Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern Ukrainian researches about place and role of archetypes of Ukrainian mentality in genesis of national and cultural revival and development of the Ukrainian identity in the second half of the 19th century. Archetypes are studied as the source structure of collective unconscious national ideas, which are presented as common ideas, feelings, and stories, characters that determine social, cultural and religious traditions of ethnos. It has been found out, that within the framework of modern Ukrainian studies, integration of archetypical methodology with a research of social, cultural and spiritual aspects of development of Ukrainian society is rather slight but it considerably contrasts with the exceptional cognitive value of analysis on the domestic historical processes and events in terms of archetypes and mentality. It is shown that modern historians and social scientists identify the structural archetype components of Ukrainian mentality as factors and basis of national movement and Ukrainian revival. Modern historian G. Kasyanov determines a time frame for these events: the end of the 18th – 90s of the 20th century. At the same time, scientists pay attention to the fact that state, political and ideological conditions when Ukrainian lands were under Romanov and Habsburg Empires also influenced a structure of Ukrainian archetype. This fact caused some changes in Ukrainian identity, appearance of so called Little-Russians identity and syndrome of double loyalty (Y. Kalakura and others). Scientists consider that Ukrainian national peculiarities (agriculture, individualism, tolerance, democracy, love of freedom, peaceful nature, instability and inconsistency, lack of collective will and national solidarity) influenced the dynamics and character of state creative processes in different ways. These national peculiarities were driving force of changes and, at the same time, had destructive influence on state creative processes in imperial age. Historians believe that such fundamental principles of Ukrainian identity as archetype of motherland (agro-based production, social and historical, spiritual and cultural aspects) were formed exactly in the 19th century. In that period, such triad of Ukrainian mentality as House-Field-Temple, archetype of collegiality of ethnos and others has also emerged. The author comes to the conclusion that research of archetypes of Ukrainian mentality enables to find out the ideological source of those spiritual, national and social and cultural values and senses which became the basis for national and cultural revival in imperial age. Moreover, archetypical verification of modern public policy for the purpose its correlation to national, spiritual and cultural identity of the Ukrainians is of great importance for the progress and efficiency of modern state creative processes.

Art has always been a part of every day life. People can get values and ideas trough art and it's in a way that people enjoy. There are a lot of visual art representing sorrow and sadness regarding to an actual conflict. Not only to make people understand, this art also can be a way of seeking help, to truly understand the condition of people and what is the conflict about. It is well known that in the modern world art is actively used for the purpose of relaxation, rehabilitation and reduction of emotional tension in conflict situations. The importance of art as a specific tool of influence, which helps in resolving complex conflicts in society and contributes to peacekeeping, is analyzed. It is stated that the present day Russian-Ukrainian armed confrontation significantly intensifies the processes of conflict of different spheres of public life of Ukrainian citizens. It is suggested to use art therapy as an effective method of solving various conflict situations, in particular, in the current conditions of armed conflict in Ukraine. As art therapy has proven itself to be an effective method of exiting a person from a morbid condition, now in Ukraine, in order to deconflictization of society, it is necessary to use art therapy in the psychological rehabilitation of warriors and internally displaced persons. Art therapy was formed as a specific activity that includes art, psychology and psychotherapy. Art therapy can deprive a person of negative feelings, encourage him and help build new life patterns. That is why the issues of deconflictization of the society and restoration of peace in Ukraine are considered in the context of holding various cultural state events, in particular artistic ones. It is also important that modern technological development has created wide-ranging opportunities for art as a stabilizing factor in the state.

The problem of the emergence of bullying in the educational area among school-age children is investigated, since in recent years in Ukraine the bullying (baiting) has often been referred to as a negative phenomenon. A brief analysis of modern scientific investigations on the problems of bullying in the educational environment is done, which shows the necessity of a detailed and systematic study on this problem. Bulling is seen as a conflict and widespread phenomenon in children's groups, which can cause a negative impact on formation of personality, difficulties in socio-psychological adaptation, complexity and uncertainty of a young person in choice of next career. It has been noted that numerous facts of child abuse have caused attention to this phenomenon and implementation of specific steps at the state level to counteract and prevent this problem. It is emphasized that the presence of bullying in the educational environment has a negative impact not only on the victim of persecution, but also on the perpetrators (abusers, observers) as well as on parents and teachers. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of coordinated work of educational institutions, school psychologists, social educators, lawyers, parents to overcome bullying, which, respectively can reduce the manifestation of this negative phenomenon and greatly improve the resolution of conflict situations. Finding peaceful ways to resolve conflict situations, upbringing of friendly relationships between children and assimilate moral values leads to a healthy psychological climate in the children's groups, educate the respect and mutual assistance among coevals. There are a number of methodological recommendations for organizing the educational process, conducting cultural events, leisure, extracurricular work, outdoor activities, which help to prevent such a negative phenomenon of our reality. It is concluded that the joint work of relevant state institutions, educators, lawyers, psychologists, parents, media representatives, using different methods of influence on the individuals, may provide conditions for resolution of conflicts and overcoming bullying among children and school youth.

