Suchergebnisse

Aventurar-se no pensamento em filosofia não depende, a princípio, do uso necessário dos arsenais da razão. Antes, seria necessário lançar-se em seus domínios e ficar à espreita dos seus acontecimentos. Somente quando esses ocorrerem teremos como distinguir os que coincidem enormemente com o que já fazemos e pensamos, e os que trazem o novo. Talvez aí, de fato, algum empenho tenha sentido. Assim, ao me deparar com os escritos da filosofia da diferença, de maneira especial com os de Deleuze, Guattari e Foucault, foi possível deslocar a minha prática docente em filosofia dos moldes da filosofia maior e vislumbrar a filosofia em sua menoridade. Aliás, pelo inusitado dos acontecimentos que atravessam nossas salas de aula, penso que seja possível sugerir aos alunos que inventem suas próprias regras de fazer filosofia, segundo uma nova maneira de confecção, um novo estilo que lhes seja próprio, ou seja, que tomem os autores da história do pensamento como matéria de entretimento, por meio de novas composições que não aquelas que os textos filosóficos já oferecem; que selecionem autores que endossam aquilo em que pensam, fazendo uso intensivo deles; que traiam os autores, respeitando-os o máximo, sem reproduzi-los.

The article attempts to provide a definition for the problem area of the philosophy of politics, political philosophy and political science. Given the lack of a well-established distinction between the subjects of these sciences in the Russian-language discourse, the author turns to the English-language tradition. The analysis of this discourse shows the following: 1) the absence of a distinction between political philosophy and the philosophy of politics, which is replaced by political ontology as part of political philosophy; 2) the existence of a distinction between political theory and political philosophy; 3) the dependence of the paradigm of the relationship between political theory and political philosophy on the consensus developed in the national intellectual tradition. In the English-language discourse, the question of the relationship between political science and political philosophy comes to the fore. The latter is considered as a subordinate, integral part of political science. It is shown that, based on the criterion of "insufficient scientificity", attempts to exclude political philosophy from the political science do not stop. The article substantiates the position according to which, despite their apparent similarity, the subjects of political science and political philosophy do not coincide – the disciplinary ontology of political science can become the subject of political philosophy. When discussing the relationship between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy, the article presents several hypotheses. First, a distinction is made between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy and the author argues that they are distinct. Secondly, the position, according to which the philosophy of politics belongs to the field of philosophy, and political philosophy to political science, is critically examined, and the fact that the two disciplines belong to the philosophical corpus of knowledge is substantiated. Thirdly, it is proposed to demarcate between the philosophy of politics and political philosophy in accordance with the difference between their subjects. The subject of philosophy of politics is the phenomenon of the political, while the subject of political philosophy is political phenomena.

Este artigo trata sobre as (im)possibilidades do diálogo entre a filosofia e a psicanálise, atentando para tanto em alguns pontos que separam esses dois campos. Em primeiro lugar, considera-se o que a filosofia recusou ao se constituir e se diferenciar de outros campos do discurso e do saber, nos seus primórdios, na Grécia Antiga. O que nessa discussão está em causa é a filosofia socrático-platônica e a sua diferença em face da perspectiva trágica, que é abordada no âmbito das crenças religiosas gregas e na obra dos poetas trágicos. No segundo item são recuperadas certas conceitualizações de Freud sobre o psiquismo, com o intuito de indicar a presença da perspectiva trágica em sua concepção de homem. Finaliza-se retomando algumas das razões que levaram Freud a criticar e se distanciar da filosofia, inclusive da vertente que acolhe a perspectiva trágica. As (im)possibilidades do diálogo entre a filosofia e a psicanálise são então apontadas, considerando-se sobretudo as relações que se estabelecem entre esses dois campos depois de Freud.

This article provides an overview of the Seventh International Readings on the History of Russian Philosophy, entitled "Intercultural Philosophy: A Polylogue of Traditions", which were held at the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a branch of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The path of the intercultural philosophy began around the 1980ies and 1990ies in Germany and Austria as a criticism of Western-centrism in philosophy and as an ideological alternative to the Western style of thinking. In this conference, an attempt was made to transfer the principles and methods of intercultural philosophy (philosophy of polylogue) to the history of Russian philosophy. This article also offers a summary of the structure of the conference, the content of its plenary lectures as well as the reports on the intercultural subjects and polylogue methodology, including their applied aspects. The main parts of the plenary sessions, roundtables and seminars that were held within the conference are also analyzed. It is pointed out that the process of formation of intercultural philosophy has not been completed yet; its terminology has not been established; and, eventually, the methods and results have not received wide recognition. However, the period of declarations and of manifestos is coming to an end. The conference contributed to the popularization of intercultural philosophy and the philosophy of polylogue in Russia. Relying on the experience and traditions of non-Western thinking, it offers a solution to the problems facing modern humanity, it indicates a number of possible ways to overcome the crisis situations in culture and society, and it also provides some answers to the "eternal" philosophical questions.

