Suchergebnisse

Res into the processes by which Med S's selectively acquire the att's & values of the Med profession falls into 2 categories: (1) investigations which conceive of the Med Sch as a whole environment or soc system, (2) studies which focus on the soc psychol of particular att's. Both types have been concerned to a large extent with the problem of S's' att's toward HR. Factual evidence appears to indicate that such att's change in the direction of what has been labeled `cynicism. ' Interpreted within the full context of the S's experience, however, apparent cynicism can be regarded as a form of training in detachment which is an important attribute of the MD's role. An important theoretical problem which has emerged from studies of att'al learning is whether S development is in contest with or in collaboration with the Med faculty. From the standpoint of sociol, the Sch environment is a vitally important influence on the development of the S into a professional. Investigations lend support to the proposition that adult socialization is important in the career of the professional. AA.

Research into the processes by which medical students selectively acquire the attitudes and values of the medical profession falls into two general categories: (1) in vestigations which conceive of the medical school as a whole environment or social system, (2) studies which focus on the social psychology of particular attitudes. Both types have been concerned to a large extent with the problem of students' attitudes toward human relations. Factual evidence appears to indicate that such attitudes change in the direction of what has been labeled "cynicism." Interpreted within the full context of the student's experience, however, apparent cynicism can be regarded as a form of training in detachment which is an important attribute of the doctor's role. An important theoretical problem which has emerged from studies of attitudinal learning is whether student development is in contest with or in collaboration with the medical faculty. From the standpoint of sociology, the school environment is a vitally important influence on the development of the student into a professional. Investigations lend support to the proposi tion that adult socialization is important in the career of the professional.

'Resistentialism is a systematic treatment of the 'innate cussedness of things',' (for definition see SA 957), & reporting on kinds of resistance a sample of physicians (MD's) displayed towards a mailed questionnaire. Headed 'Public Images of Female Occup's', it was mailed to a random sample of 379 M MD's, & consisted of 4 printed pages containing 20 multiple-choice check type & one open-ended question asking, 'How do you think nurses, as a whole, are diff from most other women?' to provide comparative data on evaluation of nurses from persons involved in the same work establishment (physicians) & from a random sample of a metropolitan pop. 43% of the questionnaires were not returned, but a sizable % of non-returns is expected to mailed questionnaires. In many cases, it should be noted, these non-returns may introduce a distinct bias into res findings so corrective measures should be taken by soc sci'ts to overcome this. The results showed that the sociopsychol'al factors isolated as potential reasons for non-response are resistence to: (1) demands to express stereotypes & broad generalizations; (2) limited alternatives presented in multiple choice questions; (3) value-laden, linguistic symbols such as `class'; & (4) to projective-type questions whose meaning & purpose are not clear to the potential R. It is felt that a reduction of such resistence would cut down the number of non-responses & incomplete returns. There will always be a residue of non-returns which cannot be eliminated mainly because of lack of sufficient motivation on the part of certain R's, as following reply illustrates: 'These lengthy questionnaires, though they may be of some value to you, appear to have no value to me as a physician. By what right do you think you claim my time to serve you for free? ... it is nearly universal that for brief reports requiring about as much time as your questionnaire (insurance companies) now pay us $3.00.' H. H. Smythe.

Utilizing computer gaming techniques, a pilot experiment was conducted which located several possible parameters relating to degree of difficulty of diagnosis in internal medicine; private physicians served as subjects and the field of inquiry was limited to functional and organic diseases of the respiratory system. A second study was then conducted in which a digital computer served the function of providing objective feedback to the M.D. during diagnosis, indicating the number and names of diseases consistent with each acquisition of new information about the patient. Performance of the subjects under the latter condition indicated significant behavioral changes when compared with the previous study. Findings are interpreted in terms of the man–machine relationship and its importance to in-line computer applications of a diagnostic nature.