The article is devoted to the social philosophical comprehension of problem of sharpening conflicts in modern Ukrainian social live, exposure of world view and methodological principles of research of these processes, their origin, decision and decline of level of conflict opposition in society on the basis forming of civil culture and tolerance. Historical and philosophical digression in the process of research and explications of maintenance of conflict shows, that by terms «discord», agonic, «line», and sometimes «war» characterize a fight for principles of opposite social positions. Scientific discourse of conflict evolved from understanding of this phenomenon of fight on almost space scale to the theory of conflict as positively functional the social-group phenomenon. The classic theories of elites, which grew on soil of sociology of society, marked opposition of the states of stability and conflict, while the synthetic meta theory of conflict, which we consider methodological basis of our analysis, goes out from a reconstruction the conflicts of necessary dynamics of the transitional states: war – truce – conflict. Such approach allows adequately estimating prolongations of high level of conflict the different spheres of Ukrainian sociality. It especially touches the conflict of different socio-political and civil cultures of East to the West of country, conflicts of the not «guided emotions» and conflicts of social institutes: the states with the structures of active civil society. Finding of general interest in relation to a maintenance and steady development of the Ukrainian state, increase of level of civil culture of peaceful cohabitation of different ethnic and national associations and their cultures, tolerant attitude toward the moments of distinction and non-coincidence of the valued orientations is the most reliable way of keeping the internal peace in the conditions of stuck us «hybrid» war.

This paper studies the principles of good faith and the cooperation between judges and parties, which are considered as highly relevant in current civil procedural law. According to many scholars, a new approach to defining their roles allows to overcome the basic urgent problems of modern civil justice – duration, high costs and, to some extent, the complexity of the trial. At the same time, its implementation leads to a positive impact on ensuring the efficiency and access to justice, which are integral parts of the rule of law. The evolution of the idea of directing litigation to peaceful compromise of parties and settling their dispute, has become of tremendous importance since the middle of the last century and today is considered as one of the inherent features of modern litigation. The idea ofgood faith in participating in the process was much developed in the first codes of civil procedure in Europe, in particular, in Austrian Code of Civil Procedure of 1898 and in French Code of Civil Procedure of 1806. The national legal doctrine contains the reflection of F. Klein's research, in particular the loyal cooperation between a judge's and parties' ideas. Later the national legislation of most European states applied the abovementioned during the reforms. Within the ELI-Unidroit Project of European Rules of Civil Procedure the Working Group on Procedural Rights used the idea of court and parties cooperation as the main ground and proposed to joint responsibility introduce with the aim of fair and just trial and avoiding of the traditional problems of two procedure models (A. Uzelac). The provisions of civil procedural law of many states, in particular of Ukraine, have more fully realized the idea of inadmissibility of abusing the procedural rights, which are justly regarded as an element of the principle of cooperation of the court and the parties in civil proceedings.

The purpose of this article is to clarify the system and a thorough analysis of the sources of international legal regulation of working time. Dur- ing the study a number of methods have been used, namely: the formal-logical method has been used for the classification of sources of interna- tional legal regulation of working time and relevant international agreements; the system-structural method and the synthesis method – for the analysis of the provisions of the EU Directive 2003/88/EC on certain aspects of the organization of working time, as well as the formal-dogmatic and modeling method – for providing recommendations on the harmonization of national legislation with to the relevant Directive.

This study analyzes the system of international legal regulation of working time, which is a complex orderly set of international treaties, EU leg- islation and ECHR practices that underpin fundamental principles and international labour standards in the field of working time. The scientific work presents the classification of sources of international legal regulation of working time for: 1) international agreements; 2) EU legislation; 3) ECHR practice. Since most of the sources of international legal regulation of working time are international treaties, it is proposed to classify them accord- ing to the entities within which the following treaties are concluded: 1) treaties within the UN; 2) treaties within the Council of Europe; 3) treaties within the ILO; 4) treaties within the EU. ILO treaties are proven to be crucial in the area of international legal regulation of working time, as the ILO is an international organization, a specialized UN agency, established to support international cooperation in peacekeeping around the world and to reduce social injustice at the expense of improving workingconditions.

