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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Series Editor's Foreword -- 0 Introduction -- 0.1 Expressive and representational semantics -- 0.2 The received view -- 0.3 Themes -- 1 Intuitionistic Formalism -- 1.1 What was Intuitionistic Formalism? -- 1.1.1 A puzzle about concepts and definitions -- 1.1.2 Tarski, Le´sniewski and Intuitionistic Formalism -- 1.1.3 Formalism -- 1.2 Le´sniewski -- 1.2.1 Le´sniewski's early work -- 1.2.2 Le´sniewski's later work -- 1.3 Kotarbi ´ nski -- 1.4 Tarski in context -- 1.4.1 The axiomatic method -- 1.4.2 Monism vs tolerance -- 1.4.3 Five doctrines -- 1.4.4 Tarski's project -- 2 Tarski as Intuitionistic Formalist -- 2.1 The early metamathematical works -- 2.1.1 Axiomatizing consequence -- 2.1.2 Relativization to a deductive science -- 2.2 Explicit definition -- 2.2.1 Defining definition -- 2.2.2 Two conceptions of definition -- 2.2.3 Padoa's method -- 2.3 Categoricity and completeness of terms -- 2.3.1 Provable monotransformability -- 2.3.2 Absolute monotransformability -- 2.4 Theory and concept -- 3 Semantics -- 3.1 Philosophical resistance -- 3.1.1 The quantifier -- 3.1.2 Paradox -- 3.2 Mathematical acceptance -- 3.3 Intuitionistic Formalism in "On Definable Sets" -- 3.3.1 The intuitive notion of definability -- 3.3.2 Defining definable sets vs defining "Defines" -- 4 Truth -- 4.1 Convention T -- 4.1.1 Terminological notes -- 4.1.2 Truth in the Lvov-Warsaw school -- 4.1.3 Semantic concepts in a mathematical theory -- 4.1.4 T-sentences -- 4.2 Tarski's definitions -- 4.2.1 Truth for the language of the calculus of classes -- 4.2.2 Higher order and polyadicity -- 4.2.3 Domain relativization and consequence -- 4.3 Evaluating Tarski's account -- 4.3.1 Familiar questions -- 4.3.2 Tarskian definitions and Tarski's "theory" -- 4.3.3 Reduction and physicalism -- 4.3.4 Correspondence and deflationism.

This article outlines the philosophy of language of the vitalist philosopher Ludwig Klages, as it can be found in his late work Language as the Source of Psychology ( Die Sprache als Quell der Seelenkunde). First published in 1948, this treatise is full of examples of how everyday usage of words should give us pause for thought – underlining the link between philosophy and life that is inherent to the project of vitalism or Lebensphilosophie. In line with the remit for submissions to this issue of the Journal of European Studies intended to mark 50 years since its inception, the article reflects the interest of its contributor (translation studies and the history of ideas), forms part of a larger project to retrieve the thought of a largely forgotten thinker, and showcases a work that occupies a key position in the history of twentieth-century thought and has been seminal to the contributor's own development. For ultimately Klages's philosophy of language illustrates the truth of Goethe's maxim, 'the point of life is life itself'.

1. Introduction: 20 Years of Experimental Philosophy of Language (David Bordonaba-Plou) -- Part 1. The Experimental Philosophy of Language Methodology -- 2. A Bibliometric Analysis of Experimental Philosophy of Language (Javier Osorio-Mancilla) -- 3. Experimental Philosophy and Ordinary Language Philosophy (Masaharu Mizumoto) -- 4. Does Scientific Conceptual Analysis Provide Better Justification than Armchair Conceptual Analysis? (Hristo Valchev) -- 5. Distributional Theories of Meaning: Experimental Philosophy of Language (Jumbly Grindrod) -- Part 2. Experimental Philosophy of Language and Corpus Methods -- 6. Are Moral Predicates Subjective? A Corpus Study (Isidora Stojanovic and Louise McNally) -- 7. Linguistic Corpora and Ordinary Language: On the Dispute between Ryle and Austin about the Use of 'Voluntary', 'Involuntary', 'Voluntarily', and 'Involuntarily' (Michael Zahorec, Robert Bishop, Nat Hansen, John Schwenkler and Justin Sytsma) -- 8. Light in Assessing Color Quality: An Arabic-Spanish Cross-Linguistic Study (David Bordonaba-Plou and Laila M. Jreis-Navarro) -- Part 3. Politically-Engaged Experimental Philosophy of Language -- 9. Experimentally-Informed Philosophy of Hate Speech (Bianca Cepollaro) -- 10. Slurs in the Rio de la Plata (Ana C. Polakof) -- 11. Who Has a Free Speech Problem? Motivated Censorship across the Ideological Divide? (Manuel Almagro-Holgado, Ivar A. Rodríguez and Neftalí Villanueva) -- Part 4. Experimental Philosophy of Language and Psychology -- 12. How Understanding Shapes Reasoning: Experimental Argument Analysis with Methods from Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics (Eugen Fischer and Aurélie Herbelot) -- 13. From Infants to Great Apes: False Belief Attribution and Primitivism about Truth (Joseph Ulatowski and Jeremy Wyatt).

