The seemingly inexhaustible debate over the proper role of the Supreme Court in constitutional adjudication concerns an issue of enormous practical importance: whether the Court has or should have the power to overturn the decision of a democratically elected legislature to, say, prohibit abortions, affects not only the allocation of significant political power, but also the moral lives and indeed the very bodies of millions of citizens. For this reason, many contributions to that debate, from academics as well as from practicing politicians, have burned with the passion of political commitment, seeking to influence events directly by persuading judges (or those who might have power to constrain them) to adopt particular policies. Michael Perry's The Constitution, the Courts, and Human Rights is not such a book. I don't mean that Perry lacks political commitment, or does not sincerely wish that the courts would adopt the program he proposes. But both his substantive conclusions and his writing style suggest not only that the book is not directly addressed to an audience of judges and legislators, but also that his project is fundamentally detached from what political institutions actually do. Perry brings to his book a thoughtful intelligence and a comprehensive knowledge of the academic literature on the questions he addresses, and he has much to say that is interesting and valuable. But I think that few will find his conclusions satisfying as a program for the Supreme Court to follow.
Vertebrate pest problems are foremost economic, political and social rather than biological anomalies. Students are often turned away from vertebrate control, which is applied ecology, by professors who know only theory and do not understand the ecology of man-modified environments. Applied ecologists seeking alternative methods of vertebrate control benefit environment far more than the negative, anti-control approach based on half-truths that are used for self-serving purposes by many protectionist organizations and government leaders in CEQ, EPA and USDI. A healthy ethic, with deep ecological conscience, would be to appreciate the glory of death in nature, for death means life to other individuals within a species. A vertebrate control operation has benefit factors other than the individual or species being controlled, whereas the objective of wildlife management favors the well-being of local populations of the species in question. Since Land-Grant Universities are geared for research and extension support from the USDA, it is a mistake to have the responsibility for vertebrate pest control in the conservation wildlife-management oriented Fish and Wildlife Service of USDI.
I would suggest to you that during the more than two centuries that have elapsed since the American Revolution, American political philosophy has been notable principally for the contrapuntal themes that rise and fall as the nation matures. Numerous commentators have pointed out that certain ideals have long been widely shared by Americans: individual autonomy, liberty, equality, and a belief in limited, decentralized government.1 But no one would be so bold as to describe the present government of the United States as embodying those ideals. We have a strong national government that, with occasional lapses, impinges more and more on the activities of each individual citizen as time goes by.Yet most Americans are downright suspicious of, if not hostile to,governmental authority of any sort. This gap between our feelings about government in the abstract and the existing national, state,and local governments that we have in fact created in this country has made grist for the mill of those who would question the legitimacy of governmental authority-however much that authority may be completely consistent with the United States Constitution.
Based on the author's Der Staat in der katholischen Gedankenwelt (Paderborn, 1935). ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; conv lwr
"Historical notice of the life and works of M. de Sismondi, by M. Mignet": p. [1]-24. ; First published in 1847. ; "List of M. de Sismondi's works": p. [457]-459. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Mr. Sutton discusses the newly formed English Law Commission in an effort to present constructive suggestions for the establishment and maintenance of effective law revision programs for other jurisdictions. He examines the structure of the English commission and points out that the qualities of flexibility, independence, and opportunity for early compromise of its proposals with legislators are essential for a successful law revision commission. The author concludes that the major value to be gained from the English commission is its adoption of a new philosophy of law reform--give the commission sufficient latitude to enable it to stimulate advanced legislation.
This document titled "The Humanics Philosophy: A Legacy" is the Humanics Lecture that was given at Springfield College by Distinguished Professor of Humanics Dr. Josephine L. Cecco on May 8, 1980. In Cecco's lecture she explains that a Collegium is organized to resolve several "structural and procedural" problems; namely racism, student and faculty relationships, judicial processes, student participation in the decision-making bodies, role of the trustees, and Humanics. She stated, "For we will have one college or none at all." She discusses the history of the school and its origins in religious courses of study aimed to educate future ministers and YMCA workers, later adding in courses in Humanics or the study of man and his natural needs, growth, and development. Next, Cecco posed questions from the Humanics Course Proposals such as, "How does the course contribute to the improvement of the Human Condition? What attitudes and value perceptions would you expect minimal mastery of the contents of this course to develop, re-enforce, or otherwise alter?" She draws findings to these questions through analogies posed in recent educational research. She states that the school must respond to the changing needs and opportunities of a democratic society and that the task is to educate individuals so that they participate constructively in the economic, social, and political life of the society. She explains the importance of an emphasis is on individual self-realization that is similar to the concepts of "fullness" or "full-grown man" of the Humanics Philosophy. ; Humanics is a word that has a special meaning in the history and philosophy of Springfield College, as well as in the college's motto of "Spirit, Mind, and Body." The Oxford English Dictionary defines Humanics as, "the subject or study of human affairs or relations, especially of the human element of a problem or situation as opposed to the mechanical." In 1962, Dr. Glenn Olds, President of Springfield College at the time, began to wonder why this name was given to the intended philosophy of the college by Dr. Laurence Locke Doggett, Springfield College's first full-time president. Olds acknowledged that the practices of the faculty were in large part consistent with the Humanics philosophy, but he believed that a more self-conscious application would improve chances of its continuity and survival. To ensure this, a Distinguished Professor of Humanics position was created at the college, first filled by Dr. Seth Arsenian from 1966-1969. The purpose of this position was to catalyze a renewal of consciousness in the philosophy. This was done by annually mandating the Distinguished Professor of Humanics to give a Humanics lecture on the definition of Humanics and what the concept means to them. Arsenian started this tradition in 1967 with his speech titled, "The Meaning of Humanics," in which he described the concept as a set of ideas, values, and goals that make our college distinct from other colleges and make commitment and unity toward commonly sought goals possible.
