chủ quyền của các nước đang phát triển hiện nay.