Ernst Tugendhat's major work, Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die sprachanalytische Philosophie (1976), was translated into English in 1982. Although trained in Heideggerian phenomenological and hermeneutical thinking, Tugendhat increasingly came to believe that the most appropriate approach to philosophy was an analytical one. This influential work grew from that conviction and brought new perspectives to some of the central and abiding questions of metaphysics and the philosophy of language. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by Hans-Johann Glock, illuminating its enduring importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, this impressive work has been revived for a new generation of readers

"This book highlights the legacy of the Lvov-Warsaw School in broadly understood contemporary philosophy of language. Fundamental methodological issues, important topics in syntax, semantics and pragmatics (such as modern Categorial Grammar, theories of truth, game-theoretical semantics, and argumentation theory) are tracked down to their origins in the Lvov-Warsaw School, and - the other way round - modern renderings of the ideas expressed by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Stanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Twardowski, and other members of the School are presented. Among contributors there are philosophers, logicians, formal linguists and other specialists from France, Italy, Poland, and Spain"--

This book is the first to provide a critical history of analytic philosophy from its inception in the late nineteenth century to the present day. Quentin Smith focuses on the connections between the four leading movements in analytic philosophy—logical realism, logical positivism, ordinary language analysis, and linguistic essentialism—and corresponding twentieth-century theories of ethics and of religion. Through a critical evaluation of each school's theoretical positions, Smith counters the widespread view of analytic philosophy as indifferent to important questions about right and wrong and human meaning. He argues that analytic philosophy throughout its history has revolved around the central issues of existence, and he offers a new ethics and philosophy of religion.The author develops a positive ethical theory based on a method of ethics first formulated by Robert Adams. Smith's theory belongs to the tradition of perfectionism or self-realization ethics and builds on Thomas Hurka's recent theory of perfectionism. In his consideration of philosophy of religion, Smith concludes that there is a sound "logical argument from evil" that takes into account Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense and undermines monotheism, paving the way to a naturalistic pantheism

One Historical Foundations of the Philosophy of Language -- One The Origin of the Philosophy of Language -- Two The Foundation of the Philosophy of Language -- Chater Three The Exploration of the Range of Language -- Four Language and the Rise of the Modern Era -- Two Contemporary Issues in the Philosophy of Language -- One Language and Precision -- Two Ordinary Language -- Three The Eminence of Language -- Four The Structure of Language -- Conclusion -- Conclusion.

Critic, poet and philosopher Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829) was a leading figure of German Romanticism. In the two years before his untimely death, he wrote three cycles of lectures intended as part of a larger project to lay the foundations of a new general philosophy. Two of these cycles, 'Philosophie des Lebens' (given in 1827, published 1828) and 'Philosophie des Sprache und des Wortes' (given in December 1828 and published posthumously), are reissued here in an 1847 English translation. The first presents Schlegel's understanding of philosophy as independent of theology or politics, concerned with the 'inner spiritual life' of humankind. The second explores the nature of communication through language and art. Schlegel argues that full human consciousness cannot be restored by Enlightenment science, but only by divine revelation and redemption. He offers no ready-made solutions, but encourages his listeners to develop their own responses to these questions

The author argues that Thomas Hobbes anticipates a set of questions about meaning and semantic order that come to fuller expression in the 20th century, in the writings of W.V.O. Quine, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Donald Davidson, Jacques Derrida, and Richard Rorty. Despite their different points of departure, these 20th-century writers pose a number of profound questions about the conditions for the stability of meaning, and about the conditions that govern the use of the term "language" itself. Though the more recent debate benefits from a set of philosophical tools unavailable in the seventeenth century, the author further argues that Hobbes performs a number of maneuvers in his texts from which his 20th-century successors would profit.

Volume I -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Part I Meaning and Theories`of Meaning -- Chapter 1 Metaphysics, Philosophy, and the Philosophy of Language -- 1 Two Positions -- 2 Dummett and Thought -- 3 Wittgenstein, Early and Late -- 4 Carnap and Quine -- 5 Ordinary Language Philosophy -- 6 The Turn Back -- 7 The Larger Picture -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Meaning and Truth-Conditions: From Frege's Grand Design to Davidson's -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Intention and Convention in the Theory of Meaning -- 1 Lewis on the Public-Language Relation -- 2 Intention-Based Semantics -- 3 An Almost-Gricean Semantics -- 4 What Endures? -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Meaning, Use, Verification -- 1 Meaning as Use -- 2 Verificationism -- 3 Rules and Norms -- Notes -- References -- Postscript -- Meaning Is Use -- Use and Assertion -- A First Response: Specialized Assertion Conditions -- A Second Response: Adding to Assertion Conditions -- Fitch's Paradox or the Paradox of Knowability -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Semantics and Pragmatics -- 1 Pragmatics and Semantics -- 2 Austin on Locutionary, Illocutionary, and Perlocutionary Acts -- 3 Grice on Illocutionary Acts -- 4 Grice on Basic and Derivative Illocutionary Acts -- 5 The Orthodox View -- 6 Occasion-Sensitivity -- 7 Basic and Derivative Illocutionary Acts -- 8 Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Chapter 6 Pragmatics -- 1 Semantic Properties -- 2 The Pragmatic View -- 3 Domestications -- 4 Implicature -- 5 Metaphysics -- 6 Perspective -- 7 Thoughts -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- Postscript -- In Retrospect -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 On the Linguistic Status of Context Sensitivity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Terms of Debate