Suchergebnisse

In this paper, we use repeated cross-sectional survey data to study the labour market performance of refugees across several EU countries and over time. In the first part, we document that labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently worse than those for other comparable migrants. The gap remains sizeable even after controlling for individual characteristics as well as for unobservables using a rich set of fixed effects and interactions between area of origin, entry cohort and destination country. Refugees are 11.6 percent less likely to have a job and 22.1 percent more likely to be unemployed than migrants with similar characteristics. Moreover, their income, occupational quality and labour market participation are also relatively weaker. This gap persists until about 10 years after immigration. In the second part, we assess the role of asylum policies in explaining the observed refugee gap. We conduct a difference-in-differences analysis that exploits the differential timing of dispersal policy enactment across European countries: we show that refugee cohorts exposed to these polices have persistently worse labour market outcomes. Further, we find that entry cohorts admitted when refugee status recognition rates are relatively high integrate better into the host country labour market.

Fiber-type dye sensitized solar cells that are non-metallic, flexible, and thread-like in structure have many potential military and functional textile applications. With the use of quantum dots (QD), exciton transfer facilitators (Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-PCBM) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl-P3HT), and careful preparation of the TiO2 oxide layer deposited on the carbon fiber working electrode, an optimized efficiency of 7.6% was obtained. Carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) was used to prepare both the working and counter electrodes of the fabricated cells. TiCl4 annealing of the TiO2 layer was carried out and the resulting oxide layer morphology was found to be very uniform. The quantum dots, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe), were deposited directly onto the surface of the nanoporous oxide layer using chemical bath deposition (CBD). Also, the P3HT and PCBM were applied and deposited via CBD on the working electrode as a bulk heterojunction material. Potentiometric characterization of the prepared cells performed at different cell lengths and showed that the maximum efficiency was obtained for cells approximately 3.5 cm in length. Photovoltaic performance of these solid state three dimensional cells was also carried out for different cell configurations.

OpenMP is increasingly being considered as a convenient parallel programming model to cope with the performance requirements of critical real-time systems. Recent works demonstrate that OpenMP enables to derive guarantees on the functional and timing behavior of the system, a fundamental requirement of such systems. These works, however, focus only on the exploitation of fine grain parallelism and do not take into account the peculiarities of critical real-time systems, commonly composed of a set of concurrent functionalities. OpenMP allows exploiting the parallelism exposed within real-time tasks and among them. This paper analyzes the challenges of combining the concurrency model of real-time tasks with the parallel model of OpenMP. We demonstrate that OpenMP is suitable to develop advanced critical real-time systems by virtue of few changes on the specification, which allow the scheduling behavior desired (regarding execution priorities, preemption, migration and allocation strategies) in such systems. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under contract TIN2015-65316-P, and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under the CLASS Project (www.classproject. eu), grant agreement No 780622. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

Internal audit is an activity carried out independently, objectively believes in its examination, and conducts consultations in management with the aim of increasing the value and performance of the organization. The role of internal audit which is APIP (Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus) plays an important role in the government system, namely as a function of controlling where APIP is given responsibility in evaluating and evaluating and carrying out management functions, namely planning, organizing functions, directing function and coordinating function. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of internal audits on the compliance of regional devices in financial management and how APIP is independent in carrying out supervision and inspection. The method used in this study is a descriptive method that is by collecting data from the results of the study and then analyzing and drawing conclusions from the research. The results of the study obtained that the North Sulawesi Province Inspectorate was very instrumental in overseeing the financial management of regional equipment. This is evidenced by the implementation of its functions in the Internal Audit as the Government Internal Control Apparatus (APIP) which oversees and oversees the planning, organizing, directing and coordinating of financial management by SKPD in North Sulawesi.Keywords: Internal Audit, Role of Audit, Independent

The management of public sector collaboration emerged as an urgent approach adopted by the government at this time because it relates to the demands of the community related to the government\'s development performance which has not been able to reach the optimal point. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of collaborative management between the Buton District Government, including the regions that are now part of South Buton and other actors in coastal resource management, especially in the Coral Reef Management Program. This study uses a case study approach. The results show that the implementation of public sector collaboration management in the coremap program is a collaboration designed by the central government which is then followed up by the Buton District Government together with other parties from both formal and non-formal institutions in implementing the program. The implementation of public sector collaboration management that took place in the framework of the implementation of the coremap conducted from 2006 to 2012 in stages two and three from 2015 to now in the third stage both in terms of definitions, characteristics and processes in general has fulfilled the elements of public sector collaboration management.