"Prepared at the request of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, United States Army. Updates DA pamphlet no. 600-10-1, 1975 [with title: The Executive : philosophy, problems and practices]." ; Photocopy. ; Mode of access: Internet.
In the past twenty-five years advances in research have increased awareness of the deleterious effects of criminal sanction to an extent that they are now undeniable from any political or academic viewpoint. The most obvious and immediate unofficial sanction accompanying conviction in a criminal court, social and familial ostracism, has been relegated to the background by application of subcultural theory' and empirical demonstration that a single conviction rarely causes severe and lasting effects on family ties. 2 Meanwhile discrimination against ex-offenders in employment markets, both private3 and public, 4 has been clearly demonstrated in many countries. American writers have documented widely the loss of civil rights and status of ex-offenders5 and while there is good reason for the United States to feel more guilty in respect of such stigmatization - civil disabilities are considerably more prevalent in the U.S.A. than elsewhere in the cpmmon law world - at least one writer has pointed out that their neighbours across the 49th parallel are far from innocent of such derogation of the ex-offender status.6 Old convictions can affect licence applications7 and the contractual,8 testatory9 and immigration capacities 10 of the bearer. While police science has highlighted the prejudice toward known offenders that is prevalent in many police departments sociological theory has demonstrated the danger that a person once 'labelled' a criminal will develop a self-concept which leads to further criminal activity.12 It goes almost without saying that the continued existence of various prejudices in the ex-offender's environment may contribute heavily to this process.
In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency on the part of government to take upon itself increased governmental functions relative to public welfare considerations. One expression of this interest is reflected in the several modifications and additions to the Social Security Act of 1935, which was designed to provide federal grants-in-aid to states to help them aid the needy, aged, the blind, and children who had been deprived of support or care by a parent's death, incapacity, or absence from home. One of the underlying philosophies of this act was to provide aid for individual security. The significance of recent changes in the Federal Social Security Act is vital to the American people because it affects the security of every human being, especially the working class. The social security program is playing a more important role than ever in the history of America. It is the primary duty of the social security programs to provide security for the working class in our democratic society. It is apparent that public efforts to promote what is now called "social security" have deep roots in our national life and outdate by many years the passage of the Social Security Act. For years after the colonization of America, relief of the poor was carried on by local communities. Relative to the first era of the social security act, Eveline M. Burns stated that: The local origin of such programs authorized by the Social Security Act are operated by the states and the Federal government's role is to help finance, to see to it that the states conform to the standards in the Federal Law, and to assist the states in improving their programs. In order to aid the reader in gaining insight into the old-age and survivors, disability insurance and old-age assistance programs under investigation, the purpose of the study, its scope, method of approach, and terms relevant to the study are presented below.
