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Background: South Africa's development and growth in healthcare since the 1900s is phenomenal, but certain present-day healthcare policies such as the Traditional Health Practitioners Act (Act No 22, 2007), could jeopardize it. Aims: The study aims to determine if the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 is a godsend to the South African healthcare or if there is an indication of doom. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study that makes use of an historical approach by means of investigation and a literature review. The emphasis is on using current documentation like articles, books and newspapers as primary sources to reflect on the thinking and opinions around the contribution of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 of 2007 to the South African healthcare sector. The findings are offered in narrative form. Results: It seems that the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 (2007) was promulgated without comprehensive exploratory research and an in-depth consultation with all the role-players involved in South Africa's healthcare, especially the already statutory registered health professionals. Conclusion: Political influences played a strong part in the promulgation of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act in 2007. In 2017 it is still not fully operational and the indication is that it will take years for the traditional health practitioner to become a full member of the health sector, if ever. This health Act can cause serious long-term disturbances for the already established healthcare practitioners and the statutory healthcare sector.

Postgraduate research degrees in some systems, such as the UK, can be almost exclusively research based, with little formal, compulsory taught component. Government reviews recommend 10 days per year training in generic or transferable skills to ensure the suitability of doctoral graduates for employment. Professional bodies stipulate a commitment to continuing professional development as a requirement for chartered or accredited status. This includes The Chartered Society of Forensic Science and the British Association for Forensic Anthropology, as well as institutions for related fields such as The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Increasing numbers of universities therefore offer skills training programmes. Research students were surveyed to investigate their attendance and views on non-mandatory training courses, and only 33% of students agreed that all training needs were covered by their degree. However, in contrast to the recommended training commitment, over a one-year period students attended a mean of 5.5±0.7 training days, with 12% attending no training. Responses indicate a significant demand for increased training in management, consistent with government reviews; however, this work also indicates that provision of technical training should be addressed. Short course availability, design, delivery, promotion and recognition are discussed in relation to improving student uptake to reduce to the discrepancy between attendance levels and recommendations or aspirations.

Korbinian Hartl beleuchtet die Rollen von Suchmaschinen innerhalb der verfassungsrechtlichen Ordnung. Dogmatisch geht der Autor zunächst der Verortung von Suchmaschinen innerhalb der Kommunikationsgrundrechte nach, um aufbauend darauf die Frage nach dem "Ob" einer Reaktionspflicht des Gesetzgebers auf vorhandenes Wirkpotential zu behandeln. Den Abschluss bildet die Auseinandersetzung mit Regulierungsoptionen de lege ferenda. Innerhalb der verfassungsrechtlichen Ordnung werden Suchmaschinen nicht als rein technische "Dokumentensammler", sondern als mit eigener Wirkmacht versehene zentrale Instanzen betrachtet. Der Inhalt Untersuchungsgegenstand Suchmaschinen Freie individuelle und öffentliche Meinungsbildung Suchmaschinen und ihre Rolle im Prozess der freien Meinungsbildung Suchmaschinen im Gewährleistungsgefüge des Art. 5 Abs. 1 GG Reaktionspflichten des Staates Regulierungsoptionen de lege ferenda Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften und Medienwissenschaften Medienregulierer, Führungskräfte aus der öffentlichen Verwaltung, Kanzleimitarbeiter aus dem Bereich des IT-Rechts Der Autor Dr. Korbinian Hartl ist Referendar am OLG München und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht und Informationstechnologierecht der Universität Passau

Traduit en italien par Miranda Boldrini. ; International audience ; Drawing from Mikhaïl Bakhtin's dialogism and Martha Nussbaum's moralparticularism, we propose to understand the ways in which literature canexpress and support moral resistance. The argument is the following: when aliterary work is written with an attention to particulars (comprising theelements of contextuality, incommensurability and surprise, followingNussbaum's analysis in Love's Knowledge (1990)), it is capable ofshowing what is denied by oppressive representations of human beings: namely,that each person constitutes a unique point of view and a unique voice,resisting the identity assignations necessary for political and socialoppression. Within this theoretical background, we propose an analysis ofJean Rhys' literary works, especially Good Morning Midnight (1939).