The text presents and discusses the theme of interdisciplinarity with special focus on the human sciences from two articulated movements. (A) In the first part we are dedicated to the elaboration of the problem of cultural fragmentation (which brings us to the interdisciplinary challenge) by allusion to the "modern ambience" as a historically determined way of relating to culture and knowledge, for what Thomas Kuhn calls "normal science." (B) In the second part, and starting of such historical and epistemological considerations of modern subjectivation, it is important to point out the challenges involved in the design of an interdisciplinary formation and at the same time signaling to some strategy of facing the problem of "cultural fragmentation" - regarded as a deeply anchored historical phenomenon. The broad "cultural fragmentation" that multiple interdisciplinary strategies aim to combat in the school setting is especially experienced as a disciplinary compartmentalization of the curriculum in general and of the human sciences we are looking at here. In this context, we maintain that the curricular component of philosophy, but also the philosophical spirit pedagogically dilated, respectively, constitute a promising epistemological formation and strategy for confronting cultural fragmentation in the interdisciplinarity register.

In the present article we analyze the understanding and the use of the Kantian philosophy by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, Nobel Prize of Physics of 1932, formulator of the principle of uncertainty. Heisenberg seems to adopt a neo-Kantian understanding of the nature of science, according to which science would not deal with the real itself, but only with the way it appears, which inescapably depends on the interaction between the subject and the object of knowledge. However, in spite of this conception, Heisenberg considers that the Kantian definitions of "space", "time" and "causality" are not compatible with the developments of the quantum mechanics. In this opportunity we will see more carefully the conception of science and the problem of causality.

O artigo visa partir da filosofia dos valores de Nietzsche para pensar a educação desde a consideração de que a avaliação dos valores é fundamental para concepções e conteúdos educacionais. A exposição principia pela discussão com Thomas E. Hart e seu livro Nietzsche, cultura and education (Nietzsche, cultura e educação), visando apresentar aproximações e distanciamentos com a análise empreendida; e, posteriormente, propõe investigar a relação entre educação e filosofia dos valores, desde suas perspectivas e consequências.

This article aims to analyze one of Mészáros' criticisms of Sartre, that is, the negative determination of totality. Starting from the distinction between real and unreal, we return to the discussion between the real and the imaginary and indicate a third element, the possible, as the texture of the real. The possible characterizes the real as a movement and denotes this as a totalization. Thus, always as process and possibility, the real and the total are understood according to the freedom of the subject.

O presente artigo pretende propor um determinado ensino de filosofia para jovens, hoje, na escola, que seja uma forma de ação política transformadora do mundo. Partimos da contextualização de nossos tempos como tendo a vida tomada pela política em sociedades de controle para defendermos a ação de criação de mundos possíveis a partir do mundo dado e imposto pelos mecanismos de poder que nos capturam. A possibilidade de criação não é mérito de poucos, está ao alcance de qualquer um, do homem comum. Uma ação educativa da filosofia na escola poderia ser a de fazer os alunos passarem por uma experiência filosófica em seu pensamento como uma disciplina de criar conceitos, dentro dessa perspectiva de incentivar a criação de outros tantos mundos possíveis e diferentes.

This article aims to present the emergence and the problems which the concept of Thatsache or fact of consciousness attempts to solve in the development of elementary philosophy in its early years. To accomplish this task four texts will be analyzed in three steps. Primarily, the investigation focuses on the difference between internal and external conditions of representation in relation to the mere representation and the problems which it rises in his Essay on a new theory of the human capacity of representation (1789). Secondly, the article analyses how Reinhold tries to solve these problems through the concept of fact of consciousness proposing a definition to the representation as a proposition in his On the possibility of philosophy as rigorous science and New presentation of the chiefs moments of elementary philosophy, both present in the Contribution to the correction of previous misunderstandings of the philosophers (1790). Thirdly, how this concept works not only as a principle of consciousness, but also as a ground to elementary philosophy and the philosophy as well, especially in the On the foundation of philosophical knowledge (1791), known just as Fundamentschrift.