First of all, for the qualitative perception of the provisions relating to international legal regulation of working time, it is necessary to define the con- cept of "international labour standards", which is applied in the framework of the ILO activities. International labour standards are legal instruments developed by the ILO (taking into account the principle of tripartite representation – governments, workers and employers) that set out the fundamental principles and rights in the field of labour. The main forms of consolidation of such standards are ILO conventions and recommendations.

The provisions of sources of international legal regulation of working time are studied, attention is paid to their peculiarities and specificity. A number of recommendations have been made to further implement the provisions of Directive 2003/88/EC on certain aspects of the organization of working time in national labour law. In particular, it is established that this Directive establishes minimum safety and health requirements for the organization of working time and applies to: minimum periods of daily rest, weekly rest and annual leave, as well as breaks and maximum weekly working hours; some aspects of night work, shift work and workarrangements.

The article provides reflexive analysis of the key factors of the cessation of armed conflict in the East of Ukraine and the return of the temporarily occupied regions of Donetsk to Lugansk oblasts under the authority and jurisdiction of our sovereign state.
As the oldest works on war and peace (Sun Tzu) are known, the longer the armed struggle is, the more difficult it ends with a just world, therefore, a wide range of approaches are usually proposed for resolving the armed conflict in the Donbass: from a compromise with the aggressor to victorious plans and strategies for a military solution to the liberation of captured territories. In the pre-election period, Ukrainian political parties, without theoretical justification, propose such populist approaches to solving difficult military-political problems. Our approach is based on the identification of the causes and consequences of the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the ORD and LO, the importance of adhering to the principles of international law, humanism and progress in the conduct of state policy, recognition of the factors of the key - activity factor of the peacemaking of multinational forces whose phenomenon is not explicated, theoretically unclear as to the peculiarities of the socio-political and humanitarian situation in the Donbass. Peacekeeping as a relatively new international legal and humanitarian phenomenon is attributed to the peaceful measures of the world community, which, according to the UN Charter, is taking "other measures" for the restoration of peace and the prevention of humanitarian catastrophes. His controversial nature follows from the fact that, on the one hand, the United Nations does not interpret its Statute, as "the right to intervene in cases that are essentially within the competence of any state, and on the other hand, it must take all measures for the establishment and preservation of peace.
He peculiarity of the use of multinational peacekeeping forces in the East of Ukraine is its work on the basis of the UN Charter, the synthesis of humanitarian, political, social missions, military and civilian control over the humanitarian situation, which could lead to disaster.

An activity of the Ukrainian Workers and Peasants Union (UWPU) headed by Levko Lukyanenko in West Ukraine at the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1960s was a manifestation of the struggle for independence of Ukraine. Contemporary historiography studies the UWPU's activity in the context of looking for new forms and methods of the political resistance to the Soviet system in West Ukraine without using the ideology of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The result of the struggle depended on the ability to consolidate a whole society by the leaders of the national liberation movement. In the article we shall study the ideas about unity of the Ukrainian society and potential factors of its consolidation in the program documents of the UWPU. A task in hand of the UWPU was "to unmask before workers and peasants an irreconcilable opposite of their interests and the interests of the bureaucratic officialdom as well to compel the direction to comply in the sphere of increasing freedoms of people. Nevertheless an addition complication in the UWPU's propaganda in West Ukraine was Lykyanenko's and Kandyba's, the leading members' belonging to the system of the Soviet justice which was a part of the party and state structure and estranged deeply from people. The UWPU proclaimed a start of a new stage of struggle for the independence of Ukraine by the most conscientious workers and peasants which are united all over Ukraine and do not communicate with each other. The struggle of the UWPU for Ukraine's secession from the USSR should be peaceful and according to the Soviet constitution on the tactic and ideological grounds. The UWPU has thought that the idea of the independent Ukraine is only one possible idea which could unite the whole Ukrainian people, exploited by the Russian Soviet colonialist polotics workers and peasants deprived of their rights. The programme of the Union opposed the whole Ukrainian people to the Ukrainian Communists, the representatives of the party and state officialdom, as obedient representatives of the colonial administration. The members of the UWPU, high-principled Marxists, proclaimed their unstinting support the struggle of the Ukrainian Uprising Army for the independence of Ukraine and blamed an armed repression by the Soviet state the Ukrainian underground in West Ukraine. Taking into account the Ukrainian people changed during centuries of slavery and a social oppression the UWPU's programme does not only presume to challenge the presence of the protest potential of the Ukrainian people but also affirms that in time the Ukrainian people's aspiration to independence develops widely and its struggle for the independence becomes fiercer. The UWPU suggests to campaign among workers and peasants for the uniting the whole Ukrainian people for the struggle for Ukrainian state independency, as well to win representatives of other nationalities which live in Ukraine, and fight for general democratization of the state structure in the USSR