Tragedy as a form has always been professed with Eurocentric worldview. Juxtaposing this uniqueness directly with an Afro-centric understanding to reflect the form is challenging. Tragedy has evolved over the years, from the classical heroic model to the modern; tragedy of the common man. In order to have a blueprint closest to the tragic genre, many playwrights infuse certain indigenous elements into their plays just to make them look similar or run parallel to the original form. In seeking to connect traditional culture to performance, major playwrights in Ghana and Nigeria have utilized traditional indigenous elements; religious rites, myths and rituals as material for structure and form. It is often whispered, however, that 'Africans often laugh at tragedy'. Although the myth surrounding this conjecture is yet to be unraveled, the questions remain as: Do Africans and for that matter Ghanaians, have their own form of tragedy and can this form be suitably called tragedy or would a different name be applied? Do Ghanaians have their own kind if occurrences, disasters and catastrophes that attract more empathy and purge their emotions other than the Aristotelian form? I hope to interpret these complexities and the cultural politics involved in these creative workings.

In Democratic Republic of the Congo, the body of school inspectors aims at controlling and evaluating the pedagogic, administrative and financial of school activities. They observe, assess, and advise the school employees with improving mechanisms of school performance and teaching quality. Due to the shortage of school inspectors (109 teachers of secondary schools for 1 inspector), many schools do not receive the control and supervision. However, in their routine works, the roving inspectors are facing some problems. These problems have affected negatively the effectiveness of their school inspection. This study aims at identifying and categorizing the problems which the school inspectors are facing during their socio-professional career. The survey was conducted by questionnaire (administered in a Stratified Sampling weighted consisting of 200 inspectors) and data analyzed by the analysis of content and statistical analysis. The findings indicated the inspection relative to control of education is more frequent than internal administration, on-the-job training and evaluation or testing. In this school inspection sessions, the problems of social life conditions, the technical and the working conditions are more significant than the contextual problems. The school inspectors have proposed possible solutions to solve these challenges through GOPP.

Guinea's experience with multiparty democracy is relatively recent and has been marked by socio‐political tensions on several occasions. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the World Bank Group (WBG) program for Guinea for the Fiscal Year (FY) period of 2018‐2023. The distinctive feature of this CPF is its focus on accelerating the transition to a more diversified, higher value‐added economy while also addressing the multiple drivers of fragility. Maintaining flexibility and the ability to respond quickly to crises is key to the success of World Bank support in fragile environments such as Guinea. Therefore, this CPF leaves some un‐programmed allocations, which will allow the WBG to support the government in implementing its new National Development Plan in a flexible manner so that it can respond to any change of circumstances. There is a need to strengthen the regulatory framework to support successful Public‐Private Partnership (PPP) investments. Working jointly with the World Bank and MIGA, IFC should promote the use of PPP solutions to foster private led‐investments in power generation, specifically in hydro and solar energy. The WBG will strengthen and further mainstream the existing joint review meetings of the portfolio, as well as for the Country Portfolio Performance Reviews (CPPRs).

A recovery in the oil sector boosted recent economic performance. While the recovery in global oil prices would have a welcoming effect for Kazakhstan in terms of enhancing the economy's buffers and supporting growth, it may also reduce the perceived urgency for transitioning to the new growth model, including the strong need of continuing the macro-fiscal adjustment (by reducing the nonoil deficit over the medium term) and pressing ahead with structural reforms. More generally, a return to any procyclical macro-fiscal policies during the upswing (due to an insufficient fiscal consolidation) risks developing a Dutch-Disease type of episode that could reduce economy's competitiveness and lower opportunities for diversification away from oil and other non-tradable goods and services with dynamics positively correlated to oil price movements. The authorities should not miss the current window of opportunity to adjust the macro-fiscal framework, clean up the banking sector, and deepen structural reforms. To transit to a new growth model and facilitate a sizeable expansion of the tradable nonoil sector's role in the economy, the government must demonstrate significant improvements to the rule of law, the quality of human capital, and the investment climate.

In 2012 the German Federal Government started a five-year field trial with longer trucks. One scientific project focused on empirical data of the logistic and transport processes as well as the modelling of future mileage and market shares of longer trucks. Based on predefined scenarios, potential areas of application and accessible routes for longer trucks were determined using a likelihood approach with particular attention to the different definitions of a longer truck suitable road network. In a second step empirical data covering logistic characteristics collected from participating carriers and forwarders were integrated into a sophisticated transport model in order to estimate transport demand effects and emissions of air pollutants as well as greenhouse gases stemming from longer trucks in normal business operations. The analyses of the traffic demand modelling for the scenarios shows for the reference years 2014 and 2030 that due to logistical constraints and requirements (generally) only a small part of all German heavy good vehicle trips (about 3.0 to 3.2 %) and even a smaller part of all rail and inland waterway transport performance (1.8 and 2.9 %) can be considered as potentially shiftable to longer trucks.

