Suchergebnisse

UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s are reviewed, emphasizing the difficulties the UN has had in the last decade, especially in Africa. In light of the need to revise peacekeeping operations, a special panel was convened & issued 57 recommendations for reform in the Brahimi Report. Overall, the report advocates far-reaching reforms & peacekeeping strategies different from those used in the past. The most visible weakness of the report is that it does not focus on particular member states. It addresses only about half of the actual challenges the UN faces, & is short on ways in which to prevent conflict in the first place. The deployment of these recommendations is essential for future successful peacekeeping operations. Implications for Canada & Mexico are discussed. 27 References. M. Pflum

The UN peacekeeping mission is currently under great pressure because it lacks adequate structure & funding to accomplish its many tasks. The Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, whose report is summarized here, evaluated these deficiencies & developed practical recommendations for reform. Their recommendations deal with strategic direction, decision making, rapid deployment, planning, operational support, & information technology. Difficulties in applying the recommendations are discussed, eg, underqualified UN staff & lack of member state commitment in political, financial, & operational areas. M. Pflum

This work explores from a historical perspective the relationship between the US & the UN concerning peacekeeping operations. A relationship marked by the ambivalence that the US has evinced vis-a-vis the deployment of international military forces. The analysis reveals how a series of concerns related with decision-making on the use of force & the resulting financial & military commitments have prompted differing views on this issue. While the doctrine that ruled peacekeeping operations during the Cold War allowed the US to avoid these dilemmas, the increasing use of the veto since 1970 has brought to light the ambivalence. The analysis of the evolution of peacekeeping operations during the two last decades reveals a clear relationship between its rise & downfall, as well as Washington's enthusiasm or withdrawal. Adapted from the source document.

Multinational peacekeeping operations in Central America, focusing on the UN Observer Group established in 1989.

The relevance of the UN for peacekeeping depends on its activities on 'post-conflict' settings, as much as on its capacity of setting the paradigms of achieving international peace. The paper discusses the UN approaches towards international peace from the end of World War II until nowadays, while delineating the main configuration of such practices, evincing how they changed over time, and shedding light on the normative framework that underpins such processes. Adapted from the source document.

The author explores the relationship between the involvement in peacekeeping operations & the civil control of armed forces. The analysis of the experiences of Argentina & Uruguay reveals that this kind of involvement yields different outcomes: While the former strengthened civil control, that was not the case for the latter. The nature of transition & the weight of internal & external factors account for these differences. While involvement in peacekeeping operations in Argentina strengthened civil control, there was a disparate result in Uruguay, that is, the institutional autonomy of armed forces became thereby stronger. Adapted from the source document.

The article analyzes the peacekeeping operations directed by the UN, describing its features & the international scenario in which such operations take place. The author classifies them & identifies two generations of these operations, each with their own peculiarities according to the context in which conflicts developed. The study refers to the way the application of these operations has changed, & the difference between these & the other operations directed by the same international organization. The paper assesses the results, costs, & effectiveness of some of these operations; identifies the actors who intervene in their materialization & the countries that most commonly participate in them by offering either funds or human resources; & stresses the role played by Latin America (specifically Argentina & Brazil). Finally, the author points out that in the case of developing countries, the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations is constantly questioned; therefore, preventive actions, rather than reactive ones, are most likely to be implemented in the face of emerging conflicts. 7 Tables, 2 Graphs. Adapted from the source document.

Examines UN peacekeeping operations since their inception in 1948 by looking at recent trends, costs, length, breakdown by region, main actors, successes, and failures; some focus on participation of Latin American countries, especially Argentina and Brazil. Summary in English.

Examines UN system and activities, 1945-95; orientations regarding social and economic development, peacekeeping operations, the International Maritime Organization, the Commission for Mercantile International Law, impact of the end of the bipolar confrontation, the World Bank and IMF, and other issues; 9 articles. Summaries in English.

This work deals with mediation & certification experiences in Latin America, & the most recent involvement of troops from the region countries in peacekeeping operations. Though the end of the Cold War & transition to democracy favored a greater participation of countries like Argentina, Chili, Uruguay, & Brazil in these operations, the analysis points out at some of the quandaries & challenges entailed. It is stressed, in one hand, the trend that has made developing countries to become the main supplier of troops, & in the other hand, hindrances that come along with "stabilizing" operations that have been deployed in failed states, such as those that are headed by Latin American diplomats in Haiti. Tables, Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.