Suchergebnisse

In August 2014, a Chinese fighter aggressively intercepted a U.S. Navy surveillance plane over the South China Sea. This incident once again raises the issue of the legality of conducting military activities in and over the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) without coastal State notice or consent. All nations have a right under international law to conduct military activities in foreign EEZs. The article discusses the legal bases for conducting these activities and reviews some of the more prominent arguments used by States that purport to regulate such activities in the EEZ. It concludes that the right to engage in military activities in the EEZ is consistent with international law, both customary and conventional, as well as State practice.

В статье рассматривается политика российских военных властей в первой половине XIX века на Северо-Западном Кавказе в области развития здравоохранения и оказания медицинской помощи коренному населению региона. Основное внимание автор акцентирует на плодотворном влиянии созданных при прибрежных российских крепостях военно-медицинских учреждений на установление деловых и культурных контактов с горцами, улучшение их состояния здоровья, а также интеграцию края в состав Российской империи. ; The article considers the policy of the Russian military authority on the development of health care and medical assistance to indigenous population in Northwest Caucasia in the first half of the XIX century. Special attention is paid to the influence of military medical institutions created under the Russian coastal fortresses on the establishment of business and cultural contacts with the mountaineers, on the improvement of their health status, as well as on the integration of the territory into the Russian Empire.

В статье рассматриваются взгляды известного правоведа, историка и общественно-политического деятеля С. А. Котляревского на проблемы войны и мира в дооктябрьский период. Ученый напрямую увязывал рост антивоенных настроений с господствующим политическим режимом. Он полагал, что демократизация является эффективным средством разрешения существовавших международных конфликтов и важнейшим условием достижения всеобщего мира. ; The article discusses the views of the famous jurist, historian and political figure S. A. Kotlyarevskii on the issues of war and peace in the pre-revolutionary period. The scientist directly connected the growth of antiwar sentiments with the dominating political regime. He believed that democratization was an effective means of resolving previous international conflicts and an essential condition of achieving global peace.

Social marketing has become a key component of policy initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of domestic abuse. However, its efficacy remains debated, with most measures of effectiveness being somewhat crude. More subtle effects of social marketing, such as the boomerang effect whereby the message engenders the opposite effect to that intended, have been detected, suggesting a need for modes of analysis sensitive to the multiple ways in which viewers react to social opprobrium. This article attempts to deliver just this. It begins with a short history and critique of the concept of social marketing. It then proceeds to explore the utility of the more complex notion that viewers often identify with the subject positions thrown open by social marketing on a quite temporary basis, before reconfiguring them. Using the responses of domestic abuse perpetrators exposed to the UK Government's This is Abuse campaign film, the article shows how contradictory identifications with both anti-violence messages and victim-blaming discourses are negotiated by those young men prone to perpetrating domestic abuse. The article concludes by exploring how effectiveness might be better conceptualised and assessed with regard to the impact of anti-violence social marketing that speaks to domestic abuse perpetrators.

Italian mafias are now present and active abroad, and many national legal economies are undermined by their activities. The American government responded to this threat in 2011 by introducing an 'executive order' that blacklisted the Camorra's (the Neapolitan mafia) activities in the United States. Recently, there has been a growing debate on criminal mobility and, in particular, why, when and how Italian mafiosi move out of their territory of origin and expand into new foreign territories. Recent literature suggests that Italian mafias change their behaviour across territories and will succeed in 'transplanting' when there are emerging new markets. This article examines some brief case studies of camorristi in Europe to discuss these concepts of mafia mobility; and it concludes by suggesting that there is no 'one size fits all' analysis and that more attention should be paid to the interdependence of territories.

Why talk about the global economic crisis today? The topic no longer seems as relevant or fresh as it did two years ago when we issued the call for papers. At that time, the events following the implosion of Lehman Brothers in 2008 seemed to be at the centre of everyday and media discourse: we heard it on the radio, saw it on television, read it in the printed media and thought about it in public and private places. Our imaginaries and experiences seemed to be saturated by the global economic crisis. The global economic crisis informed or structured discussions about political interventions, bailouts, quantitative easing, the nationalisation of financial institutions, and austerity programmes. The emergence of the Indignados in Spain, the public sector workers' protests in Greece, the London Riots, the Occupy Movement, the Arab Spring and the mass demonstrations in Russia and Turkey were often read through the prism of, or shared a common destiny with, the unfolding crisis. Does the decentring of the global economic crisis from public and media attention imply that the crisis is over or should we understand both the existence and the effects of subsequent events and developments as ongoing expressions of the crisis? These events and developments have included a shift in the dominant discourse from 'crisis' to 'recovery and growth', heightened concerns around migration, the fiscal and legitimation problems of political institutions, the rise of right wing parties and movements and the return of geopolitics and violent conflicts. Is it now appropriate to reassign these events and developments to the discrete domains of economics, demography, politics and geography or do we need to rethink the concept and understanding of crisis in deeper sociological terms?