The UN has a large experience in conflict management, including preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping & peacebuilding. It faces serious difficulties in several cases of prevention & peacemaking, namely when it has to lead military operations where the use of force goes beyond self-defense. It has, however, immense comparative advantages in peacebuilding & the UN should concentrate its resources where its conflict resolution capacities are most efficient. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.
This paper frames the daily life of education outside of formal school, by considering two types of non-formal discussion spaces in Côte d'Ivoire. I argue that both 'traditional' and 'modern' learning were reinvented in the 'street' in response to the Ivoirian political crisis through the proliferation of spaces called grins and agoras. At daily meetings, teenagers and adults gathered important information regarding the crisis and also learned how to 'be' in a conflicted society, often through dialogic encounters between members of different generations, professions and experiences. In the post-conflict context, these spaces, and the dialogue within them, have evolved to meet the changing needs of participants, further highlighting the connection between learning in everyday life and the surrounding structures and systems. ; Este artigo enfoca o cotidiano da educação fora da escola formal, considerando dois tipos de espaços não formais de discussão na Costa do Marfim. Sustento que tanto a aprendizagem tradicional como a moderna foram reinventadas na rua em resposta à crise política na Costa do Marfim por meio da proliferação de espaços denominados grins e agoras. Em encontros diários, adolescentes e adultos reuniam informações importantes referentes à crise, além de aprenderem como ser em uma sociedade em conflito, muitas vezes por meio de encontros dialógicos entre participantes de diferentes gerações, profissões e experiências. No contexto pós-conflito, estes espaços e o diálogo no seu interior evoluíram para atender as necessidades em transformação dos participantes, destacando ainda mais a conexão entre aprendizagem no cotidiano e as estruturas e os sistemas circundantes.
In the current study of conflicts, dominant visions tend to underline the decisive role of primordial ethnic or religious identities. This primordialist perspective, however, takes attention away from other important causes that contribute to the emergence and perpetuation of conflict, namely deep socioeconomic inequalities between groups. Departing from Sudan's North-South conflict, its origins and the evolution in the conflict resolution and peacebuilding models that culminated with the signature of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, we argue that effective and sustainable peace strategies in Sudan (and elsewhere) imply addressing the more structural inequalities at stake and the deconstruction of simplistic views of the role of ethnicity and religion. Adapted from the source document.