Vydūnas (Vilius Storosta, 1868-1953), the outstanding representative of Lithuanian culture in East Prussia (former part of Germany), was a many-sided personality: a philosopher, a writer, a cultural worker, a publicist. Vydūnas' creative work embraces the period from the last decade of the 19th century to the third decade of the 20th century. The struggle against German militarism was the mainspring of Vydūnas' philosophical and dramatic works, which acquired great importance during the Great Patriotic War and the fight of Lithuanian people against German invaders. Being influenced by Indian philosophy Vydūnas points out the necessity of moral improvement of a personality and of all the people. Consciousness is the most important feature of man. It is brought to perfection in the course of creative activity. A man depends on his own behaviour and non on the mercy of fate. The triumph of humanity over inborn instincts in the inner world of man is the basis of morality. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamos žmogaus ir žmoniškumo koncepcijos ir jų vieta Vydūno filosofijoje, jo humanizmo objektyvios ir subjektyvios prielaidos. Teigiama, kad didžiausią dėmesį Vydūnas skyrė žmogaus sąmonei, dvasiai, kuri įgalina žmogų mąstyti ir kurti. Pasak Vydūno, žmogus pirmiausia yra atskiras individas, po to didelio kolektyvo – tautos – narys. Tauta yra savotiškas individas visoje žmonijoje, o ši yra pasaulio visumos komponentas. Žmogaus esmė glūdi ne kūne, bet savojo Aš, individualybės, suvokime. Vydūno tautos koncepcijoje svarbiausias dalykas yra kūrybos darbu besireiškiantis žmoniškumas. Pasak filosofo, tik būdamas tautos narys ir jai tarnaudamas, žmogus gali pasiekti aukščiausią žmoniškumą. Savo teorijas Vydūnas grindė žmogaus dvasine prigimtimi, išskiriančia jį iš kitų pasaulio objektų, įgalinančia sukurti grožio ir gėrio pasaulį. Dvasinė prigimtis kyla iš idealistiškai suvoktų kūrybinių galių.
First, the article displays a brief historical introduction presenting the context in which the understanding of the medieval idea of the Empire's restauration is made possible. Secondly, it follows the developments of the Convivio and the Monarchia where Dante tends to demonstrate Rome's right to Empire. Thirdly, an attempt is made to demonstrate the exclusively theological character of Book II of the Monarchia, which, according to the method employed there by Dante, responds formally to the method ofthe loci theologici. In the fourth place, it tries to show that Dante gives a rational character to the theological argumentation of Book II: a rationality that is, finally, originated in divine providence. According to the double character (theological-philosophical) of Dante's methodology, the fifth part is devoted to make evident the structure of the Theology of History outlined by Dante, assuming a sacred (theological)- profane (rational) character. Finally, a brief reference is made regarding the sources of Dante's providentialism. ; En primer lugar, el artículo despliega una sucinta introducción histórica para presentar el contexto que hace posible entender la idea medieval de la restauración del Imperio. En segundo lugar, sigue los desarrollos del Convivio y de la Monarchiadonde Dante tiende a demostrar el derecho de Roma al Imperio. En tercer lugar, se intenta demostrar el carácter exclusivamente teológico del Libro II de la Monarchia, el que, de acuerdo al m´étodo utilizado por Dante, responde formalmente al méotdo de los loci theologici. En cuarto lugar, se trata de mostrar que Dante le otorga un carácter racional a esta argumentación teológica del Libro II: una racionalidad que es, finalmente, originada en la Divina Providencia. De acuerdo a este doble carácter (teológico-filosófico) de la metodología dantesca, en quinto lugar se busca hacer evidente la estructura de la Teología de la Historia diseñada por Dante, que asume un carácter sagrado (teológico)-profano (racional). Finalmente, se realiza una pequeña referencia a las fuentes del providencialismo de Dante.
En primer lugar, el artículo despliega una sucinta introducción histórica para presentar el contexto que hace posible entender la idea medieval de la restauración del Imperio. En segundo lugar, sigue los desarrollos del Convivio y de la Monarchiadonde Dante tiende a demostrar el derecho de Roma al Imperio. En tercer lugar, se intenta demostrar el carácter exclusivamente teológico del Libro II de la Monarchia, el que, de acuerdo al m´étodo utilizado por Dante, responde formalmente al méotdo de los loci theologici. En cuarto lugar, se trata de mostrar que Dante le otorga un carácter racional a esta argumentación teológica del Libro II: una racionalidad que es, finalmente, originada en la Divina Providencia. De acuerdo a este doble carácter (teológico-filosófico) de la metodología dantesca, en quinto lugar se busca hacer evidente la estructura de la Teología de la Historia diseñada por Dante, que asume un carácter sagrado (teológico)-profano (racional). Finalmente, se realiza una pequeña referencia a las fuentes del providencialismo de Dante. ; First, the article displays a brief historical introduction presenting the context in which the understanding of the medieval idea of the Empire's restauration is made possible. Secondly, it follows the developments of the Convivio and the Monarchia where Dante tends to demonstrate Rome's right to Empire. Thirdly, an attempt is made to demonstrate the exclusively theological character of Book II of the Monarchia, which, according to the method employed there by Dante, responds formally to the method ofthe loci theologici. In the fourth place, it tries to show that Dante gives a rational character to the theological argumentation of Book II: a rationality that is, finally, originated in divine providence. According to the double character (theological-philosophical) of Dante's methodology, the fifth part is devoted to make evident the structure of the Theology of History outlined by Dante, assuming a sacred (theological)- profane (rational) character. Finally, a brief reference is made regarding the sources of Dante's providentialism.