Jan Patočka became politically active for the first time as a spokesperson of the dissident movement Charter 77. In this capacity he wrote several essays, the first of which, entitled "On the Matters of The Plastic People of the Universe and DG 307", I interpret as the explanation and justification of his turn toward political engagement. The following article is a reading of Patočka's essay that pays particular attention to a peculiar formal feature of the essay – namely that it's presented as a reversal of Dostoevsky's short story "The Dream of a Ridiculous Man". In reversing this story, Patočka shows us the two basic ways of human life and explains his political engagement as an action taken on behalf of the properly human way of life, which he calls "life in truth" or "the responsible life". The purpose of his political engagement thus wasn't defending human rights, but defending life in truth, to which human rights provide suitable conditions. "On the Matters…" also presents Patočka's assessment of the Communist regime with clarity and severity not seen elsewhere in his writings, and shows a shift in his views of youth and youthful rebellion.

Este estudio analiza los principales temas relativos a la doctrina de la guerra justa (bellum justum) en el pensamiento y en la obra del teólogo jesuita español Francisco Suárez que, como se sabe, ha contribuido notablemente al nacimiento del derecho inter nationes, característico de la edad moderna. La profundización de este autor –por medio del análisis de las fuentes y su hermenéutica comparada– puede, en efecto, ofrecer importantes trazos para elaborar también una respuesta a la pregunta actual de si puede existir una "guerra justa" y si puede o debe darse una "guerra humanitaria". Este autor afrontó con gran atención en su producción filosófica, entre otros, el tema de la licitud o deber, o no, de la intervención bélica preventiva para socorrer a los inocentes, además de la cuestión de la posibilidad de una eventual guerra que sea "justa" para ambas partes en conflicto. Dentro de la tradición cristiana, la reflexión sobre la guerra y sobre su licitud podía ya valerse de las contribuciones fundamentales ofrecidas por diversos "clásicos" del pensamiento, entre los cuales están Agustín, Isidoro de Sevilla y Tomás de Aquino, aunque tanto Francisco de Vitoria como Francisco Suárez en el siglo XVI fueron llamados a desarrollar su reflexión en un contexto nuevo, caracterizado en cualquier caso por una situación internacional que se estaba trasformando notablemente, y con cuya doctrina "tradicional" sobre la guerra debía entendérselas. Se estaba ya en un escenario político en el que sobre la escena europea se estaba afirmando imparablemente el "Estado moderno" y las naciones no estaban ya dispuestas a someterse al juicio del emperador o del papa para saber cuál de los contendientes llevaba una guerra verdaderamente "justa". En tal contexto se desarrolló el pensamiento del teólogo jesuita, que se manifiesta sobre todo en la disputatio De bello, de la cual, tras haber presentado algunas notas de contexto, este estudio ofrece los principales elementos.// This paper analyzes the principal themes concerning the doctrine of just war (bellum justum) in the thought and the writings of Francisco Suárez, who, as is well known, has contributed significantly to the birth of jurisprudence inter nationes characteristic of the modern period. The deeper study of this author can offer important points for the drawing up of a response to the question today whether there can be a "just war", and whether "a humanitarian war" can or even must be conducted. In his writings Suárez, in fact, carefully dealt among other things with the theme of the "liceity" and necessity or otherwise of a preventive military offensive to come to the aid of the innocent, as well as the question of the possibility of an eventual "just" war for both sides in the conflict. Within the Christian tradition the reflection concerning war and its "licitness" could already draw upon the fundamental contributions offered by the various "classics" of thought, among whom Augustine, Isidore of Seville and Thomas Aquinas. Nevertheless, in the sixteenth century both Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suárez were called upon to develop their reflections in a new context, characterized by an international situation in profound transformation, with which the "traditional" doctrine of war had to come to grips. A new political scenario was already emerging on the European scene in which the "modern State" was establishing itself irresistibly, and the nations were no longer disposed to submit themselves to the judgment of the Emperor or the Pope in order to determine who among the contending parties was waging a truly "just" war. In this context, the thought of the Jesuit theologian took shape and found expression above all in the disputatio De bello, of which, after situating it in its context, this paper presents the principal elements.