Hyperspectral image registration is a relevant task for real-time applications like environmental disasters management or search and rescue scenarios. Traditional algorithms were not devoted to real-time performance, the HYFMGPU algorithm having arisen as a solution to such a lack. Sensors are expected to evolve and thus generate images with finer resolutions and wider wavelength ranges, so a multi-GPU implementation seems to be necessary in a near future. This work presents a first approach to such a multi device version, identifying some stages of the pipeline as the most suitable to run in parallel in several GPUs. An MPI+CUDA variation of the original HYFMGPU algorithm is implemented, achieving speedups of 1.83× in 2 GPUs and 3.08× in 4 GPUs for the stages of the pipeline distributed among several devices. Different issues related to communications-derived time overloads and to some CUDA-based libraries particularities, as long as some optimization possibilities out of the currently distributed stages, were also detected. We plan to tackle them in further development stages of this multi-GPU implementation. ; This work has been partially supported by Regional Government of Castilla y León (Spain) and ERDF program of European Union: PROPHET project (JCYL-VA082P17).

Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) which is an endeavor of the Government of India to provide a platform for ensuring easy, fast, reliable and secure online payments in line with the desire of the Prime Minister to move on to a cash-less economy. BHIM could be used in conjunction with other Unified Payment Interface (UPI) applications together with one's bank account to ensure fast online transfer of money. This indigenously developed app by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) strives service the nation and take the nation towards a "Digital India.". The study is being conducted with the primary aim of analysing the behavioural intention of students to use Bharat Interface For Money (BHIM) app in Chennai. The other objectives would be to study their level of satisfaction with respect to the app with respect to the four key constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social and facilitation conditions. This study has revealed that effort expectancy has a significant positive effect towards students' behavioral intention to use BHIM app. This shows that students believe that it is helpful to use the app. face for Money (Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) which is an endevour.

Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) which is an endeavor of the Government of India to provide a platform for ensuring easy, fast, reliable and secure online payments in line with the desire of the Prime Minister to move on to a cash-less economy. BHIM could be used in conjunction with other Unified Payment Interface (UPI) applications together with one's bank account to ensure fast online transfer of money. This indigenously developed app by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) strives service the nation and take the nation towards a "Digital India.". The study is being conducted with the primary aim of analysing the behavioural intention of students to use Bharat Interface For Money (BHIM) app in Chennai. The other objectives would be to study their level of satisfaction with respect to the app with respect to the four key constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social and facilitation conditions. This study has revealed that effort expectancy has a significant positive effect towards students' behavioral intention to use BHIM app. This shows that students believe that it is helpful to use the app. face for Money (Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) which is an endevour.

The trash volume was increased in the city of Makassar, that environmental problems caused by the behavior of the society for less care about the cleanliness of the environment. Therefore, Makassar City Government policy urgently needed to resolve the problems. This research aims to describe and analyze the behavior of environmental cleanliness care in Makassar City Society and the implementation Gemar MTR program to forming behavior of environmental cleanliness care in Makassar Society. This research uses qualitative research methods with the techniques of data collection through interview, observation, and study documents. The results showed that the people of Makassar City have a high understanding of the complexity and environmental impacts, so that the people be able to show their behavior of environmental cleanliness with several efforts such as disposing of waste in the provided places, actively participating in environmental cleaning activities, handling and sorting out the waste correctly through the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle). Furthermore, the implementation of Gemar MTR has been running pretty well, through the active performance of the implementer program in the field, so that these programs can positively impact to forming and improving behavior of environmental cleanliness care in Makassar Society.

The paper analyses the concept of corporate social responsibility, including its origin and history. It focuses on the approach of the EU Commission and on Directive 2014/95/EU, which introduced mandatory reporting of non-financial information for large undertakings which are public-interest entities and which, based on their balance sheet data, exceed the criterion of an average number of 500 employees during the financial year. Large undertakings must include in the annual report a non-financial statement containing information to the extent necessary to understand the undertaking's development, performance, position, and impact of its activity, relating to, as a minimum, environmental, social, and employee matters, respect for human rights, and anti-corruption matters, including a brief description of the undertaking's business model. The paper first analyses the essence of the concept of corporate social responsibility ("CSR") and its understanding, historical development, and possible definitions. It summarises how the concept was gradually institutionalised by various non-governmental organisations and later institutionally regulated by the European Union. The purpose of the paper is to answer the question as to whether mandatory reporting increases the quality of CSR or rather distorts the concept of CSR.