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This article traces the history of Australian peacekeeping since its beginnings in September 1947. It shows that, while there have always been Australian peacekeepers in the field since 1947, the level of commitment in different periods has varied greatly. The article sets out to explain this phenomenon, chiefly in political terms. It argues that Australia's early involvement in the invention of peacekeeping owed much to External Affairs Minister H.V. Evatt's interest in multilateralism, but that under the subsequent conservative Menzies government a new focus on alliance politics produced mixed results in terms of peacekeeping commitments. By contrast, in the 1970s and early 1980s, for different reasons Prime Ministers Whitlam and Fraser pursued policies which raised Australia's peacekeeping profile. After a lull in the early years of the Hawke Labor government, the arrival of internationalist Gareth Evans as Foreign Minister signalled a period of intense peacekeeping activity by Australia. For different, regionally-focused reasons, Australia was again active in peacekeeping in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In recent years, however, Australia's heavy commitment to Middle East wars has reduced its peacekeeping contribution once again to a low level.

United Nations peacekeeping has proven remarkably effective at reducing the death and destruction of civil wars. But how peacekeepers achieve their ends remains under-explored. This book presents a typological theory of how peacekeepers exercise power. If power is the ability of A to get B to behave differently, peacekeepers convince the peacekept to stop fighting in three basic ways: they persuade verbally, induce financially, and coerce through deterrence, surveillance and arrest. Based on more than two decades of study, interviews with peacekeepers, unpublished records on Namibia, and ethnographic observation of peacekeepers in Lebanon, DR Congo, and the Central African Republic, this book explains how peacekeepers achieve their goals, and differentiates peacekeeping from its less effective cousin, counterinsurgency. It recommends a new international division of labor, whereby actual military forces hone their effective use of compulsion, while UN peacekeepers build on their strengths of persuasion, inducement, and coercion short of offensive force.

Peace operations remain a principal tool for managing armed conflict and protecting civilians. The fully revised, expanded and updated third edition of Understanding Peacekeeping provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the theory, history, and politics of peace operations. Drawing on a dataset of nearly two hundred historical and contemporary missions, this book evaluates the changing characteristics of the contemporary international environment in which peace operations are deployed, the strategic purposes peace operations are intended to achieve, and the major challenges facing today's peacekeepers. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and five new chapters have been added – on stabilization, organized crime, exit strategies, force generation, and the use of force. Part 1 summarizes the central concepts and issues related to peace operations. Part 2 charts the historical development of peacekeeping, from 1945 through to 2020. Part 3 analyses the strategic purposes that United Nations and other peace operations are intended to achieve – namely, prevention, observation, assistance, enforcement, stabilization, and administration. Part 4 looks forward and examines the central challenges facing today's peacekeepers: force generation, the regionalization and privatization of peace operations, the use of force, civilian protection, gender issues, policing and organized crime, and exit strategies.

Seit dem Zeitpunkt ihrer Gründung im Jahre 1945 unterliegen die Vereinten Nationen, aufgrund ihres einzigartigen Charakters, einer kontinuierlichen Abfolge aus Krise und Reform. Insbesondere in der heutigen Zeit, in welcher die Welt eine Dynamik durchlebt, geraten die Peacekeeping- Einsätze der Vereinten Nationen an ihre Grenzen. Aufgrund der Komplexität der multidimensionalen Einsätze können oftmals vorort unvorhersehbare Problematiken in den Einsatzgebieten auftreten. Diese können einerseits struktureller sowie andererseits administrativer Natur sein. Darüber hinaus resultieren diese häufig aus der Vagheit und Intransparenz des Sicherheitsratmandates, was in der Folge den Bruch und den Verstoß gegen die Menschenrechte verursachen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle und der Effektivität des Menschenrechtsschutzes der Zivilbevölkerung, im Rahmen der Peacekeeping- Einsätze und soll die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen und Schwierigkeiten veranschaulichen. Sie soll Aufschluss darüber geben, welcher Rang den Menschenrechten bei der Umsetzung der Friedensmandate zukommen und ihr Verhältnis zu der UN- Charta aufzeigen. Weiters wird die einschlägige Staatenpraxis, den kodifizierten Prinzipen und Befugnissen der Vereinten Nationen gegenübergestellt, um schließlich Parallelen zwischen dem geltenden Völkerrecht und der Umsetzung der Vereinten Nationen ziehen zu können. ; Since its inception in 1945, the United Nations, because of its unique nature, has been subject to a continuous succession of crisis and reform. Especially in today's dynamic world, the United Nations peacekeeping operations are reaching their limits. Due to the complexity of multidimensional missions, unpredictable problems can often arise in the field. These can be of a structural or administrative nature. In addition, these often result from the vagueness and intransparency of the Security Council mandate, which subsequently causes the breach and violation of human rights. The present paper deals with the role and effectiveness of human rights protection for the civilian population in peacekeeping operations and is intended to illustrate the challenges and difficulties involved. It should provide information on the rank of human rights in the implementation of peace mandates and their relationship to the UN Charter. Furthermore, the relevant state practice, the codified principles and powers of the United Nations are compared in order to draw parallels between the applicable international law and the implementation of the United Nations. ; vorgelegt von Antonia Zaponig ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3498010

Zorgbibe analysiert die Chancen und Grenzen des 2005 geschlossenen Nichtangriffs- und Verteidigungspakts der Afrikanischen Union im Kontext vorangegangener panafrikanischer Projekte. Lecoutre beschreibt die rechtliche Ausstattung des 2004 geschaffenen Friedens- und Sicherheitsrats der AU und versucht eine Einschätzung seiner Funktionsfähigkeit. Kanada unterstützt (zusammen mit anderen Gebern) die friedenssichernden Kapazitäten und Institutionen im frankophonen Afrika. Conoir beschreibt die zahlreichen Aktivitäten, Voraussetzungen zur Schulung von Soldaten, Polizisten und Zivilisten für Friedenseinsätze zu schaffen. Das frankophone Gegenstück zum Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre in Ghana ist die Mali Peacekeeping School. Facon beschreibt deren Entstehung und Aktivitäten. (DÜI-Sbd)

Neethling, T.: Whither peacekeeping in Africa : revisting the evolving role of the United Nations Terrie, J.: The use of force in UN peacekeeping : the experience of MONUC Mansaray, A. V.: AMIS in Dafur : Africa's litmus test peacekeeping and political mediation Herro, A. ; Lambourne, Wendy ; Penklis, David: Peacekeeping and peace enforcement in Africa : the potential contribution of a UN Emergency Peace Service

Peacekeeping, one of the major innovations in United Nations history, has been regarded as an activity falling under 'Chapter Six and a half' of the un Charter. Many have also urged that peacekeeping be made more robust and to engage with military force against 'spoilers'. This article questions these two myths – 'Chapter Six and a half' and 'robust peacekeeping' – and argues that providing ambiguous half-half mandates and expecting peacekeepers to engage robustly has created a lot of confusion. It advocates for clarity and distinction between peacekeeping and military engagement, and recommends to delegate these two roles to two fully separate actors, well equipped and trained to exercise them professionally.