The article analyses the ways in which the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdiaev understood Russian space and geography, beginning with the texts that he wrote during the First World War and ending with his book The Russian Idea (1946). It was characteristic of Berdiaev to extensively recycle passages from his own texts, not least those that put forth the claim that there was a correspondence between Russia's vast and wide-open spaces and the "Russian soul." However, the article argues that Berdiaev's seemingly similar phrases had different meanings in different contexts. In the 1910s, his perspective was predominantly critical, if speculative, positing that the acquisition of large territories had prevented the Russian "self-organization" in thought and culture. After the 1917 revolutions and his own emigration in 1922, by contrast, Berdiaev gradually became more essentialist in his approach to Russian space, seeing the vast territories as perfectly matching the strivings and quests of the Russian people. The article contextualises Berdiaev's understanding of space both in relation to nineteenth-century traditions of interpreting Russian geography and to the political upheavals that took place during his lifetime.

Liest man Søren Kierkegaards Schriften textanalytisch, lässt sich das Verhältnis des Ästhetischen und des Religiösen in seinem Werk ganz neu bestimmen. Statt dass beide einander ausschließen, wie oftmals im Anschluss an Kierkegaards eigenes Diktum angenommen, lässt sich durch eingehende Detailstudien eine reziproke Bedingtheit offenbaren, die auf anthropologische, theologische und kunsttheoretische Prämissen zurückverweist. So belegt die Arbeit bereits in Texten aus Entweder – Oder oder der Wiederholung religiöse Kernthesen (z.B. zum christlichen Paradox, zu Unmittelbarkeit und rezeptiver Selbstaufgabe) anhand der narratologischen Komposition, Semantik, Wiederholungs- und Gegensatzfiguren u.a. Anhand der bisher kaum beachteten, hochkomplexen stilistischen Struktur verschiedener religiöser Reden und der Einübung im Christentum wird gezeigt, dass deren theologischer Gehalt umgekehrt erst durch die Indienstnahme ästhetischer Verfahrensweisen, Motive und Denkweisen zu Stande kommt. Der Band vereint eine literaturwissenschaftliche mit einer theologischen und philosophischen Perspektive in faszinierenden Analysen und weist so den Weg in ein neues Verständnis von Kierkegaards Schaffen.

This chapter identifies three challenges to human wisdom posed by ongoing advances in robotics, machine learning, and computer automation. Building upon an account of wisdom as moral or intellectual expertise enriched by the habit of responsible self-regulation in the light of holistic value judgments, I note that in many future labor contexts, machine expertise, or the semblance of it, will appear to be an increasingly expedient and attractive substitute for human expertise and wisdom. Moreover, existing technical, political, and economic conditions may well disrupt the historical pattern in which automation eventually creates new and enriched domains for the cultivation of human expertise and wisdom. I conclude that unless we challenge these conditions and assume responsibility for their effects, we risk wasting the vast positive potential of artificial intelligence and automation, which lies in their only acceptable use: namely, enlisting their power in the full support of our own moral and intellectual perfectibility, in the service of the growth of human wisdom for the benefit of ourselves and those who share our world.

George Yeo, former Minister of Foreign Affairs who became a business leader, speaks to DNA about his philosophical Taoist worldview, the impact of the rise of China, and the challenges facing ASEAN at its 50th year. He talks on how the soft power of ASEAN's policy of non-interference has yield some successes.

Islam plays a central role in Pakistan's identity making process. Since the events of 9/11, the significant rise of religious extremism and terrorism in Pakistan has influenced its democratic setup, constitutional process and human rights values. This paper examines the historical evolution of democratic and constitutional process in Pakistan as well as the role of religion in defining the state narratives. This divide between religious extremists and secularists is more acute at the moment primarily because the state is passing legislations influenced by extremist and terrorist narratives. The paper uses interpretive approach in examining the challenge presented by the religious–secular divide and extremist narratives pose to the democratic principles and human rights values in Pakistan.

This paper inquires —studying especially the unpublished notes preserved in his archive— into José Gaos's concept of totalitarianism as a diagnosis of his own time. Gaos considers that the effects of civil war, Nazism, Stalinism, and Ortega's thesis of the "revolt of the masses", must be added to modernization as a process of generalization of laicism, technique, and loss of value of the subject and of social ties. So widened, totalitarianism becomes an anthropological notion, rather than political. ; Este artículo investiga, especialmente en los materiales inéditos del archivo de Gaos, la noción de totalitarismo como diagnóstico de su época. Gaos considera que a la modernización como proceso de laicización, tecnificación y degradación del sujeto y del vínculo social, se añaden los efectos de la guerra civil, el nazismo, el estalinismo, y el diagnóstico orteguiano de la "rebelión de las masas"; con ello, el totalitarismo, adquiere un alcance antropológico más que político.