Suchergebnisse

The final master's thesis analyzes the competitiveness of Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry. The most pressing problems facing the sector in the pharmaceutical industry are highlighted. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it can be stated that the Lithuanian pharmaceutical sector is one of the most legally regulated economic sectors. It is relatively small - the sector is dominated by companies of different sizes producing pharmaceutical products of different values. The performance of companies varies greatly, and the development of the sector is volatile and depends on the performance of large, multinational companies. It is also noticeable that industrial enterprises are mainly focused on foreign markets - most of the products of the Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry are exported and export values are growing every year. The main weaknesses of the sector are insufficient investment in R&D activities: in the development of new products, patent development and innovations compared to other European Union countries. Also, the Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry does not respond sufficiently to the needs of consumers in the domestic market and the increased demand for pharmaceutical products, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis shows that Lithuania and the European Union pay great attention to the development of the life sciences sector, including the pharmaceutical industry, and companies are encouraged to use financial support or expert advice and consultations to increase industrial competitiveness globally: through R&D activities, cooperation with higher education institutions, innovation development, modernizing or expanding infrastructure, increasing exports or improving the quality assurance system. Also, those companies involved in the development and production of innovative products, especially biotechnological pharmaceuticals with the greatest potential, have a greater competitive advantage.

The final master's thesis analyzes the competitiveness of Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry. The most pressing problems facing the sector in the pharmaceutical industry are highlighted. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it can be stated that the Lithuanian pharmaceutical sector is one of the most legally regulated economic sectors. It is relatively small - the sector is dominated by companies of different sizes producing pharmaceutical products of different values. The performance of companies varies greatly, and the development of the sector is volatile and depends on the performance of large, multinational companies. It is also noticeable that industrial enterprises are mainly focused on foreign markets - most of the products of the Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry are exported and export values are growing every year. The main weaknesses of the sector are insufficient investment in R&D activities: in the development of new products, patent development and innovations compared to other European Union countries. Also, the Lithuanian pharmaceutical industry does not respond sufficiently to the needs of consumers in the domestic market and the increased demand for pharmaceutical products, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis shows that Lithuania and the European Union pay great attention to the development of the life sciences sector, including the pharmaceutical industry, and companies are encouraged to use financial support or expert advice and consultations to increase industrial competitiveness globally: through R&D activities, cooperation with higher education institutions, innovation development, modernizing or expanding infrastructure, increasing exports or improving the quality assurance system. Also, those companies involved in the development and production of innovative products, especially biotechnological pharmaceuticals with the greatest potential, have a greater competitive advantage.

The article examines one of the hardcore vertical restraints in competition law – prohibition (restriction) of parallel trade, with the focus on the assessment of such agreements within the context of pharmaceutical industry. The article discloses that due to the very specific economical and legal environment of the pharmaceutical sector, agreements restricting parallel trade should not be condemned as anticompetitive in all cases. It is discussed whether it is reasonable that extremely negative attitude towards such agreements is more conditioned upon the European Union's internal market integration goal than legal or economic logic.

The article examines one of the hardcore vertical restraints in competition law – prohibition (restriction) of parallel trade, with the focus on the assessment of such agreements within the context of pharmaceutical industry. The article discloses that due to the very specific economical and legal environment of the pharmaceutical sector, agreements restricting parallel trade should not be condemned as anticompetitive in all cases. It is discussed whether it is reasonable that extremely negative attitude towards such agreements is more conditioned upon the European Union's internal market integration goal than legal or economic logic.

The article examines one of the hardcore vertical restraints in competition law – prohibition (restriction) of parallel trade, with the focus on the assessment of such agreements within the context of pharmaceutical industry. The article discloses that due to the very specific economical and legal environment of the pharmaceutical sector, agreements restricting parallel trade should not be condemned as anticompetitive in all cases. It is discussed whether it is reasonable that extremely negative attitude towards such agreements is more conditioned upon the European Union's internal market integration goal than legal or economic logic.

The article examines one of the hardcore vertical restraints in competition law – prohibition (restriction) of parallel trade, with the focus on the assessment of such agreements within the context of pharmaceutical industry. The article discloses that due to the very specific economical and legal environment of the pharmaceutical sector, agreements restricting parallel trade should not be condemned as anticompetitive in all cases. It is discussed whether it is reasonable that extremely negative attitude towards such agreements is more conditioned upon the European Union's internal market integration goal than legal or economic logic.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.

Aim: to investigate the epidemiological situation of pharmaceutical poisonings in Lithuania in the period from 2013 to 2018, characterize etiological and demographic circumstances of pharmaceutical exposures and compare it with situation in other European Union countries. Tasks: 1) to examine the prevalence of pharmaceutical poisoning in Lithuania and compare it with other European Union countries, 2) to specify the groups and medicines mostly involved in poisoning cases, 3) to identify groups of the population prone to pharmaceutical poisoning and associated risk factors. Method: All patients poisoned with medicine, admitted to Lithuanian hospitals in 2013–2018 and registered in the database of National Health Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health were evaluated. The incidence of poisoning expressed in units per 10,000 population per year and mortality in units per 100,000 population per year. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 20 software package. Results: During the study period the prevalence of pharmaceutical poisoning decreased by two fold from 5.86 to 3.34 cases/10000 population/year. In 2013, there were 2.53 cases of intentional poisoning and 1.76 cases of accidental exposure, in 2018 – 1.86 and 1.39 cases respectively. Mortality from pharmaceutical overdose increased by a quarter, from 0.74 deaths to 1 death/100,000 population/year. In 2013, 0.44 deaths identified as suicide and 0.03 deaths were due to nonintentional overdose, in 2018 – 0.5 and 0.36 deaths respectively. Deliberate overdoses most often involved sedatives, hypnotics and antiepileptics (47.6%), psychotropics (29.4%) and non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatic medicines (8.3%). Accidental poisonings were mainly caused by sedatives, hypnotics and antiepileptics (32.7%), systemic and haematological (27.1%), psychotropic (10.6%) and cardiovascular medicines (8.8%). Statistically significantly higher chance of attempted self-poisoning have those with history of self-harm (OR=162.8), experiencing stress (OR=20.8), having mental disorders (OR=13.3), people of working age (OR=9.53), women (OR=5.5), adolescents (OR = 4.8). Higher risk of accidental overdose have children under 9 years (OR = 167.0) and the elderly (OR = 4.18). Conclusions: Although the prevalence of pharmaceutical poisoning in Lithuania decreased in the period of 2013–2018, mortality from overdoses increased. There is a lack of instant and effective identification of people at highest risk for deliberate self-poisoning and suicide, especially adolescent girls and women of working age. Young children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups for accidental pharmaceutical poisoning, it requires increased public awareness of safe medicine storage at home and improved care of geriatric patients. Recommendations: A variety of training methodologies and tools should be developed and improved by academic and health care institutions to help health care specialists and pharmacists gain knowledge and skills to recognize and manage self-destructive behavior in patients. Pharmacies should enhance services by providing information on safe medicine storage at home and rise awareness of risk associated with self-medication by organizing public campaigns.